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Nuclear factor I (NFI) misexpressions in humans are associated with severe brain malformations, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that NFIs regulate the broad lineage progression and lifespan of radial glial progenitors (RGPs), thereby bidirectionally controlling neocortical development. Human cerebral organoids carrying patient-mimicking NFI mutations exhibit expression-level-dependent bidirectional impairments in RGP temporal development, coinciding with...

Oligodendrocytes are a specialized class of glial cells responsible for myelination, which sustains central nervous system (CNS) function. Though long considered a passive and static cell, the oligodendrocyte is now recognized to actively support axonal energy demands through metabolic provision, modify neural signaling in response to environmental stimuli through adaptive myelination, and repair or regenerate myelin following injury. However, oligodendrocytes become dysfunctional in aging and...

Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, rely on histone modifications and chromatin remodeling to sculpt their identity across the trajectory from development through aging. Recent studies have identified enhancer rewiring and metabolic-epigenetic coupling-exemplified by histone lactylation-as central drivers of microglial plasticity. Disruption of this regulatory balance drives the transition from homeostatic microglia toward disease-associated microglia (DAM) in Alzheimer's and...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves complex neuroimmune dysregulation, and the role of immune checkpoint pathways in regulating neuro-glial interactions and intrinsic glial homeostasis remains unclear. In AD, glial expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) is elevated in mouse models and human patients, suggesting involvement of immune checkpoint signaling in glial function. To define the role of this pathway in the AD brain, we locally modulated PD-1/PD-L1...

Insecticide resistance poses a major challenge to global pest management, yet its cascading effects on ecological networks remain poorly understood. Here, we show that target-site-resistant herbivorous insects can accumulate unmetabolized insecticides and inadvertently function as "toxic prey," impairing the fitness of their natural enemies. Using neonicotinoid- and spinosyn-resistant Myzus persicae and genetically modified Drosophila melanogaster, we demonstrate that resistant hosts surviving...

As the most popular hole-selective materials in efficient p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) still remain great challenges in long-term stability due to their frail construction and week bonding. To form a toughened donor-acceptor interface, here, we adopt an amine-rich cross-linking templates for SAM layer growth. The enhanced Coulombic interaction between polymer amines and SAMs promotes the formation of SAM growth networks, resulting in reduced...

Naïve T cells maintain quiescence yet must respond rapidly to antigens, but how they prime this capacity is unclear. We identify histone variant H2A.Z as a key regulator of an epigenetic training program that licenses quiescent naïve CD8^(+) T cells for future activation. H2A.Z deficiency disrupts naïve T cell homeostasis and effector responses. Multiomics reveals that H2A.Z is selectively deposited at oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) gene promoters in quiescent naïve CD8^(+) T cells, priming...

Oxidative stress, iron dyshomeostasis, and chronic neuroinflammation are the principal mechanisms involved in the progression of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, which are a significant source of death and chronic disability worldwide. This review focuses on understanding the mechanistic relationship between ferroptosis and neuroinflammation in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, which involves the molecular mechanisms, their role in the pathogenesis of the disease, and therapeutic...

Newer blood thinners may do more than prevent strokes in people with Alzheimer’s disease and atrial fibrillation. Researchers found that patients taking NOACs experienced a slower decline in cognitive function than those using warfarin or no blood thinners. The effect was modest each year but could add up over time.

Agency aims to select teams for milestone-driven competition by year’s end