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A large study of older adults in Brazil found that adding extra salt at the table is still a common habit, especially among men. While too much salt is linked to serious health problems and faster cognitive decline, researchers discovered that women’s salt-shaking habits were tied more closely to lifestyle and diet.

For decades, pancreatic cancer has been one of the most lethal cancers, with few effective treatment options. A new drug, daraxonrasib, targets the KRAS mutation that fuels most pancreatic tumors—something many scientists once thought couldn't be done. In a major clinical trial, the treatment nearly doubled survival for patients with advanced disease and reduced the risk of death by 60%.

Letter also blames Trump for letting China surpass United States in research spending

Whether new neurons contribute to human cognition in old age remains debated. Recently in Cell Stem Cell, Tosoni et al.¹ show that immature-neuron transcriptional programs persist in the aged dentate gyrus and that their molecular state, not simply their abundance, tracks Alzheimer's pathology and cognitive resilience.

Impairments in axonal transport have been implicated in the pathogenesis of tauopathies, including frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease, yet the underlying mechanisms and reversibility of these deficits are largely unknown. In particular, the impacts of tau mutations, phosphorylation and aggregation on axonal transport in vivo remain controversial. By using two-photon imaging of axonal transport of BDNF granules in the mouse cortex, we reveal that deficits in axonal transport arise in...

Integrating spatial transcriptomics, which maps gene expression location within tissues, with single-cell multi-omics data, profiling gene expression and chromatin accessibility (or other epigenomic data) for the same cell, offers powerful insights into gene regulation. However, commercially available kits for simultaneous spatial multi-omics profiling are currently unavailable, hindering widespread data generation. Here, we present ISON (Integrated Spatial Omics Network), a unified...

GWAS typically focus on SNPs, often excluding complex genetic variants, such as short tandem repeats. Here, we report the results of GWAS analyses systematically assessing the role of short tandem repeats, both imputed and directly genotyped by whole genome sequencing, on risk for Alzheimer's disease in a large collection of ~330,000 individuals (3287 cases; 47,048 Alzheimer's disease-by-proxy cases, 283,111 controls) from the UK biobank. Using short tandem repeat genotype data, we identify 15...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not an inevitable outcome of pathology but a dynamic process shaped by how brain cells respond to amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. To disentangle these responses, we combined spatial transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the superior frontal cortex from octogenarians living with or without dementia and from cognitively intact centenarians with comparable Aβ accumulation. We identified six distinct tissue domains representing a spatial pathological continuum of...

Whether new neurons contribute to human cognition in old age remains debated. Recently in Cell Stem Cell, Tosoni et al.¹ show that immature-neuron transcriptional programs persist in the aged dentate gyrus and that their molecular state, not simply their abundance, tracks Alzheimer's pathology and cognitive resilience.

Lysine63 polyubiquitination is a prevalent post-translational modification in the central nervous system. Deficiency of CYLD, a lysine63-specific deubiquitinase, is linked to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorders. However, our understanding of how CYLD contributes to the manifestation of neuronal deficits, particularly in the context of ageing, remains limited. Here, we report that CYLD-1 is essential for physiological lifespan in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Neuronal...

The decline of glomerular filtration is a hallmark of aging. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a uremic toxin known to induce aging-like changes; however, whether its mechanism of action is similar remains unclear. We compare the underlying mechanisms of MG and aging using Drosophila nephrocytes as a model. In addition to lower body weight, reduced locomotion, and shorter lifespans, MG caused filtration defects and induced cellular senescence in nephrocytes similar to the effects of aging, with a...

CONCLUSIONS: EAA captures biological ageing signatures relevant to neurological disease, but interpretation is context dependent. Current evidence does not support routine clinical use. Improved standardisation and validation may clarify the role of epigenetic ageing in neurological disease vulnerability.

Older adults bear a substantial and increasing share of the cancer burden in Asia, yet its temporal trends, geographical heterogeneity, and inequalities remain insufficiently characterised. Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, we assessed cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) among adults aged 65 years and older across 34 Asian countries from 1990 to 2023, and examined demographic and epidemiological drivers, variations by location,...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not an inevitable outcome of pathology but a dynamic process shaped by how brain cells respond to amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. To disentangle these responses, we combined spatial transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the superior frontal cortex from octogenarians living with or without dementia and from cognitively intact centenarians with comparable Aβ accumulation. We identified six distinct tissue domains representing a spatial pathological continuum of...

Mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired proteostasis, and reduced stress resistance and resilience are aging hallmarks. At the core of these hallmarks, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) is a transcriptional pathway that restores mitochondrial proteostasis in response to proteotoxicity. Although the mtUPR is well studied in invertebrates and cell culture models, how the mtUPR is engaged in aged mammalian tissue is poorly defined. Here, we defined the extent to which repeated...

CONCLUSION: This study reveals immune dysregulation characterized by hyperinflammation-immunosenescence coexistence; a preliminary prediction model (TP, NLR, age, viral coinfection) requires prospective multicenter validation.

BACKGROUND: Existing research on social participation and later-life mental health often relies on fragmented classifications, pays insufficient attention to family-oriented contributory activities, and gives limited consideration to subgroup heterogeneity. To address these gaps, this study develops a contributory-developmental framework of social participation and examines the differential associations between various types of social participation and depressive symptoms among Chinese older...

A decline in specific antibody responses is a hallmark of human aging, yet the differential contributions of B and T lymphocytes remain unclear. CXCL13 is a chemokine that shapes germinal center (GC) organization, but the regulation of human-specific CXCL13^(+) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells during aging is not known. Using human tonsil organoids, single-cell RNA sequencing, and CRISPR perturbations, we mapped age-associated changes in Tfh cells, the cell type that provides help to B cells in...

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) weighs options during decision-making, but its role in inferring competing emotional states and how this process changes with age, remain unclear. We recorded brain activity with functional MRI while 20 young and 40 older adults inferred the emotions of actors shown in ecological yet controlled social interactions. Socially shared representations about the timing, accuracy, and uncertainty of emotional inferences were defined using response distributions from...