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A Science analysis reveals how many were fired, retired, or quit across 14 agencies

Light pollution from green hydrogen plant would have threatened world’s largest telescopes

Branches sharpened 400,000 years ago shine light on humans’ early toolmaking

Waves of molten rock could be confounding observations of atmospheres on distant planets

Deep beneath the South Pole, two seismometers will monitor the planet’s interior and the movement of Antarctic ice

Although upregulation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) excessively activates pro-inflammatory microglia through Aβ peptides, it remains unclear whether TLR2 regulates neuronal pyroptosis via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed TLR2 expression in peripheral blood from clinical samples and employed SH-SY5Y cells for initial screening. AD pathology was simulated by Aβ(1-42) stimulation, and pathway regulatory relationships were dissected through TLR2 knockdown, NF-κB...

White matter degeneration in aging drives cognitive and motor decline. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) and their precursors are central to this process. Their intrinsic aging, marked by differentiation failure, metabolic and mitochondrial deficits, and transcriptional epigenetic dysregulation, causes myelin thinning and axonal support loss. Degeneration is amplified by dysfunctional crosstalk: microglia clear debris poorly and turn inflammatory; astrocytes disrupt lipid balance and secrete inflammatory...

Lysosomes are responsible for clearing cellular waste and facilitating material recycling, thus playing a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and even in resisting the development of various diseases. Lysosomes are highly dynamic organelles. While typically exhibiting a vesicular morphology, lysosomes can remodel into tubular structures under specific conditions; this morphological plasticity underpins their functional complexity. Aging triggers significant lysosomal morphological...

CONCLUSIONS: Avoiding increases in perceived social exclusion could encourage the decision to donate, an important prosocial behavior, pending further longitudinal evidence. Cross-country comparisons are recommended.

Dead cat led to discovery, but officials stress no further spread of H5N1 has been detected

CONCLUSIONS: We present a thorough genetic analysis of the relationship between HF, AD, and the intestinal-neuroimmune interaction, emphasizing the potential of GM and immune cells as therapeutic targets.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a central regulator of microglial activity and loss-of-function coding variants are major risk factors for late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). To better understand the molecular and functional changes associated with TREM2 signalling in microglia, we generated a TREM2 reporter mouse. In APP transgenic animals, bulk RNA-sequencing of isolated microglia sorted based on reporter expression highlighted TREM2 level-related changes in...