Aging & Longevity

Ageing is associated with a loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function, termed sarcopenia. The presence of sarcopenia is known to be problematic leading to an increased risk of falls, fractures and mortality. Age-related changes in the gut microbiome, characterized by reduced diversity and altered metabolite production, may compromise intestinal barrier function, leading to increased permeability. These age-associated changes in the gut microbiome led to changes in circulating microbial...

Aqueous Zn | |I(2) batteries, involving I^(-)/I⁰/I^(+) redox, are promising yet usually facing low I(2) utilization dominated by I⁰/I^(+) redox, especially under high loadings. Unlocking alternative pathway to I⁰/I^(+) redox, preferably in noncorrosive dilute electrolytes, is a crucial solution. Here, we report a pathway towards more thermodynamically favorable I⁰/I^(+) redox, via a unique carbon-halogen bond substitution. This pathway is realized with a low-concentrated (0.7 M), noncorrosive...

Although aging is a universal event, some individuals are able to achieve extreme longevity. The Long-Life Family Study (LLFS) enrolls participants from families enriched with long-lived individuals, serves as a valuable dataset for studying ageing phenotypes and identify potential intervention targets. We analyzed the association between age at blood draw and 16,284 RNAseq-based blood transcriptomic data from 2,167 LLFS participants with ages ranging from 18 to 107, replicated the results in...

Changes in human survival and mortality patterns resulting in life expectancy (LE) increase are profoundly significant for society and critically depend on societal factors but cannot escape frames defined by biology. Demography, a social discipline, uses descriptive terms, such as survival curve rectangularization, mortality compression, lifespan disparity reduction, and mean (modal, median) lifespan increase, to define the beneficial changes thought possible due to deceleration of aging. The...

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Brain aging is characterized by neuroinflammation and lactate metabolic changes. However, the functional role of FGF21 in the aging brain and its influence on lactate homeostasis remains unclear until now. In the study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 2-month-old (control), 20-month (aging), and FGF21-treated aging mice (FGF21). We also examined the MAPK signals and astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) proteins in wild-type and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1-knockout (HCA1-KO) mice...

Aging is the strongest risk factor for dementia; however, few studies have examined the association of biological aging with incident dementia. We analyzed 6069 cognitively unimpaired women (mean age = 70.0 ± 3.8 years) in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study to examine the association of accelerated biological aging, measured with second and third-generation epigenetic clocks (AgeAccelPheno and AgeAccelGrim2, and DunedinPACE, respectively) with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and...

Skin aging is driven by both extrinsic factors, such as ultraviolet exposure, and intrinsic, chronological processes that lead to progressive deterioration in skin homeostasis and structure. Chronological aging is associated with replicative senescence and a range of molecular and cellular alterations, including genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired intercellular communication. The dynamic cross-talk between dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes is crucial for...

Cellular senescence is the core cytological basis for organismal aging and the development of age-related diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that senescent phenotypes can be maintained long-term even after the removal of senescence-inducing stressors, and may even affect daughter cells and offspring. This review systematically proposes an integrated theoretical framework of "aging metabolic memory", explaining the persistence, transmissibility, and potential heritability of aging from a...

Age-related alterations of the haemostatic system substantially contribute to the heightened thrombotic and bleeding risk observed in older adults. While age-associated changes in coagulation have been extensively characterised, impairment of fibrinolysis remains comparatively underexplored, particularly in the context of anticoagulation management. Ageing promotes a hypofibrinolytic milieu through endothelial dysfunction, chronic low-grade inflammation, cellular senescence, and structural...

Solubility regulates protein function, but how it is governed by aging remains elusive. Here, we utilized mass spectrometry to define the relative composition of the soluble and insoluble tissue/organ fractions during mouse aging. In the young, there is a wide (∼100-1,000×) range of insoluble/soluble protein ratios that differ tissue-specifically. With aging, some proteins become relatively more insoluble, while others are conversely regulated or unaffected. Age-related insoluble/soluble changes...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The present findings supported integrating oral health evaluation into nutritional screening in older age and geriatric comprehensive assessment, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary strategies to promote healthy aging.

CONCLUSION: Knowledge synthesized in this review provides insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying standing and walking in older adults. The findings of this scoping may lead to developing personalized interventions, such as using non-intensive brain stimulation, to target certain brain activity, which might eventually reduce the risk of falls and disability among older adults.

Selecting the most appropriate model organisms is crucial for studying ageing and ageing-related diseases. While vertebrate aging models offer valuable research feasibility due to their biological complexity and human relevance, their inherent lifespan limitations and high costs significantly restrict their experimental utility. The turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri, N. furzeri) is a relatively new animal model with the shortest lifespan among vertebrate models. We conducted a...

CONCLUSION: Although hearing care is available to Veterans, multi-level factors influence the delivery of hearing care and management for Veterans with severe hearing loss. Greater attention both in primary and specialty care is needed to ensure tailored treatments are available to Veterans with severe hearing loss across the integrated VA health care system.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. However, APOE-ε4 is not deterministic, highlighting the need to identify additional genetic and environmental factors. APOE-ε4 has been linked to accelerated cognitive decline, so we sought to investigate genetic factors that modify APOE-ε4-associated cognitive decline. We conduct cross-ancestry APOE-ε4-stratified and interaction GWAS using harmonized cognitive data from 32,778 participants, including...

Caloric restriction (CR) provides anti-aging benefits but has also been reported to be associated with reduced immune function, and how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) potentially contribute to this decline remains unclear. Using lifelong and short-term CR in male mice, we found reducing the energy supply decreases total white blood cell production and shifts hematopoiesis towards myeloid and thrombo-erythroid lineages, prioritizing cells essential for survival (red blood cells, platelets,...

Mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are increasingly recognized as a major cause of neurodegenerative disorders, owing to the role of mitochondria in neuronal energy metabolism and signaling. Here, we investigate MTNAP1 (mitochondrial nucleoid-associated protein 1) as a novel gene associated with an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Three affected probands from two unrelated families presented with global...

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