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The immune system plays a major part in neurodegenerative diseases. In some, such as multiple sclerosis, it is the primary driver of the disease. In others, such as Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease, it has an amplifying role. Immunotherapeutic approaches that target the adaptive and innate immune systems are being explored for the treatment of almost all neurological diseases, and the targets and approaches are often common across diseases. Microglia are the...

The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is an important source of inherited extranuclear variation. Clonal increases in mtDNA mutation heteroplasmy have been implicated in aging and disease, although the impact of this shift on cell function is challenging to assess. Reprogramming to pluripotency affects mtDNA mutation heteroplasmy. We reprogrammed three human fibroblast lines with known heteroplasmy for deleterious mtDNA point or deletion mutations. Quantification of mutation heteroplasmy in the...

INTRODUCTION: Subjective visual impairment (VI) is related to cognition in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The utility of subjective VI as an indicator for domain-specific cognitive impairment is unknown.

CONCLUSION: The incorporation of AI methodologies such as GNNs and MLPs into clinical settings holds promise for enhancing the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. By deploying these advanced computational techniques, clinicians could see a reduction in diagnostic errors, facilitating earlier, more precise interventions, and likely to lead to significantly improved outcomes for patients.

CONCLUSION: An elevated CMI is linked to increased risk for biological aging. This relationship may inform more effective prevention and treatment strategies for biological aging in the future. CMI be integrated into routine health screenings or aging assessments by healthcare professionals.