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The presence of neuromelanin is a characteristic feature of the human substantia nigra (SN); however, the mechanism of its synthesis and its role in the development of Parkinson's disease remain unclear. Here, we report that the host defense enzyme lactoperoxidase (LPO), which possesses broad antimicrobial activity on mucosal surfaces, is selectively expressed in human dopaminergic neurons, a feature not shared by the rodent SN. We also demonstrate that LPO can catalyze multiple steps of melanin...

Aging strongly impacts CD8^(+) T cells, including the loss of naive cells and the emergence of age-associated GZMK^(+)CD8^(+) T cells (T(AA) cells). Although T(AA) cells constitute a major population in aged mice, the pathway underlying their differentiation remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that T(AA) cell development is cell extrinsic and requires antigen exposure within aged non-lymphoid tissues. Using a TNF^(Δ69AU/+) mouse model, we show that low-grade inflammation accelerates CD8^(+) T...

ObjectiveThis study examined whether older adults with informal, professional, or both types of care coordinators (CCs) reported different healthcare quality than those without CCs.MethodsData came from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study (n = 1,555) Module 10 on coordinated care. CC type and the helpfulness of professional CCs were independent variables. Outcomes included perceived confusion about care, conflicting advice from different providers, care satisfaction, and person-centered care....

By 2050, one-fifth of the world is expected to be over 60, and the prevalence of age-related neurological conditions is predicted to increase dramatically. Aged animals are currently underutilised in neurological research, leading to a gap in knowledge about the contribution of biological age to the pathophysiology of age-related neurological conditions. Additionally, it is unclear whether age-related changes differ across species used in preclinical models, and how these differences may compare...

Mitochondrial quality control is essential for maintaining neuronal function and resilience during aging, yet pharmacological strategies that effectively restore mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis remain limited. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary molecules may influence mitochondrial health, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we summarize our recent finding whereby we have identified a robust mitophagy inducer: α-amyrin (αA). This molecule is a...

As global populations age, active aging and lifelong learning have become critical policy objectives. In Taiwan, the Ministry of Education (MOE) promotes Older Adults' Self-Guided Learning Groups (OASLGs); however, the sustainability of these groups relies heavily on volunteer leaders. This study investigates the motivations and management processes of "Excellent Leaders" in OASLGs using a qualitative approach. Drawing on Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, we analyzed semistructured...

Agency’s temporary director says Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report needs external reviewers

As SpaceX readies its latest megarocket, engineer Stephen Whitmore explains why atmospheric reentry pushes materials to their limits

Experts say the lapse highlights that even new measures to control access did not safeguard deidentified patient information