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Teen cannabis use linked to slower memory and thinking growth
Teens who start using cannabis may experience slower growth in memory, attention, language, and processing speed. Their abilities often developed normally at first, then began leveling off while nonusers continued improving. THC appeared to be the most likely driver, especially for worsening memory.
Vitamin C may fight cancer — but not the way scientists once thought
Linus Pauling was widely mocked for claiming that vitamin C could fight cancer, especially after trials using vitamin C pills showed no benefit. Researchers now know that intravenous vitamin C reaches vastly higher concentrations and can behave more like an experimental cancer drug than an ordinary supplement. Early studies suggest it may damage vulnerable cancer cells, reduce treatment side effects, and possibly improve outcomes for some patients.
New autism therapy shows surprising benefits even in adult mice
Blocking the glycine transporter SLC6A20 restored important brain signaling and improved social, communication, and repetitive behaviors in autism-related mouse models. The treatment also worked in human brain organoids and showed lasting effects in adult mice, suggesting the brain may remain more treatable later in life than previously thought.
Planned satellite megaconstellations could generate runaway space debris
Modeling suggests infamous “Kessler syndrome” would make the swarms unsustainable
Scientists tracked 12 people in Antarctica for 10 months—what happened could shape future Mars missions
A ten-month Antarctic experiment found that astronauts may struggle not only with loneliness but also with spending too much time around the same people. Frequent contact was linked to greater tension and mistrust, while the crew increasingly divided into cultural and language-based groups.
Temporal changes in metabolism guide oligodendrocyte precursor cell dynamics in aging and multiple sclerosis
Impaired oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation limits myelin renewal in aging and contributes to multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. How aging drives OPC deficits remains incompletely understood. We find dysregulation of genes associated with the circadian clock, including Bmal1, and metabolism in aged compared with young OPCs. Targeted loss of Bmal1 in OPCs drives metabolic dysfunction, leading to cellular senescence and impaired dynamics. OPC proliferation and differentiation...
Artificial intelligence-based whole-body skeletal muscle volume predicts long-term mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
CONCLUSION: AI-based CT volumetry identifies low skeletal muscle volume as an independent predictor of long-term mortality after TAVI. Muscle quantity, rather than muscle quality, appears to be the dominant prognostic determinant. AI-driven body composition analysis may serve as an imaging biomarker of biological aging and reduced physiological reserve in older adults undergoing TAVI.
Briefing Chat: Is DNA repair the secret to a long life? Whales and mole rats offer tantalizing hints
No abstract
Large-scale whole-genome sequencing reveals the landscape and health implications of de novo mutations
De novo mutations (DNMs) are an important source of congenital diseases. With delayed parenthood and assisted reproductive technology (ART) use increasing, it is essential to elucidate how these reproductive factors influence DNMs and whether resulting mutations influence offspring health. Here we performed whole-genome sequencing of 24,030 individuals from 7,851 parent-offspring families, identifying 390,924 de novo single-nucleotide variants (dnSNVs). Paternal and maternal aging exhibited...
Corpus callosum fractional anisotropy from routine diffusion tensor imaging predicts dementia in older adults beyond clinical risk factors
Dementia arises from multifactorial neurodegenerative processes, with growing evidence implicating blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and vascular injury as contributors to progressive brain tissue damage. Because decline in white matter microstructural integrity is a prominent feature of brain aging, biomarkers that capture this process may improve dementia risk stratification beyond conventional clinical factors. Fractional anisotropy (FA), derived from diffusion tensor...
Effects of Physical Activity on Brain White Matter Integrity Are Region-, Dose-, and Age-Dependent: Findings From the Population-Based Rhineland Study
White matter integrity is a sensitive marker of cerebrovascular health and aging. Physical activity may promote white matter health, but previous studies were limited by self-reported activity and small sample sizes. We examined the association between accelerometer-based physical activity and novel indices of white matter integrity while identifying potential mediators. We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data from 4188 participants (58% women, mean age: 55.4 years) of the Rhineland Study, a...
