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Moderate calorie restriction lowered an immune protein called C3 that appears to help drive chronic inflammation as the body ages. Blocking the same protein reduced age related inflammation in mice, raising the possibility that future treatments could mimic some benefits of calorie restriction without severe dieting.

Britain’s postwar sugar rationing created a rare natural experiment that let researchers examine how early sugar exposure might affect health decades later. People who experienced more rationing during their first 1,000 days had lower rates of several cancers and showed signs of slower biological aging. They were also still eating less sugar and maintaining healthier diets around age 50.

A compound found in turmeric may help protect blood vessels from some of the damage caused by Type 1 diabetes. In rats, curcumin reduced inflammation, improved cellular signaling, and restored vascular health to levels resembling those of nondiabetic animals. The results hint at a possible new way to reduce the long-term cardiovascular risks of diabetes, but human trials are still needed.

Aging is a primary risk factor for chronic diseases, yet its progression varies among individuals and between sexes. Here, under the X-Age Project, we profiled the clinical aging phenome of the Multicentric Chinese Aging Study (mCAS) through a cross-sectional analysis of 172 clinical measures from more than 100,000 participants aged 18-98 years across three centers. These profiles enabled sex-specific clinical aging clocks that revealed divergent aging trajectories between women and men during...

Aging-associated inflammation is a driver of multiple age-associated diseases. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) contributes to inflammaging by responding to endogenously-derived cytoplasmic DNA in aged cells. Although cGAS-knockout (KO) mice are viable, their aging has not been characterized. Unexpectedly, we found that cGAS KO mice exhibit an accelerated-aging phenotype, with induction of inflammation in multiple organs. cGAS KO mice display shortened median lifespan and increased frailty...

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The gut microbiome profoundly influences host aging, yet the specific microbes and mechanisms governing divergent aging trajectories remain elusive. In this study, we delineated enterotype-specific gut microbial remodeling during aging and developed a microbiome-based aging clock (MicroAge) to track biological aging trajectories. We identified Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (B. pseudocatenulatum) as a candidate geroprotective species consistently depleted during aging across both sexes and...

Women in their mid-30s experience a marked decline in fertility. The origin of these fertility defects resides in the implantation capacity of the embryo itself, but the mechanistic basis of this impairment is not well understood. Here we identify a core mechanical defect in embryos from aged females that impairs their implantation competence. Using mouse models, we find that reproductive ageing drives excessive contractility in the trophectoderm, the outer epithelial lineage that enables...

Cognitive decline in aging impacts quality of life, for which therapeutic interventions are lacking. Why some individuals experience more severe cognitive decline with aging is unclear. Here we uncover a role for the brain's myelin-forming cells-oligodendrocytes-in explaining this variance. By investigating neuropathological and transcriptomic changes in human white matter associated with individual rates of cognitive decline in aging, we find that worse cognitive trajectories unexpectedly...

Lipoic acid is an essential cofactor for mitochondrial multienzyme complexes, and mutations in the lipoyltransferase LIPT2 cause severe metabolic and neurological defects in humans. In Drosophila, two independent lipT2 loss-of-function alleles cause severe physiological abnormalities in homozygotes. Here, we show that heterozygotes for these same alleles exhibit significantly extended lifespan and delayed age-dependent decline in locomotor performance. Metabolic analysis revealed no major...

CONCLUSIONS: Central and bridge symptoms may represent effective intervention targets for anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults living alone. Clinical interventions should consider geographic disparities in symptom presentation.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a cardinal pathophysiological feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), repeatedly exposes the heart to hypoxia-reoxygenation stress. The cardiac outcome of CIH, however, may depend on the biological state of the target myocardium. Here, we investigated whether a pre-existing aging-related myocardial susceptibility lowers the tolerance threshold for CIH-induced injury and whether Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) contributes to the enhanced vulnerability of...

INTRODUCTION: The ability to perceive spatial changes is crucial for everyday life. However, the effects of age on multisensory integration in spatial change detection are still less researched. Here, we investigated whether audio-visual stimulation enhances spatial change detection compared to auditory-only processing, and whether older adults benefit more from multisensory stimulation than younger adults.

A wavelength of light largely missing from indoor LEDs may play an important role in protecting developing eyes from nearsightedness. Researchers found that indigo light completely prevented myopia in tree shrews, whose eyes share important similarities with human eyes. The discovery raises the possibility that future indoor lighting could be redesigned to more closely mimic sunlight and potentially reduce childhood myopia.

Early-life stress may physically alter how DNA is packaged in the brain, leaving stress-related genes primed to activate more easily years later. In mice, researchers were able to block this effect, preventing the heightened anxiety and stress sensitivity that otherwise appeared in adulthood.

New data add weight to idea that immunization protects against more than just the chickenpox virus

A low-carb diet may raise LDL cholesterol much more sharply in people who are genetically predisposed to high cholesterol, particularly when they consume lots of saturated fat. The findings could help explain why people following seemingly similar diets can have dramatically different results.