Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia, as defined by AWGS2019 criteria was independently associated with early POCD in elderly individuals after hip fracture surgery. When combined with age ≥ 80 years, it improves the identification of patients at high risk for early POCD.

CONCLUSION: Muscle density mediates the effect of hepatic steatosis on brain aging, supporting its role as a key modifiable factor within the liver-brain axis. These findings underscore the importance of preserving muscle quality to decelerate brain aging.

The Rohingya people have been subjected to egregious human rights abuses, culminating in a mass exodus to the Cox's Bazar district of Bangladesh in 2017. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding older persons within the Rohingya refugee community while also elucidating the present community support mechanisms crucial for their well-being, through a sequential mixed-methods approach. The study specifically focuses on older Rohingya persons aged 60 years and...

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundantly produced antibody isotype and mediates protection and homeostatic regulation at mucosal surfaces. Steady-state IgA production is supported by multiple pathways, including chronic germinal centers in gut inductive lymphoid tissues. However, we lack a detailed understanding of how IgA responses are temporally integrated across inductive and effector sites. Here, we dissect homeostatic IgA responses from the perspective of clonal repertoires in...

Replicative senescence is a powerful tumor suppressor pathway that curbs proliferation of human cells when a few critically-short telomeres activate the DNA damage response (DDR). We show that ATM is the sole DDR kinase responsible for the induction and maintenance of replicative senescence and that ATM inhibition can induce normal cell divisions in senescent cells. Compared to non-physiological atmospheric (∼20%) oxygen, primary fibroblast cells grown at physiological (3%) oxygen were more...

We analyze 10,986 participants (mean age 77; 63% women; 54% non-White) across seven U.S. cohorts to study the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy and nuclear DNA methylation. We identify 597 CpGs associated with heteroplasmy burden, generally showing lower methylation. These CpGs are enriched in dynamically regulated island shores and depleted in CpG islands, indicating involvement in context-specific rather than constitutive gene regulation. In HEK293T cells, we...

CONCLUSION: Self-reported oral functional limitation was significantly associated with frailty onset over 4 years, particularly among women. Incorporating oral function assessment into geriatric screening and community health programs may facilitate early identification of risk and the implementation of preventive strategies for frailty.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected millions worldwide, with aging being a key risk factor for severe disease outcomes. This study examines the rate of epigenetic aging, as measured by DNA methylation-based aging markers, in COVID-19 patients versus healthy individuals. We found that PCGrimAge, a next-generation epigenetic clock associated with immune dysregulation and inflammation, showed the strongest correlation with the chronological age of the European COVID-19 patients. Several other...

Aging humans and non-human primates both exhibit a similar pattern of cognitive decline beginning in middle age that is characterized by progressive impairments in rule learning, executive function, and working and recognition memory-functions often associated with dysfunction of prefrontal and medial temporal lobe regions. The heterogeneity and inter-subject variability in aging and age-related cognitive impairments present challenges for developing effective therapeutics and can be attributed...

Among the marine bioresources, sea urchins are emerging as a promising provider of bioactive compounds with broad therapeutic potentials, including for ageing and age-related diseases. This review highlights the therapeutic promise of sea urchin bioactive compounds, covering evidence from both laboratory and clinical studies. Compounds found in sea urchin such as carotenoids, polyhydroxynaphthoquinones (PHNQs), and flavonoids demonstrate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with notable...

Eukaryotic cells rely on mitochondria to fine-tune their metabolism in response to environmental and nutritional changes. However, how mitochondria adapt to nutrient availability and how diets impact mitochondrial disease progression, remain unclear. Here, we show that lipid-derived diets influence the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans carrying a hypomorphic wah-1/AIFM1 mutation that compromises mitochondrial Complex I assembly. Comparative proteomic and lipidomic analyses reveal that the...

Oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs) are neurotoxic byproducts of oxidative stress elevated in the central nervous system (CNS) during progressive multiple sclerosis (P-MS). How OxPCs contribute to the pathophysiology of P-MS is unclear. Here we show that stereotactic OxPC deposition in the CNS of mice induces a chronic compartmentalized lesion with pathological features similar to chronic active lesions found in P-MS. Using this model, we found that although microglia protected the CNS from...

CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings suggest potential benefits of the dance intervention for physical and psychosocial well-being among older adults, warranting further evaluation in larger, adequately powered randomized studies. Future research can investigate the pathways of how intergenerational dance intervention may enhance older adults' cognitive, physical, and psychosocial function over a longer term, as well as the relationships among these variables. Hence, more comprehensive and...

CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight unhappiness as the key factor in the sarcopenia risk network among older adults with diabetes. The key factors vary across different age and diabetes duration, highlighting the necessity of tailoring intervention strategies to individual patients. Objective support demonstrates a broad impact on sarcopenia risk across this population.

CONCLUSIONS: Different dimensions of smoking show robust and dose-response relationships with composite biomarkers-based BA acceleration. Our findings confirm that there is no safe level of smoking and emphasize the public health significance of achieving small but population-wide shifts in biological age by strengthening tobacco control measures.

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CONCLUSIONS: Multidomain geriatric indicators including anthropometric status (body mass index), walking aid use, cognitive function, age, and exhaustion can guide pragmatic, community-based screening for possible sarcopenia. Simple, accessible assessments of these predictors may facilitate earlier identification and referral, and should be considered in sarcopenia screening and prevention strategies.

CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with BHL did not show increased visual or somatosensory reliance and overall as a group showed similar balance performance to adults with normal hearing. Greater severity of hearing loss was associated with worse performance regardless of age. This study supports the role of regular exercise as protective against balance dysfunction in aging with or without hearing loss.

Life-history trade-offs between reproduction and survival are well documented, yet the biological mechanisms underlying costs remain unclear. Telomere length (TL) is a potential biomarker for such costs, although its association with reproductive efforts is mixed. Bats, particularly the long-lived greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), provide a rare opportunity to explore these dynamics due to their longevity and low reproductive rates. We examined telomere dynamics in 202 female R....

Age-related neurodegenerative diseases involve reduced cell numbers and impaired behavioral capacity. Neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits also occur during aging, and notably in the absence of disease. The cerebellum, which modulates movement and cognition, is susceptible to cell loss in both aging and disease. Here, we demonstrate that cerebellar Purkinje cell loss in aged mice is not spatially random but rather occurs in a pattern of parasagittal stripes. We also find that aged mice...