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A large European study revealed that a lower-calorie Mediterranean diet paired with exercise and coaching dramatically reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes. Participants who made these lifestyle changes were 31% less likely to develop the disease over six years. They also lost more weight and trimmed their waistlines compared to those following a standard Mediterranean diet alone.

Scientists have uncovered a hidden “sugar code” on the surface of human cells that could transform how diseases are detected. Using an advanced imaging technique called Glycan Atlasing, researchers at the Max Planck Institute mapped the tiny sugar structures coating cells and discovered that these patterns shift depending on what the cell is doing. Immune cells changed their sugar layouts when activated, and cancerous tissues displayed distinct surface signatures compared to healthy tissue.

Scientists discovered that eating grapes can actually change how your skin behaves at the genetic level. After just two weeks of daily grape consumption, volunteers showed signs of improved skin protection and reduced oxidative stress from UV exposure. Researchers say the effects appear widespread, even though every person’s genes responded a little differently.

Deep learning (DL) has shown success in predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, yet continuous measures such as cognitive assessment remain critical for richer prognosis, trajectory tracking and clinical trial enrichment. Current neurocognitive batteries are time-consuming, and the few DL models predicting cognition require expensive multimodal neuroimaging and longitudinal data. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most clinically accessible modality, on its own it struggles...

Disease-associated microglial states are thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, but characterizing them and their relationships to pathology remains challenging. Here we introduce CODEX-CNS-a multiplexed protein imaging technology with a custom data analysis pipeline for use in human brain samples. We profiled 704,706 cells in samples from the frontal cortex of 8 people with AD and 8 healthy controls and mapped features including blood-brain barrier, meningeal components...

Ageing represents one of the strongest non-modifiable determinants of insulin resistance (IR), a condition that extends well beyond impaired glucose handling and underling a broad spectrum of metabolic, cardiovascular, and neuropsychiatric disorders. In older adults, IR emerges from the progressive loss of physiological reserve across multiple organ systems rather than from isolated defects in insulin signalling. This narrative review examines the metabolic, inflammatory, and hormonal mechanisms...

Pregnancy-related cardiovascular complications cause substantial morbidity and account for a large proportion of maternal deaths. The relationship between maternal age and pregnancy-related cardiovascular complications remains unclear. Most prior studies categorized patients using an age threshold, and previous studies did not delineate patients' baseline cardiovascular risk versus pregnancy-specific risk. Here we show that pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with a 7-fold higher...

Loss of host-microbiota balance promotes gut inflammation, colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Yet, whether host or microbial factors are the critical driver of the pathology remains unclear. Here, we investigate how cardiolipin maintains metabolic fitness of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells to preserve gut-immune homeostasis. We discover that deleting the cardiolipin-synthesizing enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase mitochondrial 1 (PTPMT1) in T cells predisposes mice to colitis due to impaired...

Disease-associated microglial states are thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, but characterizing them and their relationships to pathology remains challenging. Here we introduce CODEX-CNS-a multiplexed protein imaging technology with a custom data analysis pipeline for use in human brain samples. We profiled 704,706 cells in samples from the frontal cortex of 8 people with AD and 8 healthy controls and mapped features including blood-brain barrier, meningeal components...

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Population ageing has led to an increase in prevalence of old-age disability but whether the risk of disability can be detected early remains unclear. We used ten functioning/fitness measures in early old-age to identify their predictive ability for disability at older ages. A total of 4593 participants of the Whitehall II study, mean age 65.3 years, were followed for a median of 11.00 (IQR 7.25-12.67) years for incident disability [≥ 1 limitation in activities of daily living (ADL)], and severe...

CONCLUSION: Targeted digital literacy programs and age-friendly technology designs are essential for maintaining cognitive health in older populations.

INTRODUCTION: Age-related declines in cognitive and motor functions show highly variable trajectories. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated multivariate associative effects between modifiable vascular risk factors, biological brain aging, cognitive, and motor performance in 40,579 individuals from the population-based UK Biobank and Hamburg City Health Study.

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and impaired glymphatic clearance. These dysfunctions may precede, contribute to, and interact bidirectionally with AD pathology, highlighting the importance of identifying physiological markers for the early detection of AD. Noninvasive approaches for assessing these processes and identifying early biomarkers remain limited. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a central role in clearing neurotoxins from...

Senescent cells accumulate with age following stress-induced cell cycle arrest triggered by DNA damage, oncogene activation, and replicative exhaustion. While they contribute to tissue repair and tumor suppression, their persistent senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) drive age-related diseases. The heterogeneity of senescent cell populations, particularly the distinction between primary and secondary senescence, remains incompletely understood at single-cell resolution. Here, we...

Ribosomes consist of approximately 80 distinct ribosomal proteins and rRNA. The genes encoding these ribosomal components are among the most highly expressed in growing cells. Changes in ribosome composition, such as those induced by oxidative stress, may compromise ribosome function. Such ribosomes are subsequently targeted for degradation. Additionally, under stress, both protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis are downregulated. Under starvation stress, excess ribosomes are degraded through...

Improving cognitively healthy survival is important for achieving healthy aging. Therefore, it would be valuable to estimate the future risk of either incident dementia or death in community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to develop a set of risk prediction models for either incident dementia or death that can be applied according to data availability across diverse clinical settings, using longitudinal data from community-dwelling older Japanese adults. A total of 8,334 participants...

Geroscience needs biomarkers that capture the progressive decline of integrated biological systems with age. Physical capacity, a direct manifestation of systemic integrity, is a core pillar of biological aging but is typically assessed through discrete clinical tests. Speech production, a complex motor act requiring coordinated respiratory, laryngeal, and articulatory control, shares fundamental physiological pathways with global physical function and may therefore serve as an accessible...

Scientists in South Korea have discovered that a probiotic bacterium found in kimchi may help the body flush out tiny plastic particles before they can build up in organs. In lab tests, the kimchi-derived microbe clung tightly to nanoplastics even under conditions designed to mimic the human intestine, where other bacteria quickly lost their grip.