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Waves of molten rock could be confounding observations of atmospheres on distant planets

Although upregulation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) excessively activates pro-inflammatory microglia through Aβ peptides, it remains unclear whether TLR2 regulates neuronal pyroptosis via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed TLR2 expression in peripheral blood from clinical samples and employed SH-SY5Y cells for initial screening. AD pathology was simulated by Aβ(1-42) stimulation, and pathway regulatory relationships were dissected through TLR2 knockdown, NF-κB...

White matter degeneration in aging drives cognitive and motor decline. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) and their precursors are central to this process. Their intrinsic aging, marked by differentiation failure, metabolic and mitochondrial deficits, and transcriptional epigenetic dysregulation, causes myelin thinning and axonal support loss. Degeneration is amplified by dysfunctional crosstalk: microglia clear debris poorly and turn inflammatory; astrocytes disrupt lipid balance and secrete inflammatory...

Lysosomes are responsible for clearing cellular waste and facilitating material recycling, thus playing a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and even in resisting the development of various diseases. Lysosomes are highly dynamic organelles. While typically exhibiting a vesicular morphology, lysosomes can remodel into tubular structures under specific conditions; this morphological plasticity underpins their functional complexity. Aging triggers significant lysosomal morphological...

CONCLUSIONS: Avoiding increases in perceived social exclusion could encourage the decision to donate, an important prosocial behavior, pending further longitudinal evidence. Cross-country comparisons are recommended.

CONCLUSIONS: We present a thorough genetic analysis of the relationship between HF, AD, and the intestinal-neuroimmune interaction, emphasizing the potential of GM and immune cells as therapeutic targets.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a central regulator of microglial activity and loss-of-function coding variants are major risk factors for late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). To better understand the molecular and functional changes associated with TREM2 signalling in microglia, we generated a TREM2 reporter mouse. In APP transgenic animals, bulk RNA-sequencing of isolated microglia sorted based on reporter expression highlighted TREM2 level-related changes in...

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we explored the association between ALM or sarcopenia and multiple health outcomes, highlighting the widespread impact of ALM on systemic health condition. These findings provide new epidemiological evidence on how ALM or sarcopenia influence the health status among the U.S.

N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) orchestrates RNA fate decisions through a dynamic interplay of writers, erasers, and readers, modulating splicing, stability, and translation. This review unveils how m⁶A fine-tunes senescence-associated pathways (p53/p21, p16-RB) with cancer-context-dependent duality-either as a tumor suppressor or promoter of progression/resistance. Leveraging single-cell and spatial omics, we dissect m⁶A's spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumor-immune ecosystems. We consolidate...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aging is a predominant risk factor for CVD. Cardiovascular aging is characterized by progressive structural changes at the cellular level and functional decline within the cardiovascular system, ultimately contributing to the onset and progression of CVD. These changes include alterations in left ventricular (LV) systolic...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Chronic pain, especially its intensity, is independently associated with reduced physical performance in older adults. These findings reinforce the need for primary care services to prioritize the identification and management of chronic pain to help preserve mobility and functional capacity in aging populations.

Decelerating gains in life expectancy (e(0)) in high-income countries have raised concerns about the future of human longevity. To enhance our understanding of these developments, we examine subnational (N = 450) mortality trends in Western Europe in the period 1992-2019. Between 1992 and 2005, gains in life expectancy were both substantial and widespread. Laggard regions experienced the fastest improvements, yielding rapid regional convergence. Between 2005 and 2019, however, gains in these...

Hypertension prevalence is increasing in both aging and younger populations, with high salt intake being a key environmental driver. Whether young and aged individuals exhibit similar physiological and molecular responses to salt loading remains unclear. This study compared hemodynamic and renal redox adaptations to salt loading in young (8-week) and aged (50-week) Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. Both groups developed salt-sensitive hypertension, but blood pressure (BP) elevation was markedly...

Physical and cognitive interventions, alone or combined, are recognized strategies to enhance cognitive function in healthy older adults, though their relative effectiveness remains debated. This study aimed to compare and classify the impact of such interventions on cognitive performance. Following PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified through searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with screening and data extraction procedures guided by the Cochrane...

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Agency may also be moving toward restricting use of embryonic stem cells

Study of parasitic blister beetles reveals a new form of chemical deception

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer are among the most devastating diseases worldwide. Epidemiological data indicate that the incidence of AD significantly decreases in patients with a history of cancer. However, whether and how peripheral cancer may affect AD progression is yet to be studied. Here, we find that peripheral cancer inhibits amyloid pathology and rescues cognition via secretion of cystatin-c (Cyst-C), which binds amyloid oligomers and activates triggering receptor expressed on...

Bowhead whales have the longest lifespan of all vertebrates, living over 200 years. The mechanisms responsible for their lifespan are mostly unknown. In a recent study in Nature, Firsanov et al.¹ reveal that bowhead whales have evolved more efficient DNA-repair mechanisms.