Aging & Longevity

The functional decline of the hematopoietic system during aging affects organismal function and contributes to reduced healthspan. Quantifying hematopoietic aging holds great scientific and clinical relevance. Alterations in chromatin architecture are a well-established hallmark of aging that encode rich and informative signatures of the aging process, yet they remain largely unexplored as quantitative markers. Here, we present an interpretable deep learning approach based on convolutional...

Autophagy is widely proposed to decline with age; however, direct evidence across human cell types remains limited. Moreover, it is unclear whether age-associated changes in autophagy-gene transcription are accompanied by corresponding changes in autophagic activity, and whether autophagic activity relates to physiological function during aging. We performed transcriptomic and functional autophagy analyses across subject-matched human cell types from a healthy aging cohort. Autophagy-related...

Nematode growth medium (NGM) has been the standard culture medium for Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) for over five decades and contains peptone to support proliferation of the bacterial food source, Escherichia coli OP50. However, the increasing use of paraformaldehyde (PFA)-killed OP50 in studies of metabolism, aging, and host-microbe interactions raise the question of whether peptone remains necessary once bacterial proliferation has been eliminated. Here, we systematically compared...

This study examined the impact of nine years of continued cycling exercise on physiological function in older exercisers, viewed as a model of inherent biological aging free from the negative effects of inactivity. A range of cardiorespiratory indices were measured, with peak oxygen consumption (V̇O(2peak)) as the primary outcome. Of an original 125 cyclists first assessed in 2012-2013, 82 (53 males, 29 females) returned 9 years later (aged 64-86 years at follow up). V̇O(2peak) declined by 19.7%...

Eccentric exercise is widely used in rehabilitation protocols for older adults. However, the age-related behavior of the muscle-tendon unit (MTU) during eccentric actions remains incompletely understood, especially regarding muscle-tendon decoupling and its influence on fascicle dynamics and force production. Better characterizing these mechanisms would help optimize the design of rehabilitation protocols in older individuals. This study aimed to investigate age-related differences, while...

DNA storage is a promising solution to data explosion due to its high density and longevity. However, existing coding methods struggle to efficiently avoid error-prone sequences while retaining usable ones, leading to low density and high copy numbers. Here we show Siyuan Code, a DNA storage codec that achieves theoretically optimal density. Our method maps binary data to nearly all suitable low-error sequences in a one-to-one manner, using our data structure to catalog and avoid error-prone...

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CONCLUSION: Evidence on cognitive ageing among older Latin American immigrants remains limited and geographically concentrated. Greater research diversity and more precise characterisation of immigrant populations are needed to better understand cognitive ageing and to inform equitable, culturally responsive policies and interventions.

Despite comprising nearly one in 10 people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Brazil, older adults aged 60 years and above remain profoundly underrepresented in psychosocial research. This multicenter study is the first age-restricted (≥ 60 years) subgroup analysis of the Brazilian PLHIV Stigma Index 2.0. The present secondary analysis yielded a sample of 138 older adults (M age = 64.3 years, SD = 4.1; 52.9% male; 57.2% Black or Brown). Path analysis with 5000-resample bootstrapping and full-information...

CONCLUSIONS: Among older adults, smoking and ingested forms were associated with CUD, whereas no mode was associated with depression, distress, or suicidal ideation. These findings may inform targeted screening and harm reduction strategies for adults aged ≥ 65 years using cannabis.

Perilla frutescens (PF) is rich in flavonoids and other secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties. This study explored the lifespan-modulating effects and underlying mechanisms of an ethyl acetate extract of PF leaves (EAEPF) using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model organism. EAEPF treatment significantly prolonged lifespan, enhanced pharyngeal pumping and head thrashing frequencies, and reduced the accumulation of lipofuscin and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The extract...

Motor changes are increasingly recognized as part of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) phenotype, yet motor speech function and its clinical utility for early AD risk stratification remain underexplored. This cross-sectional study investigated whether measures of motor speech performance in home-based rapid syllable repetition (diadochokinesis [DDK]) tasks are associated with the established AD risk indicators of subjective cognitive decline (SCD), apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) carriage, and plasma...

Aging is the primary risk factor for neurodegenerative disease, yet the protein signatures that distinguish physiological brain aging from pathological decline remain incompletely defined in translational models. Using the targeted NULISAseq proteomic platform, we profiled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from 66 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) spanning adult, pre-geriatric, and geriatric ages, and benchmarked the results against human reference samples. Age-related differences were broader...

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a dynamic synapse whose structure and function change with activity. This review synthesizes evidence from molecular studies, in vivo imaging, computational models, and human exercise research to explain how exercise remodels the presynaptic motor neuron terminal, postsynaptic muscle endplate, perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs), and extracellular matrix (ECM). Three conclusions emerge. First, endurance, resistance, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and...

The aging brain undergoes progressive alterations in energy metabolism that may reduce its capacity to match energy supply with changing functional demands. Declining glucose metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered neuron-glia and neurovascular interactions may contribute to this vulnerability, but these changes do not necessarily indicate complete loss of metabolic capacity. Neuroenergetic flexibility refers to the capacity to coordinate changes in substrate utilization with...

The accumulation of senescent cells is a recognized hallmark of biological aging and is associated with the onset of multiple chronic medical conditions. Senescent cells exhibit a distinct secretory profile, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can propagate cellular senescence to neighboring and distant tissues. Measuring SASP factors in blood serves as a practical proxy for cellular senescence burden and may help track disease states and intervention outcomes....

Aging drives physiological decline and predisposes individuals to multiple age-related pathologies, constituting a major global health challenge. Growth hormone receptor (GHR), a critical regulator of growth, development, and metabolism, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. However, its precise role in aging and age-related diseases remains incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that hepatocyte-specific GHR knockout mice display accelerated aging-related phenotypes, characterized...

CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals perceive that participation and learning among residents, relatives, and colleagues in long-term care facilities do occur, but to varying degrees and are associated with multiple challenges. Drawing on a learning model, such as Illeris, can help identify which components need to be developed, which together with a deeper understanding and implementation of person-centredness, could contribute to increased participation and learning, and thereby to the...

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Diet is an environmental factor influencing aging and life expectancy. Age-associated DNA methylation and epigenetic clocks are primary hallmarks of aging and may be modified by diet. However, observed associations between diet and epigenetic clocks may be confounded by familial factors. Using data from monozygotic twins in the Danish GEMINAKAR cohort, established in 1997-2000, when participants were aged 18-67 years, and with a 12-year follow-up, we examined whether adherence to Danish dietary...