Aging & Longevity

Alternations of DNA methylation occur in aging, which is regulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). In this study, we show that even though the transcription of DNMT1, the only enzyme that maintains DNA methylation in the mammalian genome, is reported to be decreased in an age-dependent manner, the decrease of Dnmt1 mRNA does not result in a decrease of its protein. Instead, DNMT1 protein is increased in aged mouse tissues, which is responsible for the methylation of genes related to...

Oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by hydroquinone (HQ) increases the aging process, whereas antioxidants encourage longer lifespan by decreasing oxidative stress, making it ideal for research on mitigation of oxidative stress induced toxicity. Our study, explored 2'-hydroxyflavanone (2HF) and quercetin (QE) effects on HQ exposed Drosophila through gut toxicity assays (trypan blue) and survivorship (Kaplan-Meier plots) along with fertility and fecundity of female flies. Effects of the...

Population-based preventive trials are rare in psychiatry, especially in an aging population, and the effects of potentially modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as diet on mental health outcomes are largely unexplored. This study aimed to estimate the effects of an anti-inflammatory diet on mental health outcomes in older adults and the potential effect of lifestyle modification. A preventive population-based target trial was emulated using data from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the...

CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, this study recommends implementing dynamic regulatory strategies aligned with different development stages, formulating region-specific policies that account for spatial heterogeneity, and adopting targeted interventions focusing on key influencing factors, in order to systematically promote the high-quality coordinated development of healthcare services and older adults care services in China.

CONCLUSIONS: Higher daily step counts are independently associated with better quality of life, knee-specific function, and physical performance among community-dwelling Thai older adults. A target of 6,000-9,000 steps per day appears clinically meaningful and pragmatically attainable. Daily step count may serve as a practical and scalable metric to guide healthy aging strategies in Asian populations.

CONCLUSION: In this sample of older adults, worse hearing thresholds were associated with poorer performance on cognitive screening instruments and with lower hearing-related quality of life. These findings support further investigation of early hearing assessment and rehabilitation in older adults, and indicate the necessity of effective and timely auditory amplification, even in individuals with moderate hearing loss.

CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with pre-frailty and frailty value online nutrition education but require resources that are personalised, credible, and accessible across diverse learning needs. Findings highlight opportunities to embed consumer voices in resource design and provide future directions for refining the current online nutrition resource. This research contributes to evidence on consumer-informed digital nutrition education to support autonomy, dietary self-management, and healthy ageing.

Ageing represents one of the strongest non-modifiable determinants of insulin resistance (IR), a condition that extends well beyond impaired glucose handling and underling a broad spectrum of metabolic, cardiovascular, and neuropsychiatric disorders. In older adults, IR emerges from the progressive loss of physiological reserve across multiple organ systems rather than from isolated defects in insulin signalling. This narrative review examines the metabolic, inflammatory, and hormonal mechanisms...

Pregnancy-related cardiovascular complications cause substantial morbidity and account for a large proportion of maternal deaths. The relationship between maternal age and pregnancy-related cardiovascular complications remains unclear. Most prior studies categorized patients using an age threshold, and previous studies did not delineate patients' baseline cardiovascular risk versus pregnancy-specific risk. Here we show that pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with a 7-fold higher...

Loss of host-microbiota balance promotes gut inflammation, colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Yet, whether host or microbial factors are the critical driver of the pathology remains unclear. Here, we investigate how cardiolipin maintains metabolic fitness of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells to preserve gut-immune homeostasis. We discover that deleting the cardiolipin-synthesizing enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase mitochondrial 1 (PTPMT1) in T cells predisposes mice to colitis due to impaired...

Disease-associated microglial states are thought to contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, but characterizing them and their relationships to pathology remains challenging. Here we introduce CODEX-CNS-a multiplexed protein imaging technology with a custom data analysis pipeline for use in human brain samples. We profiled 704,706 cells in samples from the frontal cortex of 8 people with AD and 8 healthy controls and mapped features including blood-brain barrier, meningeal components...

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Population ageing has led to an increase in prevalence of old-age disability but whether the risk of disability can be detected early remains unclear. We used ten functioning/fitness measures in early old-age to identify their predictive ability for disability at older ages. A total of 4593 participants of the Whitehall II study, mean age 65.3 years, were followed for a median of 11.00 (IQR 7.25-12.67) years for incident disability [≥ 1 limitation in activities of daily living (ADL)], and severe...

CONCLUSION: Targeted digital literacy programs and age-friendly technology designs are essential for maintaining cognitive health in older populations.

INTRODUCTION: Age-related declines in cognitive and motor functions show highly variable trajectories. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated multivariate associative effects between modifiable vascular risk factors, biological brain aging, cognitive, and motor performance in 40,579 individuals from the population-based UK Biobank and Hamburg City Health Study.

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and impaired glymphatic clearance. These dysfunctions may precede, contribute to, and interact bidirectionally with AD pathology, highlighting the importance of identifying physiological markers for the early detection of AD. Noninvasive approaches for assessing these processes and identifying early biomarkers remain limited. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a central role in clearing neurotoxins from...

Senescent cells accumulate with age following stress-induced cell cycle arrest triggered by DNA damage, oncogene activation, and replicative exhaustion. While they contribute to tissue repair and tumor suppression, their persistent senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) drive age-related diseases. The heterogeneity of senescent cell populations, particularly the distinction between primary and secondary senescence, remains incompletely understood at single-cell resolution. Here, we...

Ribosomes consist of approximately 80 distinct ribosomal proteins and rRNA. The genes encoding these ribosomal components are among the most highly expressed in growing cells. Changes in ribosome composition, such as those induced by oxidative stress, may compromise ribosome function. Such ribosomes are subsequently targeted for degradation. Additionally, under stress, both protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis are downregulated. Under starvation stress, excess ribosomes are degraded through...

Improving cognitively healthy survival is important for achieving healthy aging. Therefore, it would be valuable to estimate the future risk of either incident dementia or death in community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to develop a set of risk prediction models for either incident dementia or death that can be applied according to data availability across diverse clinical settings, using longitudinal data from community-dwelling older Japanese adults. A total of 8,334 participants...

Geroscience needs biomarkers that capture the progressive decline of integrated biological systems with age. Physical capacity, a direct manifestation of systemic integrity, is a core pillar of biological aging but is typically assessed through discrete clinical tests. Speech production, a complex motor act requiring coordinated respiratory, laryngeal, and articulatory control, shares fundamental physiological pathways with global physical function and may therefore serve as an accessible...