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Getting the recommended 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise each week may offer only modest protection against heart attacks and strokes. A large study suggests that substantially greater benefits may require roughly 560 to 610 minutes a week—nearly 9 to 10 hours of brisk walking, running, cycling, or similar activity.

A protein that evolved long before the human circulatory system may help unlock stronger cancer treatments. When C3 is produced inside tumors, it blocks immune-suppressing cells and gives immunotherapy a better chance to work. Researchers were even able to recreate this effect in resistant tumors, significantly improving survival in mice.

Changing how much sweet-tasting food people eat may not change how much they crave or enjoy sweetness after all. In a six-month trial, researchers found that people assigned to high-, low-, or average-sweetness diets showed no meaningful differences in their preference for sweet foods, body weight, or markers linked to diabetes and heart disease. Many participants also drifted back toward their previous eating habits once the trial ended.

Teens who start using cannabis may experience slower growth in memory, attention, language, and processing speed. Their abilities often developed normally at first, then began leveling off while nonusers continued improving. THC appeared to be the most likely driver, especially for worsening memory.

Linus Pauling was widely mocked for claiming that vitamin C could fight cancer, especially after trials using vitamin C pills showed no benefit. Researchers now know that intravenous vitamin C reaches vastly higher concentrations and can behave more like an experimental cancer drug than an ordinary supplement. Early studies suggest it may damage vulnerable cancer cells, reduce treatment side effects, and possibly improve outcomes for some patients.

Blocking the glycine transporter SLC6A20 restored important brain signaling and improved social, communication, and repetitive behaviors in autism-related mouse models. The treatment also worked in human brain organoids and showed lasting effects in adult mice, suggesting the brain may remain more treatable later in life than previously thought.

Modeling suggests infamous “Kessler syndrome” would make the swarms unsustainable

A ten-month Antarctic experiment found that astronauts may struggle not only with loneliness but also with spending too much time around the same people. Frequent contact was linked to greater tension and mistrust, while the crew increasingly divided into cultural and language-based groups.

Impaired oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation limits myelin renewal in aging and contributes to multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. How aging drives OPC deficits remains incompletely understood. We find dysregulation of genes associated with the circadian clock, including Bmal1, and metabolism in aged compared with young OPCs. Targeted loss of Bmal1 in OPCs drives metabolic dysfunction, leading to cellular senescence and impaired dynamics. OPC proliferation and differentiation...

CONCLUSION: AI-based CT volumetry identifies low skeletal muscle volume as an independent predictor of long-term mortality after TAVI. Muscle quantity, rather than muscle quality, appears to be the dominant prognostic determinant. AI-driven body composition analysis may serve as an imaging biomarker of biological aging and reduced physiological reserve in older adults undergoing TAVI.

No abstract

De novo mutations (DNMs) are an important source of congenital diseases. With delayed parenthood and assisted reproductive technology (ART) use increasing, it is essential to elucidate how these reproductive factors influence DNMs and whether resulting mutations influence offspring health. Here we performed whole-genome sequencing of 24,030 individuals from 7,851 parent-offspring families, identifying 390,924 de novo single-nucleotide variants (dnSNVs). Paternal and maternal aging exhibited...

Dementia arises from multifactorial neurodegenerative processes, with growing evidence implicating blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and vascular injury as contributors to progressive brain tissue damage. Because decline in white matter microstructural integrity is a prominent feature of brain aging, biomarkers that capture this process may improve dementia risk stratification beyond conventional clinical factors. Fractional anisotropy (FA), derived from diffusion tensor...

White matter integrity is a sensitive marker of cerebrovascular health and aging. Physical activity may promote white matter health, but previous studies were limited by self-reported activity and small sample sizes. We examined the association between accelerometer-based physical activity and novel indices of white matter integrity while identifying potential mediators. We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data from 4188 participants (58% women, mean age: 55.4 years) of the Rhineland Study, a...

CONCLUSION: GTC in older trauma patients helps identify delirium and potentially reduces the need for antipsychotics and improves mortality. A randomized controlled trial is needed to verify these findings.

Recent studies debate whether caldera-forming silicic magma is primarily stored in a crystal-poor, eruptible state for >100,000 years (kyr) ("warm storage") or exists as a crystal-rich "mush" with defrosting events causing brief periods (<1 kyr) of eruptibility ("cold storage"). To address this, we examined Aira Caldera (Japan), where the 400-cubic kilometer Aira-Tanzawa (AT) eruption (30,000 years ago) was preceded by three smaller eruptions over 3.5 kyr. All eruptions consist of roughly...

To date, the identity and maintenance of postnatal thymic epithelial progenitor cells (TEPCs) remain unclear, as does the persistence of bipotent TEPCs after birth or whether lineage-restricted progenitors independently maintain separate TEC compartments. Using an inducible lineage-tracing system based on expression of the thymoproteasomal protein β5t, which is expressed in embryonic and a subset of postnatal TEPCs, we explored the early dynamics of the relationships between thymic epithelial...

Chronic oxidative stress has long been implicated in renal pathologies, but whether sustained oxidative damage primarily promotes chronic kidney disease (CKD) or tumorigenesis remains unclear. To address this question, we investigated the long-term effects of oxidative stress on human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells chronically exposed to a low dose of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2), 50 μM H(2)O(2)) for 9 months, generating two adapted lines, 50R30 and 50R45. These cells exhibited enhanced...

Aging is a multifactorial process affects different tissues and organs and is modulated by genetic and environmental factors. In aging, the frequency of DNA repair errors and genomic instability are augmented. Depletion of endogenous antioxidant capacity during aging promotes the development of oxidative stress which triggers oxidative stress-induced DNA injury. Brain aging is manifested by cognitive impairment and memory disorders. Development of neuronal senescence is the major pathway in the...

Cognitive aging is shaped by genetic variation, environmental factors, and health-related conditions. Until now, it is largely unclear why some individuals maintain their cognitive function, and others show progressive cognitive decline. This study uncovered determinants of distinct cognitive aging trajectories in the older population. To approach the inter-individual variability in cognitive aging, we clustered n = 696 dementia-free individuals from the prospective TREND study based on their...