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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic loss. Existing therapies provide only modest symptomatic relief and fail to slow disease progression. Beyond its role in promoting pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) has shown neuroprotective effects in experimental ischemic stroke and spinal muscular atrophy. Here, we explored...

With elderly populations increasing in many countries, rates of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) are expected to rise worldwide in the coming years. Low-income and middle-income countries, where barriers to health care are most pronounced and research representation is limited, are predicted to experience the greatest increases in ADRD prevalence. Access to advanced diagnostic and research tools, such as neuroimaging, is severely restricted in these regions, but low-field MRI is...

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Regular physical activity is fundamental in promoting health and longevity. Numerous studies highlight the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic parameters, but uncovering the mechanisms underlying the complex cellular responses and adaptations remains challenging in humans. Thus, animal models, in particular rodent models, have been indispensable for unveiling the underlying biological responses to exercise. Studies with precise exercise designs and diverse genetic models are vital for...

In the adult brain, hippocampal activity precisely regulates the survival of newborn hippocampal neurons. However, the mechanisms by which these neurons acquire metabolites required for survival remain unclear. Using a genetically encoded glucose biosensor and in vivo imaging in freely moving animals, we tracked cellular glucose dynamics during contextual exploration. Newborn neurons recovered intracellular glucose slowly and expressed low levels of glycolysis- and glucose transport-related...

Male infertility is closely related to DNA double-strand breaks in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs); however, the precise mechanism still remains to be fully elucidated. While SIRT1 is a key regulator of DNA damage response and cellular senescence in other contexts, its role in SSCs is still poorly understood. In this study, human testicular single-cell RNA sequencing datasets were reanalyzed to characterize SSC transcriptional programs in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. Clinical...

Aging impairs the function of immune cells and increases susceptibility to diseases such as anxiety and dementia. Nevertheless, some individuals exhibit resilience to age-related impairments, although the mechanisms are still unclear. This study investigated alterations in brain mononuclear cells and their association with age-related behavioral deficits in male and female rats. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression of CD45, CX3CR1, and CD163 on brain CD11b+ cells. Aging rats...

The human cortical functional hierarchy, spanning from primary sensorimotor to transmodal association regions, represents a fundamental principle of brain organisation. Here, we show lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association (S-A) gradient in the cortical functional hierarchy using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants aged 32 postmenstrual weeks to 80 years. We identify three critical neurodevelopmental milestones: initiation (third trimester to perinatal period),...

Lactate significantly accumulates in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) to promote inflammation storm and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) senescence. However, eliminating the lactate efficiently and inhibiting the inflammation storm and NPCs senescence stimulated by lactate remains a challenge. Here, we show a lactate metabolism reprogramming reactor, which converts lactate to the inhibitor of NPCs senescence (alanine) through orthogonal tandem catalysis (OTC) reaction, thereby guiding the...

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