Aging & Longevity

Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (ZJ) is a traditional medicinal plant known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, yet its role in learning and cognitive regulation remains insufficiently explored. Huang Jing (Polygonatum sibiricum), a Qi- and Yin-tonifying herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine, has historically been used to combat fatigue, support brain function, delay aging, and regulate metabolic balance. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective and antioxidant...

CONCLUSION: Cardiometabolic risk factors play a significant role in late-life cognitive decline and death among older Indians. These longitudinal relationships from LASI-DAD highlight potentially modifiable risk factors and inform potential prevention policies.

CONCLUSIONS: Higher prevalence of clinically relevant depression in certain groups and increased risk possibly reflect unfavorable socioeconomic changes that occurred for the elderly population in Poland in the analyzed period.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming geriatric healthcare by improving early disease detection, optimizing patient management, and enhancing clinical decision-making. AI-driven tools, including machine learning (ML) algorithms, predictive analytics, and assistive robotics, are increasingly utilized to address challenges associated with aging, such as frailty, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and fall prevention. These technologies can facilitate personalized medicine, improve diagnostic...

This scoping review provides key trends in the use of the Delphi method applied to geriatrics and gerontology research, and documents key information that can be used in the planning of future Delphi studies, like recruitment rates, number of Delphi rounds and panelists, attrition, consensus definitions, and stakeholders engaged.

Worldwide, the population is aging. Most older adults would prefer not to move from their current residence; however, there are human resource challenges in home care service provision. Smart home technology has evolved over the past decades and could provide an adjunct to home care and potentially delay moving to a higher level of care. This paper provides an overview of supportive smart home technology, which expands smart home technology to enable feedback and action based on daily...

CONCLUSION: Twelve weeks of ST, but not PT, significantly increased circulating sαKL levels in pre-frail older adults. Given the beneficial health effects of increased sαKL, these findings suggest that ST may offer additional biological advantages relevant to healthy aging. sαKL may serve as a promising biomarker for training-induced adaptions, but prospective trials are needed to confirm long-term effects and further clarify underlying mechanisms.

Multimorbidity elevates late-life mortality, yet existing tools remain complex. Using two nationally representative Chinese cohorts-the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity and Happiness Family Study (CLHLS-HF; n = 8675) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, n = 4171)-we developed and externally validated a simplified, time-dependent, interpretable survival model. A four-stage feature-selection pipeline (univariate Cox, L1-penalized Cox, multi-model importance with...

Senescent cells secrete proinflammatory factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), contributing to tissue dysfunction and aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of senescence, influencing SASP via mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release and cGAS/STING pathway activation. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) also accumulates in the cytosol of senescent cells, activating RNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5, leading to MAVS aggregation and SASP induction....

Despite systemic viral suppression, people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain highly susceptible to pneumococcal colonisation and disease. Here, we show that long-term ART does not restore nasal mucosal immunity. Using flow cytometry, single-cell transcriptomics, and neutrophil functional assays, we identify a persistent mucosal immune signature in PLHIV-ART > 1 yr marked by epithelial-driven neutrophilic inflammation, T cell exhaustion, and cellular senescence....

CONCLUSIONS: Older adult's functional limitations and negative generalization of ageing may have prevented them from actively seeking health information and health-promoting behaviors. To enhance the intervention's effectiveness, the health education contents should be customized based on their health needs, functional capabilities, and readiness to change health behaviors.

We aimed to develop and validate a urinary miRNA aging clock, positioning urine as a scalable, non-invasive aging-biomarker source. Using machine learning on 6331 adults, our clock achieved MAE ≈ 4.4 years (R² ≈ 0.79) in independent validation. The clock's key biomarkers included well-established geromiRs miR-34a-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-155-5p. While slightly less accurate than DNA-methylation clocks, our model outperformed blood-based miRNA and mRNA clocks, underscoring urinary...

Aging is characterized by amplified inflammation, including proinflammatory macrophages and increased susceptibility to endotoxemia. Here we uncover a mechanism by which macrophages maintain their inflammatory phenotype through autocrine GDF3-SMAD2/3 signaling, which ultimately exacerbates endotoxemia. We show that inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages display an age-dependent increase in GDF3, a TGFβ-family cytokine. Lifelong systemic or myeloid-specific Gdf3 deletion leads to reduced...

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CONCLUSION: There was an association between depressive moods and oral frailty. In addition, a relationship between depressive moods and subjective oral dysfunction, such as chewing ability and dryness, was observed.

Oxytocin, a hormone linked to reproduction and health, may mediate life-history trade-offs across the human life course. Yet, how oxytocin naturally varies with age remains poorly understood. Here, working with the Tsimane, forager-horticulturalists of lowland Bolivia, we collected the largest sample of oxytocin measurements to date (n = 1,242 samples, n = 405 individuals, age = 2 to 84 y, 51% female), and i) examined how oxytocin varies throughout the life course in females and males, and ii)...

CONCLUSION: In this preliminary study, we observed a strong association between CSF Klotho levels and CP enlargement. Reduced CSF Klotho levels, due to CP dysfunction, may contribute to neurodegeneration. If confirmed in larger cohorts, this association suggests that CSF Klotho may serve as a biomarker for CP enlargement, possibly reflecting its underlying dysfunction.

Tests that can predict whether a drug is likely to extend mouse lifespan could speed up the search for anti-aging drugs. We have applied a machine learning algorithm, XGBoost regression, to seek sets of plasma metabolites (n = 12,000) and peptides (n = 17,000) that can discriminate control mice from mice treated with one of five anti-aging interventions (n = 278 mice). When the model is trained on any four of these five interventions, it predicts significantly higher lifespan extension in mice...

As a target organ in direct contact with external air, lung tissue is more susceptible to aging, and lung aging is closely related to the development of chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis. Evolutionarily speaking, the Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved and plays an important role in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration of a variety of cells. Alterations in...

Human brain aging involves a variety of cellular and synaptic changes, but how these changes affect brain function and signals remains poorly understood due to experimental limitations in humans, meriting the use of detailed computational models. We identified key human cellular and synaptic changes occurring with age from previous studies, including a loss of inhibitory cells, NMDA receptors, and spines. We integrated these changes into our detailed human cortical microcircuit models and...