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A surprising study suggests vitamin D2 supplements may reduce the body’s levels of vitamin D3 — the more effective form of vitamin D. Researchers found D3 not only boosts vitamin D status more efficiently, but may also play a unique role in helping the immune system fight off viruses and bacteria. The discovery is prompting scientists to rethink whether D3 should become the preferred choice for supplementation.

A new analysis is raising concerns about Wegovy, the blockbuster weight-loss drug, after researchers found it may carry the highest risk of a rare “eye stroke” that can cause sudden vision loss. The study, based on millions of FDA side-effect reports, found the risk signal was nearly five times stronger for Wegovy than for Ozempic, despite both containing semaglutide.

Scientists have created an AI-powered system that can scan and map an entire mouse body in extraordinary detail — and it just uncovered a surprising new effect of obesity. Beyond disrupting metabolism, obesity appears to damage facial sensory nerves linked to touch and sensation, while also triggering widespread inflammation across the body.

Scientists have identified potentially cancer-causing chemicals hiding in many everyday foods, especially those exposed to high heat cooking methods like grilling, roasting, smoking, and frying. The compounds, known as PAHs, can form during cooking or enter foods through contamination, raising concerns about long-term health risks.

A new clinical trial suggests that eating beef every day may not be as risky for people with prediabetes as many assume. Researchers found that adults who ate 6–7 ounces of beef daily for a month showed no worsening in blood sugar control, insulin function, inflammation, or other key markers linked to type 2 diabetes when compared to people eating poultry instead.

Getting enough vitamin B12 to meet current health guidelines may not actually be enough to protect the aging brain. Researchers at UC San Francisco found that older adults with “normal” but lower levels of active B12 showed signs of slower thinking, delayed visual processing, and more damage to the brain’s white matter — the communication highways that help different brain regions work together.

A surprisingly simple walking tweak may offer new hope for millions living with knee osteoarthritis. In a year-long clinical trial, researchers found that slightly changing the angle of a person’s foot while walking reduced knee pain as effectively as common medications — and even slowed cartilage damage inside the joint.

Loss of (m)Ca^(2+) efflux capacity contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by promoting mitochondrial Ca^(2+) ((m)Ca^(2+)) overload. Here, we utilized loss-of-function genetic mouse models to causally evaluate the role of (m)Ca^(2+) uptake by conditionally deleting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel (mtCU) in a robust mouse model of AD. Loss of neuronal (m)Ca^(2+) uptake reduced Aβ and tau-pathology, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline in...

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis declines with age, but the stress pathways that shape neural precursor cell (NPC) survival and lineage progression remain incompletely understood. Here, we tested whether ferroptosis-related vulnerability contributes to the regulation of hippocampal NPCs and their progeny. Using in vitro assays, transcriptomic analyses, and in vivo genetic and pharmacologic perturbations, we find that NPCs show features consistent with elevated susceptibility to ferroptotic stress...

Somatic stem cells are characterized by their low overall protein-synthesis rates, a feature implicated in driving their stemness. However, how aging reshapes the translational landscape of stem cells remains poorly understood. Here, we present an in vivo single-cell ribosome profiling strategy to monitor tissue-wide translational landscapes of the epidermis during aging. By implementing ribosomal elongation-inhibited cell isolation and switching to RNase I, we expand the applicability of...

Nutritional support for healthy aging is an active field of research. Bovine organ extracts, and glandular therapy in general, became popular in the 1900s, but their effect on healthy aging is unexplored, and their mechanisms of action are unclear. Here, we evaluated three bovine thymus materials with regards to their effect on healthy aging in C. elegans: two thymus extracts, a nuclear fraction (TNF) and a cytosolic fraction, and desiccated bovine thymus. All three materials extended C. elegans...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prolonged exposure to hypertriglyceridemia induced by overexpression of the human apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) gene, as well as the impact of age, on the liver of genetically modified mice. A total of 32 male mice, aged 5 and 20 months, were divided into transgenic (CIII) and non-transgenic (NTG) groups. Biochemical analyses of blood and morphological assessments of liver and adipose tissue were performed. ApoCIII overexpression resulted in...

Circulating proteins provide insights into an individual's health and aging trajectory. However, little is known about their long-term temporal stability. We evaluated the five-year temporal stability of 7288 serum proteins in 3093 participants (mean age 75 years) of the AGES-Reykjavik study. We observe wide variability in protein temporal stability, independent of transcriptomic stability in tissues. Temporally stable proteins tend to be extracellular, secreted, and tissue-specific, while...

Human immune responses vary across individuals due to both genetic and environmental factors. We previously established the Milieu Intérieur cohort to define boundaries of healthy immune variation and identify their determinants. To evaluate how immune responses change over time and test whether immune states can predict future disease, we conducted a 10-year follow-up of the cohort. Here we show widespread changes in humoral responses to pathogens over this period, including unexpected...

Carbon membranes yielding high selectivity as well as high permeance are attractive to advance the membrane-based gas separation. Herein, we report ultrathin carbon membranes (UCMs) which deliver enhanced gas separation performance through oxygen-modulated pyrolysis of poly(4-vinylpyridine) precursor. We show that O(2) in pyrolysis environment, transforms the otherwise uniform carbon network featuring a ~ 3.9 Å characteristic interlayer spacing into disrupted UCMs (d-UCMs). These d-UCMs possess...

Chronological age incompletely captures heterogeneity in biological aging. In this prospective study of 45,819 UK Biobank participants, we developed a multimodal ocular aging index (MOAI) by integrating ophthalmic phenotypes with plasma proteomic and metabolomic profiles using machine learning. The MOAI quantifies divergence between ocular biological and chronological age. Over 13.80 years of follow-up, accelerated ocular aging was significantly associated with higher risks of incident...

Nanoscale twin boundaries (TBs) effectively restrict the free motion of dislocations by intersecting with other TBs to realize high strength. However, the dislocations parallel to the TBs can glide along the TBs, resulting in detwinning for low strength. Herein, we present a triple-interlocked-nanotwinned (TIT) strategy for overcoming these inherent deficiencies. An Mg-9Li alloy was used as a proof-of-concept. The treated alloy had a large volume fraction of TIT interfaces (65.7%). It not only...

Amino acids are fundamental to human physiology, yet their impact on growth, development, and aging remains elusive. Here, we introduce AmiAge, a biological age predictor constructed using a Random Forest model trained on the concentrations of 18 amino acids across individuals aged 1 to 89 years. Leveraging data from 9 studies encompassing over 11,000 in-house and more than 270,000 publicly available samples with diverse demographic and genetic backgrounds, AmiAge demonstrates robust accuracy....

Mammals share a laminar cerebral cortex, with excitatory neuron subtypes organized in distinct layers. Although this framework is conserved, subtype balance varies markedly between species due to largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that species-specific neuronal composition arises from non-uniform scaling of the temporal dynamics of neurogenesis. Comparative histology of eight mammalian species reveals a significant, rat-specific expansion of the deep layer in the somatosensory cortex....

Systemic chronic low-grade inflammation increases with aging and contributes to the risk or progression of a myriad of chronic diseases. Greater midlife inflammation has detrimental effects on future health outcomes. However, few studies have quantified inflammatory markers from midlife longitudinal measurements. Here, we measured cytokines, chemokines, and clinical biomarkers of inflammation at three different time points in a cohort of middle-aged (mean age 48) African American and White men...