Aging & Longevity

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are highly prevalent among older adults and associated with increased Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk, but underlying mechanisms linking T2D and obesity to cognitive impairment remain partially understood. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)-derived oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) provides a noninvasive MRI-based marker of cerebral metabolism and may capture early alterations in brain physiology. In this single-center, cross-sectional...

Due to increase in life expectancy, aged population is growing exponentially, globally which has impact on human health as well as biomedical research. Research highlighted coordination between aging and arthritis where aging is the underlying hallmark of arthritis progression. Despite knowing the route of pathogenesis regarding most prevalent joint disorders like Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA); efficient curable approach is still challenging. Worldwide 7-8% populations suffer...

The increasing prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and age-related disorders has been linked to a growing mismatch between modern lifestyles and the biological rhythms that regulate human physiology. Chrononutrition, which explores the interaction between meal timing, circadian rhythms, and metabolism, has emerged as a promising strategy to improve metabolic health and support healthy aging. This review examines the molecular and physiological foundations of...

With the global aging population, age-related neurodegenerative diseases and cerebrovascular diseases have become major public health challenges. As a modifiable lifestyle strategy, dietary intervention shows significant potential in delaying brain aging and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Caloric restriction (CR) and dietary restriction (DR), two important nutritional intervention approaches, exhibit substantial neuroprotective potential through multiple...

Chromatin structure is essential for gene regulation and genome stability, as neurons must preserve their 3D genome organization throughout life. This structure gradually deteriorates with aging and is further disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate whether aging and neurodegeneration share early chromatin changes or diverge, we perform Hi-C on cortical neurons from adult, aged, and brain-specific SIRT6-knockout (S6-KO) mice and compare them to the previously published Hi-C data...

As primary immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), microglia maintain immune surveillance, inflammation regulation, cell interactions and debris clearance. These dynamic and adaptive effector functions are reciprocally sustained by microglial metabolism. Lipids are emerging as a key programmer of microglial metabolic and functional flexibility in conditions of homeostasis, cellular stress, and pathology. The delicate equilibrium in microglial lipid homeostasis is dependent on the...

Odor is a powerful contextual cue that can influence memory and is closely linked to brain regions involved in episodic memory, including the hippocampus. Age-related olfactory dysfunction is among the earliest behavioral changes associated with cognitive decline and may contribute to memory impairments in older adults. Hippocampal pattern separation, or the process of reducing interference among similar experiences, provides a sensitive measure of age-related memory decline, yet little is known...

CONCLUSION: Greater ten-year ASCVD risk was consistently associated with cognitive impairment independent of plasma AD biomarkers, with evidence that p-tau181 modifies these associations and that their magnitude varies across racial and ethnic groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Our survey results indicate that older adults preferred to seek and receive HHC through traditional medical settings. These data were collected prior to the pandemic and before some of the recent OTC policy changes; nonetheless, they align with more recent findings and capture the attitudes of individuals who are likely still making HHC decisions today. These findings, therefore, provide contextual evidence about older adults' reported preferences against which future studies of...

Testosterone levels decline progressively with age from the third decade of life, impairing spermatogenesis and contributing to age-related disorders, underscoring the importance of enhancing endogenous testosterone production. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) promotes testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells (LCs), yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that DNMT1 expression is downregulated in aging rat testes and senescent LCs in vitro, correlating with reduced testosterone...

Cognitive impairment affects 30%-80% of patients with heart failure, yet the mechanisms beyond reduced brain blood flow remain poorly defined. Here we show that circulating factors released during heart failure trigger senescence of brain blood-vessel endothelial cells, which in turn drives synaptic loss and cognitive decline through crosstalk between endothelial cells and microglia, the brain's immune cells. Using a pressure-overload model (transverse aortic constriction) combined with plasma...

Chronic social deficits (persistent feelings of being lonely or isolated) have been linked to premature mortality, yet the underlying physical and mental pathways remain unclear. This study used data from 4,090 older adults in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a longitudinal panel study. Using outcome-wide analyses, we assessed how the chronicity of social deficits was associated with 17 health outcomes across physical, mental, cognitive and behavioural health domains. Regression models...

The buried interface between the charge transport layer and the overlying perovskite absorber is critical yet difficult to probe in perovskite solar cells. Because light enters through the transparent substrate and is predominantly absorbed near this region, photo-induced degradation processes are partially initiated at the hidden buried interface. Here, we reveal that instability at the buried SnO(2)/perovskite interface triggers structural and chemical decomposition of the perovskite layer. To...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects women, yet mechanisms underlying this sex difference remain unclear. Histone variants are overrepresented components of aging neuronal chromatin, but their contribution to AD is unknown. Here, we identify the histone variant H2A.Z as a sex-specific regulator of AD in the postmortem human hippocampus and in 5xFAD mice. H2A.Z occupancy decreased in female but increased in male AD patients. In females, reduced H2A.Z occupancy at the transcription...

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome defined by infection-triggered dysregulation of the host response, and its persistently high mortality and marked clinical heterogeneity remain major barriers to early risk stratification and individualized management. While the gut is increasingly recognized as a key modulator of the systemic sepsis response, current evidence does not support a universal, upstream causal role for intestinal alterations in the initiation of multi-organ injury. In this...

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) contributes to nearly 50% of the global heart failure (HF) cases, and remains a major clinical challenge because of its heterogeneous pathophysiology, substantial residual morbidity, and limited mechanism-based treatment options. HFpEF is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous multisystem syndrome closely associated with aging, cardiometabolic comorbidities, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Cellular senescence and the...

Cellular senescence, characterized as a permanent arrest of cell proliferation, is triggered by various types of stress. Senescent cells are identified by markers, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. These senescent phenotypes have been observed in neurons, suggesting that cellular senescence may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Humanin (HN), an endogenous...

In mammals, a small population of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is established shortly after birth. These cells self-renew and produce sperm for the male's reproductive lifespan, passing the genome on to the next generation. Establishment of a population of SSCs with high genomic integrity is essential. SSCs are derived from a much larger precursor population of male germ cells (MGCs) that differentiate during fetal life. During the last third of gestation, MGCs undergo a prolonged period of...

CONCLUSION: Impaired appetite and increased inflammatory biomarkers are independently linked to mobility loss. Appetite impairment might signal early nutritional and supportive care needs, but inflammation-targeted interventions require further study.

Non-invasive recordings of brain electrophysiology provide credible insights into decline in neuronal functioning with age. New approaches are required to translate these results into compelling clinical metrics and meet the global challenge of preserving brain health in ageing. Changes in neuronal dynamics with ageing are observable in the power spectra of EEG and MEG recordings. Highly promising candidates for electrophysiological markers have been identified, but progress is hindered by...