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Getting the recommended 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise each week may offer only modest protection against heart attacks and strokes. A large study suggests that substantially greater benefits may require roughly 560 to 610 minutes a week—nearly 9 to 10 hours of brisk walking, running, cycling, or similar activity.

A protein that evolved long before the human circulatory system may help unlock stronger cancer treatments. When C3 is produced inside tumors, it blocks immune-suppressing cells and gives immunotherapy a better chance to work. Researchers were even able to recreate this effect in resistant tumors, significantly improving survival in mice.

Changing how much sweet-tasting food people eat may not change how much they crave or enjoy sweetness after all. In a six-month trial, researchers found that people assigned to high-, low-, or average-sweetness diets showed no meaningful differences in their preference for sweet foods, body weight, or markers linked to diabetes and heart disease. Many participants also drifted back toward their previous eating habits once the trial ended.

Language is part of bill to fund government until mid-December

Astrocytes and APOE are strongly implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet the impact of astrocytes carrying different APOE variants on AD hallmarks remains incompletely understood. Here, we generate a chimeric model of AD by transplanting isogenic APOE3 or APOE4 human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocyte progenitors into neonatal AD mice. Donor cells differentiate into human astrocytes that integrate into the cortex and display morphologies consistent with interlaminar-like...

No abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are fundamentally linked to metabolic dysregulation within immune and glial cells. This review provides a systematic synthesis of immunometabolic reprogramming-encompassing glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation-in CNS-resident microglia, immunomodulatory astrocytes, and peripherally infiltrating immune cells (T cells, B cells, and neutrophils) across Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and...

Frailty, defined by multisystem physiological decline and heightened vulnerability to stressors, is typically associated with aging and chronic disease. However, its relevance in apparently healthy individuals remains poorly understood. Identifying frailty in this population could inform primary prevention, as these individuals often remain outside healthcare systems. We investigated the association between frailty and incident chronic conditions and mortality in middle-aged adults free of...

Despite the substantial variability in physical function among older adults, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterized, particularly within skeletal muscle. This study aimed to determine the patterns of DNA methylation in skeletal muscle associated with physical function in healthy older adults. We analyzed DNA methylation (EPIC v2 array; 875,554 CpG sites) in skeletal muscle from 92 healthy older adults (median age 74; 62% female). Associations were examined across five phenotypes:...

Rapamycin supplementation has been reported to extend life spans in numerous species, including Drosophila melanogaster, but a recent study in this laboratory revealed a marked life-shortening effect in y w male flies. The experiments reported here were performed to characterize conditions under which rapamycin could extend or shorten life spans in five fly strains. On a cornmeal/torula yeast-based medium, rapamycin extended life in one experiment, had no effect in six and was harmful in 19. On...

CONCLUSIONS: Grab bar installations provided by community paramedics to community-dwelling older adults with a prior fall resulted in a significant reduction in fall-related EMS activations. This prevention approach demonstrates high potential for community paramedicine to offer an evidence-based intervention targeting at-risk older adults.

Young patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have a better prognosis than the aged, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, we identified a population of IL-19^(+) monocytes derived from cranial bone marrow appearing in the brain after TBI. IL-19^(+) monocytes inhibit the glial hyper-response and promote neurological recovery after TBI through the IL-19/IL-20R axis, which is defective in aged patients. Further studies have proven that CX3CR1 on the IL-19^(+) monocytes is attracted...

Population aging represents one of the most significant social transformations of our time, with profound implications for health systems, social protection, and intergenerational solidarity. By 2050, 1 in 6 people globally will be aged 60 years or older, with the fastest growth occurring in low- and middle-income countries least prepared to respond. Alongside demographic shifts, sociocultural transitions-urbanization, changing family structures, and increased women's labor participation-are...

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are fundamentally linked to metabolic dysregulation within immune and glial cells. This review provides a systematic synthesis of immunometabolic reprogramming-encompassing glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation-in CNS-resident microglia, immunomodulatory astrocytes, and peripherally infiltrating immune cells (T cells, B cells, and neutrophils) across Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and...

Aging reshapes neurotransmitter systems through nonlinear and region-specific shifts that alter excitatory-inhibitory balance, weaken metabolic coupling, and destabilize large-scale neural networks. PET, MRS, molecular MRI, and optical imaging quantify elements of these trajectories, but modality-specific artifacts, cross-site variability, and limited spatial or temporal resolution fragment mechanistic interpretation. Artificial intelligence now enables the integration of these heterogeneous...

Teens who start using cannabis may experience slower growth in memory, attention, language, and processing speed. Their abilities often developed normally at first, then began leveling off while nonusers continued improving. THC appeared to be the most likely driver, especially for worsening memory.

Linus Pauling was widely mocked for claiming that vitamin C could fight cancer, especially after trials using vitamin C pills showed no benefit. Researchers now know that intravenous vitamin C reaches vastly higher concentrations and can behave more like an experimental cancer drug than an ordinary supplement. Early studies suggest it may damage vulnerable cancer cells, reduce treatment side effects, and possibly improve outcomes for some patients.

Blocking the glycine transporter SLC6A20 restored important brain signaling and improved social, communication, and repetitive behaviors in autism-related mouse models. The treatment also worked in human brain organoids and showed lasting effects in adult mice, suggesting the brain may remain more treatable later in life than previously thought.

Modeling suggests infamous “Kessler syndrome” would make the swarms unsustainable

A ten-month Antarctic experiment found that astronauts may struggle not only with loneliness but also with spending too much time around the same people. Frequent contact was linked to greater tension and mistrust, while the crew increasingly divided into cultural and language-based groups.