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Aging is associated with declining protective immunity and increased autoreactivity, yet the mechanisms linking these processes remain incompletely understood. B lymphocytes are central to this paradox because they integrate antigen recognition, innate signaling, and differentiation under tightly regulated tolerance checkpoints. This review advances the hypothesis that aging appears to drive a progressive, B cell-intrinsic relaxation of central and peripheral tolerance, leading to the...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a heterogeneous clinical state where some individuals remain stable while others progress to dementia. Identification of patients who are at high risk for near-term conversion remains a critical challenge for timely intervention. We developed an explainable multimodal machine-learning framework to predict progression from MCI to dementia within a clinically meaningful two-year period. We analyzed 2008 samples from 828 unique MCI subjects from the...

CONCLUSION: Faster gait speed was associated with a lower risk of mortality in adults aged 90 and older. These results were consistent across gender, race/ethnicity, and assistive device use, but differed by age group. Routine gait speed assessment may serve as a simple clinical tool to identify oldest-old adults at higher risk of mortality.

Researchers have found evidence that long COVID may damage dopamine releasing neurons in the brain, potentially explaining persistent fatigue, low motivation, slowed movement, and memory difficulties. The discovery could lead to new treatments that target the brain's dopamine system.

Stem cell transplants helped regenerate stroke-damaged brain tissue in mice, producing new neurons and restoring lost motor function. The treatment also improved blood vessels, inflammation, and the blood-brain barrier, raising hopes that a similar approach could eventually help repair the human brain after stroke.

A large study suggests the cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1 drugs such as Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound can disappear surprisingly quickly when treatment stops. After two years off the medications, patients had a 22% higher risk of heart attack, stroke, and death compared with those who stayed on them.

A new needle-thin brain implant can record neural activity, deliver drugs, and stimulate multiple brain regions using a single flexible fiber. Successful tests in mice suggest it could give scientists a more precise, less invasive way to study the brain and may eventually help treat neurological disorders such as epilepsy.

Chronic inflammation tied to stress, lifestyle, mental health, and socioeconomic conditions may silently change the heart for years before any symptoms appear. People with the highest inflammation levels faced a 43% greater risk of heart attack and stroke, raising hopes that earlier testing and anti-inflammatory treatments could help prevent serious heart disease.

The behavior, known as kleptoparasitism, marks one of the few well-documented examples of a cetacean stealing food

Scientists have found that the human brain develops from two distinct cellular systems, suggesting that evolution fused together two ancient nervous systems with very different jobs. The discovery also allowed researchers to grow human hindbrain neurons in the lab, opening new possibilities for studying ALS, spinal muscular atrophy, and other brainstem diseases.

The nuclear hormone receptor NHR-49, a homolog of mammalian PPARα and HNF4α, is a key transcriptional regulator of nutrition sensing and fatty acid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we examine the role of NHR-49 in reproduction, including oocyte activation and ovulation. Loss of NHR-49 causes inappropriate oocyte activation and laying of unfertilized oocytes in the absence of sperm, resulting in rapid loss of yolk and stored fat, and drastic shortening of lifespan. Conversely,...

Aging and tissue repair involve heterogeneous remodeling across transcriptional, biochemical and cellular dimensions, yet prevailing definitions rely on isolated molecular markers that obscure how these states co-evolve. Here we present RamanOmics, a multimodal framework integrating label-free hyperspectral Raman imaging with single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to link biochemical states with transcriptional programs at single-cell spatial resolution. Applied to young and...

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