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Lipid envelopes allow cat “calling cards” to survive for months in the environment

Racing at 8% the speed of light, record-setting object orbits the Milky Way’s black hole every 8.7 years

Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a common complication in premature infants and is associated with a high risk of neurodevelopmental impairment and mortality. Currently, there are no specific neuroprotective treatments available. Exendin-4 is a drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it has shown neuroprotective effects in several neurological disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In this study, we used the preterm postnatal day 5 rat model of GMH to...

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Bone marrow stromal cells, marked by leptin receptor (Lepr) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (Cxcl12), orchestrate osteogenesis and maintain bone homeostasis. Following injury, these stromal cells directly generate reparative bone and subsequently restore the marrow microenvironment, a process widely regarded as a reliable regenerative response. However, it remains unclear whether stromal cells retain full regenerative capacity after prior injury. Here, we show that Lepr^(+)Cxcl12^(+) stromal...

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the most challenging neurodegenerative disorders, primarily due to the lack of reliable tools for its early and non-invasive diagnosis. Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles secreted by neural and peripheral cells, have emerged as promising biomarkers reflecting the molecular alterations associated with AD pathogenesis. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, with its capacity to capture unique biochemical fingerprints of biomolecules,...

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Our previous study identified CD4 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD4 CTLs) as a hallmark of supercentenarians. CD4 CTLs have primarily been studied in disease contexts; however, their role in healthy aging remains unclear. Using single-cell immune profiling, we analyzed T cells from supercentenarians and found that CD4 CTLs begin to expand around the age of 100, characterized by sequential CD27/CD28 loss without exhaustion. CD4 CTLs were dominated by large clones, with top clones averaging 33.3%,...

Air pollution is the leading environmental cause of disease burden worldwide and is increasingly recognized as a potent driver of accelerated biological aging. Rather than acting through organ-specific toxicity alone, air pollutants appear to affect the fundamental hallmarks of aging itself, including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, epigenetic dysregulation, telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence. The pollutants of greatest concern are fine and ultrafine...

Aging features two linked immune traits: immunosenescence and chronic low-grade inflammaging. Other than senescent lymphocytes, pathologically remodelled macrophages are key drivers of age-related immune dysfunction, mainly via tryptophan (Trp) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) and microbiota-related indole pathway. This review suggests a bidirectional amplification loop model, in which dysbiosis of the microbiota in the aged gut causes decreased production of microbial indoles and...

Tau protein aggregates adopt distinct conformations across tauopathies, yet the protein interactions engaged by disease-specific polymorphs remain poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that conformationally distinct tau polymorphs associate with disease-specific interaction networks across Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Interactome profiling of tau aggregates from PBS- and sarkosyl-soluble brain fractions identified 493...

Synucleinopathies, including idiopathic Parkinson's Disease, are driven by misfolding and aggregation of the 140 residue α-synuclein protein that plays a role in presynaptic vesicle regulation. We describe effects of a modifier, neuronal overexpression of the mouse calcium-activated potassium channel subunit Kcnn1, on a mouse model in which transgenic Thy1.2-driven human A53T α-synuclein directs fully penetrant lethal motor disease. Kcnn1 overexpression increased median survival of these mice...

Regulatory T (T(reg)) cells prevent autoimmune diseases but limit antitumor immunity. Tumor‑infiltrating Treg (Ti‑T(reg)) cells exhibit metabolic traits as potential antitumor targets. Here, we find that Ti-T(reg) cells upregulate glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1), increasing α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) levels. Elevated GDH1 in Ti-T(reg) cells accelerates tumor progression. Mechanistically, in a lactate rich microenvironment, GDH1 lactylation boosts α-KG production to fuel ALKBH5-mediated Wnt2...

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CONCLUSIONS: In our sample of studies evaluating CKD palliative care interventions, limited quality domains were addressed, a variety of measurement tools were used, and less than a quarter of studies were conducted only in older adults. Future research should address the holistic nature of palliative care, apply standardized instruments, and increase inclusion of older adults.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the adverse association of central adiposity and the limitations of BMI-only classification for mortality risk stratification in older adults.

CONCLUSIONS: Significant gaps exist in the integration of geriatric competencies across postgraduate medical training programs. Coordinated efforts are needed to integrate and assess these competencies to prepare physicians to care for aging populations.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that abdominal CT-derived liver attenuation and relative adiposity phenotypes may capture systemic tissue-level metabolic variations relevant to MRI-derived brain aging in women.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has long been framed around amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau pathology, yet mounting evidence indicates that dysfunctional microglia-astrocyte crosstalk is an important, and often underappreciated, contributor to disease progression that operates alongside-rather than in place of-neuronal, vascular, and proteinopathic mechanisms. Here we propose a three-stage framework in which glial communication transitions from silent vulnerability through organized defense to maladaptive...