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In Congress today, Trump science adviser Michael Kratsios faced critics of the proposals

Researchers are applying evolutionary theory to cancer by changing treatments before tumors have time to develop resistance. Mathematical models suggest that rapid, carefully timed switches between multiple therapies could improve cure rates.

A single dose of psilocybin produced measurable changes in brain activity and possible changes in brain structure that lasted for up to a month. Participants who experienced the greatest increase in flexible, varied brain activity also reported more personal insight and later improvements in well-being. The findings suggest that the psychedelic experience itself may help people break free from entrenched patterns of thinking.

For most adults, a daily caffeine habit may be safer for the heart than many people assume. A new American Heart Association review found that up to 400 milligrams of caffeine a day, roughly three to five cups of regular black coffee, is generally safe and may even be linked to lower risks of heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and Type 2 diabetes. But the source matters: highly concentrated energy drinks and shots can sharply raise blood pressure and trigger irregular heart rhythms.

Watching television very often in midlife may be linked to troubling brain changes decades later. In a study of about 1,700 adults, frequent TV viewers later showed smaller brain regions involved in memory, decision-making, and visual processing, along with more signs of damage in the brain’s white matter. Surprisingly, sitting itself did not appear to be the main issue, since people who spent long hours seated at mentally engaging jobs often showed healthier brain patterns.

New measurements could help explain how the planet’s magnetic dynamo churned for billions of years

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) via proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) offers a promising strategy for modulating disease-associated proteins, yet effective brain-preferred protein degradation remains challenging. Herein, we report a dual-function PROTAC, dACSL4, and its nose-to-brain delivery for brain-preferred protein degradation and therapeutic suppression of ferroptosis in neurodegeneration. dACSL4 selectively degrades acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) while...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, but the molecular events preceding neuronal loss remain unclear. Here, we combine spatial transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, and α-synuclein (αSyn) seed amplification assays to profile post-mortem midbrain tissue from controls, incidental Lewy body disease (iLBD), PD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and AD with Lewy body pathology (AD + LBP). We find that αSyn seeding activity...

Early-life nutrition is linked to adult brain health, yet evidence from quasi-experimental studies remains scarce. Leveraging the UK's historical sugar rationing as a natural experiment, we examined whether early-life sugar restriction reduces the risk of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders in later life. Among 60,394 UK Biobank participants (born 1951-1956), three groups were defined: in-utero-only, in utero plus 2 years, and non-rationed controls. Compared with non-rationed...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The LSA did not show evidence of predictive validity for adverse outcomes among middle-aged and older Canadian adults after a 3-year follow-up. This may be because of the CLSA sample being relatively highly functioning at baseline, the 3-year-long gap in assessment, and the low prevalence of adverse outcomes in this sample. Further research is needed to determine the usefulness of the LSA for predicting these adverse outcomes at the population level.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Machine learning models demonstrated substantial predictive performance with interdisciplinary team-determined follow-up interval categories among community-dwelling older adults. Explainable artificial intelligence analyses highlighted the contribution of multidimensional geriatric assessment domains to individualized follow-up planning. These findings support the potential role of artificial intelligence-assisted decision support in home-care scheduling, although...

Meningeal (dural) lymphatics are essential for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance to cervical lymph nodes, yet the precise pathway is incompletely understood. Using a multifaceted approach in mice, we examined tracer dynamics and the CSF outflow pathway from the subarachnoid space (SAS) to the nasal mucosa and identified a discrete arachnoid region surrounding the olfactory bulbs with abundant fenestrations. Similar arachnoid fenestrations were found in cynomolgus monkeys. Fluorescent tracers...

Senescent cells in the aging and diseased brain are increasingly recognized as highly heterogeneous catalysts of dysfunction, originating from diverse cell types and characterized by wide-ranging molecular signatures and functional outcomes. Additionally, technological advances in single-cell transcriptomics and mouse modeling have helped reframe senescence from a static fate to a dynamic trajectory that is heavily influenced by evolving environmental cues. In this review, we identify key hubs...

Changes in the gut microbiota occur throughout the human lifespan, and maintaining microbial homeostasis plays a critical role in promoting healthy aging. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanistic links between aging and microbiota remodeling, highlighting the central role of microbiota-host interactions in regulating immune responses and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. These findings provide new potential targets for the precision prevention and...

Chronic inflammation increases with age and contributes to cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, yet the mechanisms underlying this process remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify an increased frequency of pro-inflammatory myeloid cells in aged mice and humans, characterized by elevated production of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. These cells are enriched in the breast tumor microenvironment and are associated with accelerated tumor progression. Using heterochronic parabiosis...