Aging & Longevity

Healthy older adults exhibit both selective impairments in episodic memory - memory for events situated within a specific time and place - and deficits in executive function, reflected by difficulty switching between different tasks and inhibiting task-irrelevant information. Prior work has shown that older adults show diminished mnemonic brain state engagement - recruitment of whole brain activity patterns that selectively support memory encoding and memory retrieval. Our hypothesis is that...

Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell-cycle arrest that prevents cancer but promotes aging and inflammation. Conflicting molecular profiles of senescence may arise from contamination by neighboring proliferating cells. Here, we developed SenLect (senescence selection), a genetically encoded system for purifying senescent cells in culture. SenLect expresses mCherry-2A-PuroR under the senescence-activated miR-146a promoter, providing senescent cells a selective advantage over...

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, is increasingly recognized as a metabolic disorder characterized by disrupted insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in the brain, a concept now referred to as type 3 diabetes. Central to this perspective is the insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin (IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR) cascade, which acts as the primary convergence point linking systemic insulin resistance to...

Replicative senescence links telomere shortening to irreversible proliferative arrest and is widely recognized as a major tumor-suppressive mechanism. At the organismal level, however, progressive accumulation of senescent cells contributes to tissue dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and aging. Accumulating evidence suggests that telomere shortening influences telomeric and subtelomeric chromatin organization and transcription through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Building...

Frailty is a multisystem clinical syndrome closely linked to cognitive aging, yet its relationship with brain pathology and contribution to neurological outcomes remain unclear. We examined neuroimaging correlates of frailty and evaluated their integrative impact on incident dementia within a cerebral frailty risk score (CFRS) framework. In a population-based UK Biobank cohort, we analyzed neuroimaging-derived phenotypes, including cerebral volumetrics and thickness, white matter...

Beyond total volume, how physical activity is distributed, timed, and structured across the 24-h cycle may reflect aspects of brain aging missed by conventional measures. We examined how these activity dimensions relate to cognitive status, cognitive performance, and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related plasma biomarkers. In this cross-sectional analysis of 164 adults aged 50-89 from the Human Connectome Project-Connectomics in Brain Aging and Dementia study, 7-day wrist actigraphy measured activity...

Evidence linking socioeconomic mobility to depressive symptoms in older adults in low- and middle-income countries is limited. We examined childhood-to-adulthood socioeconomic position (SEP) mobility in India. The primary cross-sectional analysis used complete-case data from 30,358 adults aged ≥ 60 years in the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India Wave 1. Childhood SEP was recalled; adulthood SEP reflected per capita consumption expenditure. Mobility was classified as consistently high, upward,...

Super-carbon-chain compounds (SCCCs), marine long-carbon-chain polyketides featuring numerous carbon stereocenters, fall into untapped chemical space in between drug-like small molecules and biopolymers. Due to mass-material unavailability and flexible-structure complexity, the reliable stereochemical assignment of SCCCs has long remained stagnant. In this work, a modern microalgal biomass production-platform is created for pilot-scale cultivation of marine dinoflagellates to produce over 100...

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurological disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive function, has complex pathogenic mechanisms and lacks curative therapies with proven efficacy. Aging and inflammatory responses, which play indispensable roles in the onset and progression of AD, are closely intertwined with mitochondrial dysfunction. During aging, a series of degenerative alterations, including accumulated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, excessive mitochondrial...

Mitochondrial dysfunction and declining ATP production are common features of aging, yet whether ATP availability itself directly regulates cellular lifespan is unclear. However, the causal relationship between cellular ATP homeostasis and aging has not been established. Here, we developed a synthetic system to manipulate intracellular ATP independently of endogenous energy production by expressing a plasma membrane-targeted nucleotide transporter, NTT1, from the intracellular parasite...

ObjectivesWhile studies have linked nature exposure to better cognitive health, little is known about the specific types or amounts needed for health benefits. Many studies regarding the health benefits of nature lack racially and ethnically diverse aging populations and have small sample sizes, limiting their generalizability. This study investigated the relationship between land cover types and cognitive function in older Mexican American adults from Wave 5 (2004-2005) of the Hispanic...

The hepatic microenvironment undergoes dynamic remodelling in advanced liver fibrosis. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a key component of this fibrotic microenvironment, plays a key role in disease progression. While cellular senescence is one of the fates that activated HSCs undergo and is associated with fibrosis resolution, the relationship between HA and HSC senescence in advanced liver fibrosis remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which HA regulates HSC...

Nickel (Ni), the last essential trace element identified in plants, has long been enigmatic regarding the genetic basis underlying its homeostasis and its agricultural significance. Using genome-wide association analysis, we identified ZmNAET1 as a key transporter controlling Ni allocation to seeds. Mechanistically, ZmNAET1 mediates nicotianamine secretion and enables nicotianamine-dependent phloem loading of Ni in nodes and subsequent Ni translocation into sink organs. Mutants lacking ZmNAET1...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with increasing global burden driven by population growth and ageing, persistent harmful exposures, and substantial health inequities. The Lancet Commission on COPD articulated an ambitious vision for disease elimination with prevention, early detection, and intervention. This Review revisits that vision, assesses progress since 2022, and calls for a broader commitment to lifelong lung...

CONCLUSION: IDMAge was associated with mortality and multiple exposomic factors. Although neither approach provided direct validation, both MR and analyses in CHARLS and HRS revealed consistent patterns supporting a potential role for glucose in aging-related decline. Future research should focus on strategies to slow aging and improve resilience in aging populations.

Psychedelic compounds such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are increasingly studied for their neuroplastic effects and potential relevance to brain ageing and neurodegenerative conditions, including dementia. These processes are characterised by transcriptional changes involving progressive synaptic dysfunction and altered neuron-glia interactions. In computational drug discovery, the transcriptional signature reversion principle proposes that compounds inducing gene expression states...

Biomarkers that correlate with age are essential tools for understanding aging and lifespan variation. DNA methylation (DNAm) changes predictably with age in parts of the genome. In humans, epigenetically "old" individuals relative to their chronological age also have a reduced life expectancy but whether the link between epigenetic age and lifespan is a general feature remains an open question. We explored age-related changes in DNAm in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia castanotis), a key avian...

CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the relevance of wealth as an important socioeconomic resource for cognitive health beyond income and education, particularly in old age, when income is typically reduced. Overall, the results support modest concurrent associations between personality, SES, and episodic memory levels but provide hardly any evidence for longitudinal effects. More frequent and longer term longitudinal assessments are needed to clarify potential effects on cognitive aging.

We demonstrate that the capacity for acute exercise to induce mitophagy in skeletal muscle is impaired in old male mice and corresponds to a loss of mitoAMPKα. We present evidence of age-dependent, exercise-induced phosphorylation of AMPK at S491, which may predispose mitoAMPKα to degradation by the E3-ubiquitin ligase Trim72. Our findings highlight the need to understand how aging alters spatial responses to energetic stressors, like exercise.

CONCLUSION: Aging is associated with task-specific alterations in neural complexity, hemodynamic complexity, and the cross-modal temporal relationship between EEG and fNIRS signals. These findings suggest that age-related changes in NVC-related dynamics are better characterized as dynamic reorganization rather than a uniform enhancement or impairment, and support the potential of multimodal entropy analysis for characterizing age-related neurovascular coupling change.