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For years, calcium and vitamin D supplements have been promoted as a simple way for older adults to protect their bones and prevent falls. But a massive review of nearly 154,000 people found that calcium, vitamin D, or a combination of both provided little to no meaningful protection against fractures or falls for most older adults.

A large-scale study suggests that men with higher levels of the amino acid tyrosine may have shorter lifespans, potentially losing close to a year of life expectancy. The finding is especially intriguing because tyrosine is commonly associated with brain health and is often used in supplements aimed at boosting focus and performance.

Mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG) is involved in several important cellular processes and has been implicated in multiple diseases. Accordingly, molecules modulating EndoG activity may have high therapeutic potentials. Searching for compounds affecting paternal mitochondrial elimination (PME) in Caenorhabditis elegans, we have identified resveratrol (RSV), a well-known natural compound, as a PME inhibitor. Interestingly, RSV exists as a mixture of trans- and cis-isomers, which interconvert...

The brain and body undergo coordinated changes throughout the life span, yet studies of aging have traditionally examined these systems as separate entities. Here we ask how brain health relates to aging and peripheral biomarkers of metabolic and vascular function, including body mass index, blood pressure, and blood biochemistry. We use multivariate pattern learning to identify generalizable patterns of covariance between multi-modal neuroimaging data (structural, functional, diffusion, and...

Hypoxia is a common stress encountered by animal tissues during development, physiology, and disease. To cope with hypoxic stress, cells remodel metabolic and signaling networks to preserve viability and function. Lysosomes serve as central hubs for metabolic control and intracellular signaling, yet their role in hypoxic adaptation remains unclear. Here, we identify the lysosomal calcium transporter TMEM165 as a hypoxia-responsive regulator of cellular homeostasis. Under hypoxic conditions,...

ObjectivesThis study examined the influence of hearing status and loneliness on verbal fluency trajectories in adults aged 60 years and older, assessing their contributions to baseline performance and longitudinal change over time.MethodsData were drawn from 4,929 participants in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with objective hearing assessment in 2018 and three waves of semantic verbal fluency and loneliness measured in 2018, 2020, and 2022. Latent growth curve models were estimated to...

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Chronic intestinal inflammation establishes a pro-senescent microenvironment that fuels the stepwise evolution from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to colorectal cancer. Although cellular senescence initially functions as a tumor-suppressive barrier, the persistent accumulation of senescent cells can promote disease progression through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Key SASP mediators, including VEGF, IL-8/CXCL8, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), reprogram endothelial...

Chronic moderate aerobic exercise promotes health in older adults and provides neuroprotection to patients with neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Parkinson's disease (PD). Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that facilitate interorgan communication. During exercise, they are selectively packaged with bioactive molecules termed "exerkines" and released into the blood. Exosomes protect their exerkine cargo, including DNA, RNA, and proteins, and facilitate their interorgan transit....

As the global population ages, effective strategies to attenuate or prevent neurodegenerative processes are becoming increasingly important. Gerobiotics, an emerging class of probiotic strains and their derived postbiotics, are considered promising geroprotective agents because of their potential to target fundamental mechanisms of aging, modulate the gut-brain axis, and attenuate age-related cognitive and functional decline. This review aims to synthesize existing evidence from preclinical and...

CONCLUSION: Plasma SVIP demonstrates significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than VCP for the detection of aMCI, suggesting its potential as a candidate blood-based biomarker pending large-scale pathophysiological validation.

Aging reshapes the architecture of human skeletal muscle, yet objective tissue-level markers that capture this process remain limited. We combined large-scale histology with deep learning to identify reproducible features of muscle aging and to test their biological relevance. We analyzed 974 hematoxylin-eosin whole-slide images from a population resource using a dual-attention convolutional neural network and an independent Mask R-CNN model to quantify nuclear size and density, verified by...

Aging is the primary risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by a progressive decline in cellular homeostasis. Central to this process is the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a convergent integrator regulator of metabolism that integrates nutrient sensing with cellular growth. While essential for development, chronic mTORC1 hyperactivity, termed mTORopathy, emerges during aging, driving a deleterious cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and...

A new oral GLP-1 medication helped people with type 2 diabetes dramatically improve blood sugar control and lose weight in a major clinical trial. The results suggest that highly effective diabetes treatments may soon become available in a much more convenient pill form.

Researchers used genome editing to block the production of red pigments in lettuce, causing other beneficial plant compounds to build up instead. The lettuce continued to grow normally, pointing toward a new way to create crops with customized nutritional profiles.