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In recent years, the immune metabolism of central nervous system cells has gained increasing attention from researchers. Microglia (MG) are innate immune cells of the central nervous system. They can metabolize a wide range of energy substrates. The pathways and products generated through these processes play a critical role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This paper provides a comprehensive review of metabolic reprogramming in MG during AD. It focuses on the three...

Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) are abundant across cancers, yet their phenotypic diversity and functional states remain poorly defined. Here, we introduce a cell-type probability classifier that recovers low-transcript neutrophils from scRNAseq datasets, enabling pan-cancer analyses of TAN heterogeneity. Across >190 human and murine tumors, we identify a conserved differentiation trajectory that culminates in a terminal CCL3^(hi) state. This state exhibits pro-tumor transcriptional...

Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less organelles formed through liquid-liquid phase separation of proteins and RNAs, serving as temporary repositories for biomacromolecules to protect cells under stress conditions. Impaired SG disassembly is closely implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and aging, yet the mechanisms regulating SG dynamics are incompletely investigated. The constituents of heterogenous SGs are complicated and broadly categorized as core and shell components. In contrary to...

As individuals age, cortical alterations in brain structure contribute to cognitive decline. However, the specific patterns of age-related changes and their impact on cognition remain poorly understood. This study assessed the effects of aging on individual gray matter similarity networks and compared them to anatomical and functional connectivity networks derived from diffusion-weighted imaging and resting-state fMRI, respectively. Our results showed that gray matter similarity networks...

Biopsychosocial frailty, a new construct combining modifiable physical, psychological, and social domains, was associated with increased risk of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and their subtypes. The aim of the present study was to estimate the role of biopsychosocial frailty on the incident risk of cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, i.e., myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and definite stroke. From the eight municipalities of the population-based Italian...

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CONCLUSIONS: Financial decision-making power is a significant and potentially modifiable factor associated with mental health among older adults, representing an underexplored pathway for promoting healthy aging, with effects partially mediated through ADL and leisure engagement. Mental health promotion strategies should seek to preserve older adults' household financial decision-making power while supporting functional independence and social engagement.

Brainstem white matter (WM) bundles are essential conduits for neural signals that modulate homeostasis and consciousness. Their architecture forms the anatomic basis for brainstem connectomics, subcortical circuit models, and deep brain navigation tools. However, their small size and complex morphology, compared to cerebral WM, makes mapping and segmentation challenging in neuroimaging. As a result, fundamental questions about brainstem modulation of human homeostasis and consciousness remain...

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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in small vessel walls, often coexisting with Alzheimer's disease due to impaired Aβ clearance. However, the spatial distribution of Aβ within the human brain remains unclear as the vascular network's complexity and scale hinder visualization by conventional thin-slice analysis. To address this, we performed three-dimensional (3D) volumetric imaging of the cerebrovascular network and Aβ...

Ovarian aging, recognized as one of the initial signs of systemic aging, is marked by a progressive reduction in both the number and quality of oocytes, which has a profound effect on female fertility. In spite of the advancements in assisted reproductive technologies, these methods fail to tackle the fundamental molecular mechanisms that drive ovarian senescence. Recent surveys have underscored the significant role of epitranscriptomic regulation, especially the N6-methyladenosine (m6A)...

CONCLUSION: This review demonstrated the potential applicability and value of obstetric teleultrasound. This novel care model is everchanging and new devices/systems capable of telesonography are of clinical and scientific relevance. Presently, additional high-quality evidence is required, particularly using teleultrasound in a clinical context, whilst ensuring sufficient methodological detail and consistent outcome reporting.

Older adults are susceptible to infections in part due to waning of immune memory. To uncover mechanisms of a long-lasting immune memory, we contrasted varicella zoster virus antigen-specific memory T cell responses in adults vaccinated at young (<20 years) or older age (>50 years) with a live-attenuated vaccine conferring durable protection only when given at young age or with an adjuvanted component vaccine eliciting long-lasting immunity in older adults. Unlike VZV-specific CD4^(+) T cells,...

The first 5 hours of aging in biomass burning plumes can strongly affect ozone photochemistry. We examine how volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides, and nitrous acid influence hydroxyl radical, ozone, and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) based on three aircraft campaigns over the United States. Our analyses reveal variable, highly elevated hydroxyl radical concentrations in the first 2 hours, resulting in evident fire-to-fire variability in VOCs oxidation and in ozone and PAN production....

CONCLUSIONS: EWGSOP2 algorithm is a valid tool even in hospitalized older patients, and each step enhances the predictivity of the algorithm; however, SARC-F and muscle strength can still be valuable tools for negative clinical outcomes when body composition data are not available.