Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSIONS: Observational analyses link diabetes and prediabetes to poorer balance performance, and genetic evidence supports an association between diabetes liability and increased fall risk.

Host-associated microbiomes are compositionally stable across most of the life span, yet undergo consistent and marked deterioration during aging, a phenomenon linked to metabolic dysfunction and disease. What drives this late-life collapse remains poorly understood, in part because the mechanisms by which hosts actively construct and maintain the microbial niche during adulthood remain incompletely characterized. This Unsolved Mystery integrates evidence from immunology and ecosystem ecology to...

The menstrual cycle is a rich yet underused source of physiological information. To address this, we developed an open-source tool called WAVES (women's health assessment through variability in endocrine-related signals) that leverages physiological signals to extract menstrual cycle metrics and facilitate biomarker discovery. We tested it on basal body temperature data from 5674 nonconceptive cycles from 753 participants aged 18 to 42 years. We identified multiple associations between aging and...

Age-related cataract (ARC) is a severe vision-impairing disorder primarily caused by oxidative stress-induced senescence and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells (LECs). In this study, a sodium selenite-induced oxidative stress cataract model in neonatal rats was established to simulate the pathological progression of ARC. We found that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORA) exacerbates cellular senescence and oxidative damage by targeting prion protein (PRNP), and its...

Methionine restriction (MR) extends the lifespan and healthspan of numerous eukaryotic organisms, but the molecular mechanisms at play are unclear. Here we find that the ability of MR to extend the budding yeast chronological and replicative lifespans is the consequence of reduced methionine conversion to the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Mechanistically, the key antiaging event downregulated by MR is the methylation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). In chronological aging cells under...

CONCLUSION: It was found that nursing interventions in the observational group, compared to the control group, significantly improved satisfaction rates and alleviate complication rates. These findings suggest that various nursing intervention programs can effectively enhance rehabilitation outcomes in older patients following fractures.

CONCLUSIONS: The total IC score and components of each domain were associated with the risk of falls and functional decline after 5 years.

CONCLUSION: Community based intergenerational project offer a promising approach to address social isolation and promote well-being in elderly individuals while also enhancing intergenerational connections and community resilience.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a neurological disorder characterized by a high mortality rate for which there is currently no definitive cure. Research has demonstrated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) exhibit considerable potential in treating ICH. However, the advanced age of ICH patients and the necessary cell expansion before transplantation therapy could result in the senescence of ASCs, thereby compromising their viability and therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to...

CONCLUSION: This study identifies SP1 and SEPHS2 as key genes linking selenium to brain aging, providing new insights into the role of selenium in brain aging and suggesting that these genes may represent potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for brain aging and aging-related brain disorders.

Macrophage fate decisions during infection are commonly framed as receptor-proximal transcriptional choices. We propose that the functional outcome results from a "kinetic race," a dynamic proteostatic competition among protein synthesis, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and degradation. Building on experimental evidence of infection-induced proteostasis, we outline a conceptual "turnover-first" framework. In this model, we hypothesize that the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS),...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have attracted interest as gerotherapeutics, yet clinical-trial evidence for their effects on biological aging is lacking. We report a post hoc exploratory epigenetic age analysis of a 32-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial (NCT04019197) of semaglutide in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipohypertrophy (semaglutide n = 45; placebo n = 39). The parent trial's primary endpoint was change in...

.The uterine decidua is a key component of the maternal-fetal interface, and its senescence may be an important contributing factor to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Decidual senescence disrupts gestational homeostasis via cell cycle arrest, immune imbalance, and metabolic reprogramming, thereby potentially contributing to RPL. This review offers a new paradigm for understanding RPL etiology, with significant clinical value for improving reproductive outcomes.

Companion dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) offer a unique model for studying the gut microbiome and its relation to aging due to their cohabitation with humans, sharing similar environments, diets, and healthcare practices. Here, we present the Dog Aging Project (DAP) Precision cohort, a large population-wide study of the canine gut microbiome. This cohort encompasses over 900 dogs of diverse breeds, environments, and demographics living across the United States. Coupling fecal shotgun metagenomic...

Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) plays various roles in the ocean, acting as a signaling molecule at low concentrations and causing oxidative stress when accumulated. Here, we use transcriptomics, genetics, and metabolomics to study H(2)O(2) dynamics in the interaction between Emiliania huxleyi algae and Phaeobacter inhibens bacteria. We find that H(2)O(2) levels rise during algal death and that bacterial H(2)O(2) production triggers this demise. In co-cultures, but not in axenic algal cultures,...

DNA methylation changes are reliable biomarkers of aging, but the driving mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we present SCARLET (Stem Cells and Age-ReLated Epigenetic Trajectories), a parsimonious mathematical model that describes how methylation changes in blood arise and propagate through hematopoietic stem cell divisions. Using a large human cohort, we demonstrate that seemingly distinct age-related methylation patterns can be explained by a unifying mechanistic model. We show that...

CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility of estimating longer-term LTC cost trajectories based on early service utilization patterns, highlighting the potential role of care managers in shaping future cost trajectories. These findings may inform efforts to enhance the fiscal sustainability and quality of Japan's LTCI system.

The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) is known for its slow metabolism and deep-sea habitat. It is thought to be the longest-lived vertebrate on Earth, with an estimated lifespan of 392 ± 120 y. Despite its remarkable longevity and unusual lifestyle, no genomic studies are yet available for this species. Here, we report a chromosome-level assembly of the Greenland shark genome, which is 5.9 Gb in size with an N50 length of 233 Mb and a completeness score of 96.7%. Our analyses of gene...

Alternations of DNA methylation occur in aging, which is regulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). In this study, we show that even though the transcription of DNMT1, the only enzyme that maintains DNA methylation in the mammalian genome, is reported to be decreased in an age-dependent manner, the decrease of Dnmt1 mRNA does not result in a decrease of its protein. Instead, DNMT1 protein is increased in aged mouse tissues, which is responsible for the methylation of genes related to...

Oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by hydroquinone (HQ) increases the aging process, whereas antioxidants encourage longer lifespan by decreasing oxidative stress, making it ideal for research on mitigation of oxidative stress induced toxicity. Our study, explored 2'-hydroxyflavanone (2HF) and quercetin (QE) effects on HQ exposed Drosophila through gut toxicity assays (trypan blue) and survivorship (Kaplan-Meier plots) along with fertility and fecundity of female flies. Effects of the...