Delirium in Hospitalized Trauma Surgery Patients Cared by Geriatric Trauma Co-Management and Standard Care: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
CONCLUSION: GTC in older trauma patients helps identify delirium and potentially reduces the need for antipsychotics and improves mortality. A randomized controlled trial is needed to verify these findings.
Submillennial timescales of eruptible rhyolite magma: Converging evidence from Aira Caldera, Japan
Recent studies debate whether caldera-forming silicic magma is primarily stored in a crystal-poor, eruptible state for >100,000 years (kyr) ("warm storage") or exists as a crystal-rich "mush" with defrosting events causing brief periods (<1 kyr) of eruptibility ("cold storage"). To address this, we examined Aira Caldera (Japan), where the 400-cubic kilometer Aira-Tanzawa (AT) eruption (30,000 years ago) was preceded by three smaller eruptions over 3.5 kyr. All eruptions consist of roughly...
Ly6d expression delineates two putative postnatal thymus epithelial progenitor cells that are differentially affected by aging
To date, the identity and maintenance of postnatal thymic epithelial progenitor cells (TEPCs) remain unclear, as does the persistence of bipotent TEPCs after birth or whether lineage-restricted progenitors independently maintain separate TEC compartments. Using an inducible lineage-tracing system based on expression of the thymoproteasomal protein β5t, which is expressed in embryonic and a subset of postnatal TEPCs, we explored the early dynamics of the relationships between thymic epithelial...
Prolonged Oxidative Stress Drives p53/p21-Mediated Senescence and Degenerative Adaptation in Kidney-Derived Cells
Chronic oxidative stress has long been implicated in renal pathologies, but whether sustained oxidative damage primarily promotes chronic kidney disease (CKD) or tumorigenesis remains unclear. To address this question, we investigated the long-term effects of oxidative stress on human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells chronically exposed to a low dose of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2), 50 μM H(2)O(2)) for 9 months, generating two adapted lines, 50R30 and 50R45. These cells exhibited enhanced...
SIRT1 in brain aging: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of pharmacological and natural modulators
Aging is a multifactorial process affects different tissues and organs and is modulated by genetic and environmental factors. In aging, the frequency of DNA repair errors and genomic instability are augmented. Depletion of endogenous antioxidant capacity during aging promotes the development of oxidative stress which triggers oxidative stress-induced DNA injury. Brain aging is manifested by cognitive impairment and memory disorders. Development of neuronal senescence is the major pathway in the...
Identification and phenotypic profiling of subgroups with distinct cognitive aging trajectories
Cognitive aging is shaped by genetic variation, environmental factors, and health-related conditions. Until now, it is largely unclear why some individuals maintain their cognitive function, and others show progressive cognitive decline. This study uncovered determinants of distinct cognitive aging trajectories in the older population. To approach the inter-individual variability in cognitive aging, we clustered n = 696 dementia-free individuals from the prospective TREND study based on their...
Aging is associated with altered estrogen receptor expression and alters redox protein balance in human female skeletal muscle
It has been hypothesized that age‑related declines in skeletal muscle and vascular function in females may be partly estrogen‑dependent. This study investigated skeletal muscle protein expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), and their association with proteins involved in redox regulation and vascular function, in relation to age, menopausal status, and lifelong physical activity. Skeletal muscle biopsies were...
Distinct amyloid-β filament fold in individuals with APP Flemish mutation
The dominantly inherited Flemish mutation-an A692G substitution in the amyloid precursor protein, corresponding to an A21G change in amyloid-β (Aβ)-causes a rare, early-onset form of Alzheimer disease characterized by pronounced cerebral amyloid angiopathy and unusually large senile plaque cores. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of amyloid filaments extracted from the postmortem parietal lobes of two individuals representing the only two known Flemish pedigrees worldwide....
Alzheimer's disease-linked Flemish APP mutation defines a distinct amyloid-beta fold
No abstract