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New solicitation excludes students in seven fields and science education

With a view 100 times larger than Hubble, the observatory will survey the cosmos for distant worlds and clues to dark energy

A low-carb diet may raise LDL cholesterol much more sharply in people who are genetically predisposed to high cholesterol, particularly when they consume lots of saturated fat. The findings could help explain why people following seemingly similar diets can have dramatically different results.

A neuroscientist is challenging the idea that the brain contains a central system that actually “makes” our decisions. What we experience as choosing may instead emerge from the continuous interaction of perception, movement, the body, and the world around us.

Older adults who received the Shingrix shingles vaccine were 24% less likely to be diagnosed with dementia over four years in a study of more than 500,000 people. Researchers estimate the difference could amount to roughly one dementia case prevented for every 17 people vaccinated.

Researchers have found a way to supercharge natural killer cells, powerful immune cells that can attack cancer, so they can penetrate solid tumors and keep fighting once inside. In mice, these specially prepared tissue-resident cells slowed the growth of several tumors, including melanoma and head and neck cancers, and worked even better when paired with the antibody drug cetuximab.

Airborne radiation sensors could help forecast and prevent drought-driven tree mortality

Stem cell-based therapies show promise for tissue regeneration but are limited by therapeutic instability, particularly in aged tissues. Here, multi-omics profiling of regenerating bone reveals marked depletion of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), indicating epigenetic dysregulation associated with impaired repair. To address this, we develop a spatially compartmentalized, fusogenic nanovesicle system (SMNV), termed a "nanoconcentrisome," composed of SAM-loaded fusogenic liposomes encapsulating...

Aging is a complex biological process governed by conserved genetic and metabolic pathways. Increasing evidence has identified the gut microbiota as a critical modulator of host aging and healthspan. The Caenorhabditis elegans model provides a powerful system to elucidate the molecular determinants of this cross-kingdom dialogue. Recent advances in this model organism reveal that gut microbes may regulate aging through two distinct yet convergent mechanisms: (i) the production of small-molecule...

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The introduction of anti-amyloid therapies for Alzheimer's disease challenged current care models, particularly for older adults with frailty. The potential low efficacy of anti-amyloid drugs in these patients may be attributed to chronic inflammation, impaired repair mechanisms, and multisystem dysregulation. Neuropathological studies suggested that the accumulation of common brain pathologies may contribute to progressive physical frailty in older age. At present, there is no certified...

CONCLUSIONS: While classical cell lines remain essential for initial mechanistic screening, establishing disease-level relevance requires validation through orthogonal readouts and high-fidelity human models, such as multicellular organoids or blood-brain barrier systems.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and prion diseases represent a growing global health crisis. Despite significant research efforts, disease-modifying therapies remain elusive. Immunotherapy, particularly vaccination, offers a promising avenue by leveraging the body's immune system to clear pathological protein aggregates central to these disorders. This review critically analyzes the historical trajectory, current advancements, and...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe cognitive dysfunctions and brain disorders. The emergence of deep learning methods provides a feasible way to develop effective representations for clinical diagnosis of brain diseases. In this study, we proposed a deep manifold representation learning network to characterize the alteration of functional brain connectivity for AD detection. The proposed framework used a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) to infer...

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), linked to impaired motor automaticity and cognitive control. Cognitive strategies like motor imagery (gait imagination, GI) and action observation (gait observation, GO) are used in rehabilitation, but their neural mechanisms are not well understood. This study used EEG to examine midfrontal oscillations during GI and GO in healthy controls (HC, n = 21), PD without FOG (PDFOG-, n = 16), and PD with FOG (PDFOG+, n =...

Somatic mosaicism originates from postzygotic errors and creates a unique genomic landscape in every cell and individual. The health impacts of somatic mutations range from neutral to severe, responsible for most cancers and contributing to neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and other multifactorial diseases. The molecular mechanisms driving this variability are diverse, dominated by replication errors of DNA polymerase ε in CpG contexts and by spontaneous cytosine deamination followed by...

Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, accompanied by impaired regenerative capacity. This study examined age-related changes in skeletal muscle regeneration and the associated expression of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and myogenin (MyoG). Male C57BL/6 mice aged 3, 13, and 23 months were subjected to barium chloride (BaCl(2))-induced tibialis anterior muscle injury. In parallel, C2C12 cells were exposed to...

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition often leading to hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive deficits and motor dysfunction due to elevated ammonia levels and neuroinflammation. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of resveratrol (RSV), a SIRT1 activator, in mitigating the cognitive and motor impairments associated with ALF-induced HE. SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase and mammalian ortholog of...

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are typically described at two levels: the accumulation of molecular pathology and the emergence of cognitive impairment. Understanding the relationship between pathology, often studied in animal models, and human cognition will require measurements spanning intermediate scales, including single neurons, neuronal populations, and distributed networks. Here we combine longitudinal measurements of behavior and neuronal population activity with fluid and...

CONCLUSIONS: Emergency diagnosis is common and associated with worse clinical outcomes in a wide range of conditions with diverse aetiology. Further research and investment to reduce the number of emergency diagnoses is needed, particularly for diseases where diagnosis in community settings should be expected (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis and COPD), and conditions such as coeliac disease, IBD, and MS, where emergency diagnosis is associated with particularly poor outcomes.