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Science, Ahead of Print.

Early results from SinoProbe II hint at how continental fragments assemble and evolve

Anthony Letai denies political interference during his first year and says NCI's grant numbers are up again

Analysis of 140 species suggests the risks of sons are offset by evolutionary advantages

A surprising immune system signal may help explain why zebrafish can regenerate damaged spinal cords so effectively. Researchers found that certain neutrophils release Il-4, which calms harmful inflammation and allows injured nerve fibers to grow again. Without these cells, healing stalled, but adding Il-4 restored regeneration. Scientists now want to know whether the same mechanism could someday be harnessed to improve spinal cord repair in humans.

A chemical commonly used in dry cleaning and found in some household products may be an overlooked threat to liver health. Researchers found that people with detectable levels of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in their blood were three times more likely to have significant liver fibrosis, a dangerous buildup of scar tissue that can eventually lead to liver failure or cancer. The risk climbed sharply as PCE levels increased, even after accounting for factors such as age, sex, race, education, alcohol use, and metabolic conditions.

Mutations are fundamental to oncogenesis, yet they cannot fully explain cancer progression, as oncogenic mutations frequently accumulate in healthy tissues without immediate malignancy. In the liver, β-catenin mutations are highly prevalent in hepatocellular carcinoma but are widely considered weak or cooperative drivers, raising the question of how their oncogenic potential is contextually regulated. Aging and chronic injury are major determinants of cancer risk. However, how declining tissue...

Millions of people worldwide suffer from sarcopenia, a clinically recognized syndrome that is defined as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Sarcopenia reduces mobility, leads to falls and fractures, and increases the risk of death, posing an ever-increasing health-care and economic burden to society. There are currently no approved therapies for the syndrome, partly owing to its multifactorial aetiology, highlighting the need for therapies with pleiotropic beneficial...

Drugs for aging-related diseases may modulate aging itself, but standard clinical trial designs cannot detect such effects. Aging clocks could close this gap, but epigenetic models often yield inconsistent, hard-to-interpret results. In contrast, proteomic clocks, by tracking the immediate effectors of biological change, may excel in providing aging biomarkers or mechanistic insight. Here we compare six proteomic clocks (ProtAge, OrganAge(mortality), OrganAge(chrono), PAC, ipfP3GPT and PAOPAC)...

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