Aging & Longevity

We demonstrate that the capacity for acute exercise to induce mitophagy in skeletal muscle is impaired in old male mice and corresponds to a loss of mitoAMPKα. We present evidence of age-dependent, exercise-induced phosphorylation of AMPK at S491, which may predispose mitoAMPKα to degradation by the E3-ubiquitin ligase Trim72. Our findings highlight the need to understand how aging alters spatial responses to energetic stressors, like exercise.

CONCLUSION: Aging is associated with task-specific alterations in neural complexity, hemodynamic complexity, and the cross-modal temporal relationship between EEG and fNIRS signals. These findings suggest that age-related changes in NVC-related dynamics are better characterized as dynamic reorganization rather than a uniform enhancement or impairment, and support the potential of multimodal entropy analysis for characterizing age-related neurovascular coupling change.

INTRODUCTION: Astrocytic senescence is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Ramelteon, a clinically approved MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor agonist, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various neurological disorders. However, whether Ramelteon can inhibit astrocytic senescence and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.

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The frequent coexistence of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology in cognitively unimpaired older adults complicates interpretation of vascular and neurodegenerative imaging findings. This narrative review synthesizes topographical, microstructural, and network-level evidence in cognitively unimpaired aging, distinguishing biomarker-characterized samples from supportive mixed or symptomatic cohorts. WMHs have heterogeneous etiologies. Posterior and some...

Aging is an intrinsic biological process; specifically, brain aging leads to cognitive decline, memory loss, and numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a critical role in several neuropathological conditions; however, the specific role of FGF13 in brain aging remains unclear. In this study, screening of public gene expression databases revealed that FGF13 is significantly downregulated in the brain...

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Spatial omics technologies provide unprecedented opportunities to investigate how molecular programs are organized within tissues. However, existing analytical frameworks primarily focus on identifying cellular states and characterizing differentially expressed molecular features across these states. The relational spatial organization of molecular features and its dynamics across biological contexts therefore remain largely unexplored. Here we present Gene SPatial Optimal Transport (GeneSPOT),...

Timely removal of defective or superfluous cellular components, including misfolded proteins, aberrant protein complexes and damaged organelles, is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and adaptation to stress. This process is controlled by an intricate interplay between two principal degradation systems, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy, which together mediate the recognition, selection and elimination of diverse substrates. In this Review, we discuss how proteins and...

Diabetes is a major risk factor for developing cognitive impairment and studies have shown that poor glycemic control can increase this risk, but the neural mechanisms are poorly understood. Many studies have linked altered spontaneous cortical activity during the resting-state to Alzheimer's disease and other neurological conditions associated with cognitive impairment. Herein, we examine whether the strength of spontaneous activity during the resting-state is differentially related to glycemic...

Ribophagy plays a critical role in maintaining ribosome quality, yet how ribosomes are marked for autophagic recognition remains poorly understood. Here, we identify the methyltransferase Dot1/DOT1L as a conserved regulator of ribophagy that generates an "eat-me" signal through methylation of Rpl12, thereby regulating ribosome quality. Under nutrient deprivation, Dot1 methylates Rpl12 at K41 and K48 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enhancing its interaction with Atg11 and initiating ribophagy...

Vascular endothelial cell (VEC) senescence is a key contributor to vascular aging and atherosclerosis. Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can encode functional micropeptides involved in cellular regulation. In this study, we investigated whether 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) delays endothelial senescence through an lncRNA-encoded peptide associated with autophagy. RNA sequencing was performed in H(2)O(2)-induced senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)...

The motion of liquid droplets on solid surfaces is commonly described by contact-line friction, which is generally assumed to increase monotonically with instantaneous velocity. However, such a velocity-only description cannot explain why static droplet friction can exceed dynamic friction or why contact-line friction can become velocity-weakening. Here, we demonstrate that contact-line friction depends jointly on sliding velocity and contact history. Using self-assembled alkylsilane monolayers...

Most vertebrates and insects undergo senescence: as they age, their rate of mortality increases while reproduction declines. We present data from a 34-y study on 3,285 colonies of known age in the western harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis, that show the reverse pattern, negative senescence, in which mortality decreases and reproduction increases with age. Theoretical models have identified indeterminate growth and a lack of reproductive cost to growth as the key traits favoring the...

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is an early feature of brain aging, but the endothelial mechanisms preserving barrier resilience remain unclear. Although we have reported α-synuclein (SNCA) supports vascular endothelial homeostasis, its role in the brain microvascular endothelium is unknown. Because SNCA loss suppresses eNOS/NO signaling and promotes endothelial β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) induction, we investigated whether senescence-associated SNCA decline...

CONCLUSION: Falls were associated with several demographic, socioeconomic, health-related, sensory, cognitive, and functional factors. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive fall-prevention strategies that address modifiable risk factors to reduce the burden of falls in aging populations.

CONCLUSIONS: Meaningful participation of older adults in DT for AI-driven assistive technology is methodologically and ethically important for producing acceptable, usable, and contextually appropriate technology. This evidence map offers guidance for geriatric researchers, clinicians, digital-health implementers, and policymakers committed to inclusive co-design with older adults, and identifies priority gaps for future primary research.

CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the importance of health and social context in shaping life satisfaction in later life and suggest the need for integrated interventions supporting both physical and mental well-being among older adults.

Terrestrial ecosystems maintain a stable time-allocation budget between growth and senescence, but whether this applies to the ocean remains unclear. Using fused satellite LiDAR and ocean-color data (2007-2022), we show that marine phenology is variable and asymmetric. In high latitudes ( > 50°N), the bloom growth-to-decline ratio (R(GD)) is declining by ~5.3% per decade. While the chlorophyll-increase phase has lengthened by 2.3-5.5 days, the post-peak chlorophyll-decline phase has extended...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and cellular senescence serves as a core driving factor in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular degeneration and related diseases. Sirtuins act as a crucial molecular hub linking cellular senescence to CVDs, and their upregulated activity is closely associated with delayed cellular senescence and preserved normal cardiovascular function; therefore, the research and development of small-molecule...