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A few minutes of sprinting may reshape the bloodstream far more dramatically than a much longer moderate workout. Six 30-second sprints altered nearly a quarter of the blood proteins measured and more than 200 metabolites, while 90 minutes of moderate cycling produced far smaller immediate changes. Many of the proteins affected by sprinting were also associated with lower risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.

A hormone already known for curbing appetite and supporting weight loss may have a surprising second job: protecting the liver from inflammation and scarring. Researchers at McMaster University found that GDF15 activates a previously unknown brain-to-liver pathway that triggers the release of glucocorticoids, helping calm immune activity in the liver.

AI may be able to predict how strongly someone will respond to a vaccine before they receive it. By analyzing antibody patterns in more than 4,000 people, researchers found signs of “immune readiness” that helped distinguish strong responders from weak ones. Surprisingly, even some healthy people responded poorly, while some immunosuppressed people mounted strong responses.

Immunosenescence is not a uniform decline but a trajectory shaped jointly by age and sex. Using continuous high-dimensional immunophenotyping, we show that aging T cells accumulate a senescent signature of CD28 loss and CD57 gain, and that males reach an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio earlier and more severely than females. We argue that age-by-sex stratification should guide vaccination and geroprotective strategies in an aging population.

Aging biomarkers can potentially allow researchers to rapidly monitor the impact of an aging intervention without the need for decade-spanning trials. However, before the use of aging biomarkers, such as epigenetic clocks, as surrogate endpoints, their responsiveness to interventions that target aging must be tested. Here we curate TranslAGE, a harmonized database of 51 public and private longitudinal interventional studies, and calculate a consistent set of 16 prominent epigenetic clocks for...

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Frailty and cognitive impairments frequently co-occur in older adults. It remains unclear whether this overlap reflects shared underlying biological mechanisms or parallel but distinct disease pathways. We hypothesize that physical weakness and cognitive impairment share circulating markers already in an early disease stage. We therefore recruited and analyzed a relatively healthy population with partially overlapping pre-frailty and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and applied a multi-omics...

Family dogs' human-analogue attachment to the owner has long been recognised; however, how this dog-owner attachment develops and changes with age remains an open question. We examined age-related variation and the effect of training experience on the attachment behaviour in family dogs (N = 222) using the Strange Situation Test (SST). Across three age groups (puppy-juvenile, adult, and senior dogs), dogs were assessed by scores for three behavioural factors: attachment to the owner, anxiety...

The increase in life expectancy over the past century has been accompanied by the recognition of age as the primary risk factor for a wide range of pathologies, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. Thus, the development of interventions that slow the underlying biological processes of aging could have beneficial effects on the prevention or progression of these diseases. To evaluate such geroprotective interventions, quantifying biological damage via aging...

Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms are linked to excessive beta band (13-35 Hz) oscillations and basal ganglia-cortical (BGC) synchrony, yet their dynamic inter-relation remains unclear. Based on computational modeling, we hypothesize that transient high-beta (20-35 Hz) BGC coupling induces subcortical low-beta (13-20 Hz) amplification. We recorded intraoperative neural signals from the globus pallidus internus and externus (GPi and GPe, respectively) and motor cortex (M1) in 23 PD patients...

Population aging is accompanied by a parallel increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD), vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), and dementia, highlighting the urgent need to better understand the complex interactions linking cardiovascular, cognitive, and emotional health. Growing evidence suggests that cardiovascular dysfunction, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive decline are not isolated conditions but interconnected manifestations of shared vascular, inflammatory, neurohumoral, metabolic,...

Chronic diseases can continue to progress after the initiating insult has subsided, indicating that injured tissues may retain a persistent imprint of failed repair. Here, senescent repair memory refers to a tissue state in which transient repair-associated senescence fails to resolve and is maintained by persistent senescent cells, altered secretory and metabolic programmes, defective immune clearance, epigenetic stabilization and spatial niche interactions. Once established beyond the adaptive...

Ageing is a process of continuous decline of cellular health. This decline could be attributed to loss of functions to various crucial protein players regulating the triage of cellular physiology. Systematic decline of cellular proteostasis is one major change that orchestrates alterations in functioning of other biological indicators, including cellular energetics, signal transduction, and metabolic adaptation. Among many molecular players governing physiological changes, E3 ubiquitin ligases...

Biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) is a major source of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC), which contributes to climate through solar radiation absorption. Chemical aging (bleaching) of BrC diminishes light absorption over time. Although recent modeling studies have emphasized the need to account for bleaching when assessing BrC's climate impacts, a parameterization representing the entire BBOA matrix has been lacking. Here, we develop a bleaching parameterization for the whole BrC in BBOA...

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) constitute an organized hematopoietic system that undergoes age-related alterations, including increased platelet production and decreased erythropoiesis. The fundamental mechanisms driving these shifts remain incompletely understood. We used single-cell RNA sequencing data to show that old HSCs contain two distinct transcriptional programs: one shared with megakaryocytes and the other reflecting the most primitive HSC state. Developmental time-series profiling...

CONCLUSION: This study established preliminary, cohort-specific multi-regional ¹H-MRS reference estimates for cognitively intact older adults, with robust regional profiles and large effect sizes. The PCC showed exploratory age-related change-most consistently a coordinated aspartate-glutathione decline-requiring confirmation in larger cohorts, whereas the OC emerged as a candidate metabolically stable region.

Miscarriage and abnormal embryonic development in women of advanced maternal age (AMA) are often associated with impaired decidualization. mTORC2 is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase. As a core component of mTORC2, RICTOR has been implicated in nutrient sensing and is closely linked to implantation disorders; however, its role in regulating age-related decidualization disorders remains unreported. In this study, we identified pronounced decidualization defects in AMA foster mice,...

Cellular senescence is a fundamental hallmark of aging and represents a major barrier to the scalable and reproducible application of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Senescent human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) exhibit impaired proliferative capacity, disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis, and altered secretory phenotypes, which may compromise the biological activity and therapeutic reliability of sEVs. Here, we investigated whether...

Aging is accompanied by arterial dysfunction, defined by impaired endothelial function and increased large artery stiffness, yet the contribution of the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) and its constituent, hyaluronan (HA), to this process remains incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that decreasing endothelial HA synthesis via a reduction in endothelial-specific HA synthase 2 (HAS2) compromises eGC integrity and contributes to arterial dysfunction with advancing age. Both...