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ObjectivesThis study explores the relationship between marital status, living arrangements, and aging well among Chinese adults aged 50 and older.MethodsUsing data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we developed a multidimensional measure of aging well (physiological, functional, cognitive, psychological, and subjective). Analysis was based on a five-category typology of marital and living arrangements.ResultsA clear hierarchy emerged in the findings: married individuals co-residing...

A study of nearly 5,800 adults found that heart scans measuring calcium buildup in the arteries led to the same observed rate of major cardiovascular events as traditional risk assessments, despite recommending statins to far fewer patients. Surprisingly, patients advised to take statins based on their scans were nearly three times as likely to stick with their medication, raising intriguing questions about how doctors should identify and treat heart disease risk.

Full-fat dairy may not be the health villain it has long been portrayed as, according to a new study finding that three daily servings did not worsen weight, cholesterol, or insulin resistance over 12 weeks. Researchers also observed improvements in blood pressure and nutrient intake, raising questions about longstanding recommendations to choose low-fat dairy.

A surprising new study suggests that an anti-aging drug could help protect people genetically predisposed to Alzheimer's disease. Researchers found that just four weeks of low-dose rapamycin improved brain blood flow in healthy middle-aged adults carrying the high-risk APOE4 gene variant, with women showing the strongest benefits. Because declining blood flow can occur years before Alzheimer's symptoms appear, the discovery raises hopes for preventing or delaying the disease before memory loss begins.

Scientists have uncovered a surprising link between Alzheimer’s-related protein buildup, disrupted brain waves during deep sleep, and fading memory. The findings suggest that hidden changes in how the brain processes memories overnight may contribute to age-related memory loss long before Alzheimer’s symptoms appear.

Scientists have developed a revolutionary gel that could regrow lost tooth enamel by harnessing minerals naturally found in saliva, potentially overcoming one of dentistry’s biggest limitations. The regenerated enamel behaves much like healthy enamel, raising hopes for a simple treatment that could repair damaged teeth, prevent decay, and reduce sensitivity.

Scientists have solved a decades-old mystery and uncovered a hidden immune system defense that protects healthy cells from the very inflammation meant to fight infections. The surprising discovery could lead to new approaches for treating cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and other conditions involving excessive inflammation.

Tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation and propagation of toxic extracellular forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau across brain regions. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, are known for clearing and degrading toxic proteins. However, emerging evidence suggests that microglia also enhance tau spreading. To dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial responses to extracellular tau, we use...

Spatial multi-omic technologies measure multiple molecular layers within intact tissues. Two central challenges are vertical integration, which combines different molecular modalities, and horizontal integration, which aligns cell types across studies. Here we show domain invariant representation through adaptive calibration (DIRAC), a geometric deep learning model that unifies these tasks in a generalized domain adaptation framework. DIRAC learns task-discriminative features that are...

The immune-fibrotic axis functions as a vicious feedback loop where age-related chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation (inflammaging) drives maladaptive tissue repair and fibrosis, while senescent fibrotic cells in turn amplify systemic inflammation. In the aging heart, immune dysregulation and fibroblast activation drive tissue scarring and stiffening and a higher risk of heart failure and vascular disease. To identify cardiac regions and cell types affected with age, we monitored...

Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, continues to be investigated for hypothesized physiological, disease prevention, and longevity benefits, but few studies have been conducted in humans. Using US national organ transplant registry data, one of the largest real-world datasets examining chronic rapamycin exposure in humans, we compared the Kaplan-Meier survival age distribution of 4885 kidney transplant recipients prescribed rapamycin compared to 6589 recipients not prescribed rapamycin. Recipients...

Cellular senescence, a permanent state of cell cycle arrest, can result either from external stress and is then called stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), or from the exhaustion of cell division potential giving rise to replicative senescence (RS). Despite numerous biomarkers, distinguishing SIPS from RS remains challenging. We propose claudin-1 (CLDN1) as a potential cell-specific marker of SIPS in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In our study, VSMCs subjected to RS or SIPS...

CONCLUSION: Among Chinese adults aged ≥ 65 years, the cMIND diet Q2 group was significantly associated with BADL disability, while the overall cMIND diet was significantly associated with IADL disability, supporting its potential role in promoting functional independence during aging.

Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan in animals and plants, but its evolutionary causes are elusive. The prevailing explanation is that DR prolongs life by shifting resources from reproduction to somatic maintenance. To test this idea in Caenorhabditis elegans we developed an experimental paradigm that tricks nematodes into increasing their reproductive effort under DR via food odour cues. Although DR improved survival, experimentally increased reproduction under DR did not reduce either...

To define the role of pyroptotic macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and to elucidate whether EVs-mediated transfer of miR-103a-3p drives mitochondrial dysfunction in granulosa cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from public GEO datasets were analyzed to characterize pyroptosis-associated features in ovarian macrophages across age groups. EVs were isolated from pyroptotic macrophages and applied to granulosa cells (KGN) to assess mitochondrial...

Sirtuins are a family of enzymes that regulate cell homeostasis through pathways impacting genomic stability, mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, inflammation, and autophagy. In the skin, these pathways protect against extrinsic insults, maintain keratinocyte stem cells, and contribute to the overall structure and integrity of the skin barrier. Sirtuins decline with chronologic age, with UV exposure also impacting their activity, resulting in a loss of this homeostasis. There are 13...

CONCLUSION: This study highlights that both a high baseline TyG index and a persistently elevated TyG trajectory are strongly associated with increased all cause mortality among older adults in southwestern China. Regular health check-ups and early interventions targeting elevated TyG levels may help promote longevity and improve health outcomes in this population.

Age-related skeletal muscle decline (sarcopenia) contributes to frailty and mortality, yet how sex influences muscle aging and dietary interventions remains unclear. Using the short-lived vertebrate Nothobranchius furzeri, we investigated how sex and intermittent fasting (IF) interact to regulate lifespan and skeletal muscle aging. We establish an IF regimen that extends lifespan in both males and females, despite trade-offs including reduced growth and reproductive output. Importantly, IF...