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This systematic review aimed to evaluate and synthesize the scientific evidence of virtual reality (VR) interventions on quality of life, cognitive function, and physical function in older people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). A systematic review search until March 2025 using seven generic databases: PubMed, EBSCOhost, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science. The PRISMA, RoB 2, and GRADEpro tools were used to assess the methodological quality, risk of bias, and certainty...

The occurrence of cognitive impairment in normal aging and sporadic Alzheimer's disease is linked to oxidative stress. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic molecule, and hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside have exhibited powerful anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects. The present study was designed to explore the neurotherapeutic potential of combination between resveratrol and hesperidin as preventative herbal remedies to inhibit oxidative stress and cholinergic and mitochondrial dysfunction in...

The rising global demographic aging and the subsequent increase in the prevalence of age-related diseases highlight the need to understand aging biology. A key player in organismal aging is the immune system, which has broad systemic effects. On the one hand, immune aging involves the decline of hematopoietic stem cells and significant alterations in the functionality and composition of both innate and adaptive immunity. On the other hand, the aged immune system contributes to chronic...

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions associated with small vessel cerebrovascular disease (CVD) are common structural neuroimaging findings in older adults. Greater global brain WMH burden related to aging has been implicated in dementia but has also been linked to brain atrophy and cognitive dysfunction in old age. We sought to investigate the regionally distributed association of global WMH lesion load with subcortical gray matter (SGM) volumes using a multivariate network analysis method...

The multicellular coordination that underlies tissue homeostasis and disease progression is of fundamental interest^(1-5). However, how diverse cell types are organized within tissue niches for cohesive functioning remains largely unknown. Here we systematically characterized cross-tissue coordinated cellular modules in healthy tissues, uncovering their spatiotemporal dynamics and phenotypic associations, and examined their rewiring in cancer. We first compiled a comprehensive single-cell...

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive metabolite involved in diabetes and aging through the formation of protein adducts. Less is known about the extent that MG and its metabolic product S-D-lactoylglutathione (LGSH) form adducts with cell metabolites. Using a 'symmetric' isotope-labeled and reactivity-based metabolomics approach in living cells, we found over 200 adducts and, surprisingly, discovered that 10 of the most abundant are lactoylated amino acids mainly derived from LGSH. The most abundant...

The global increase in aging populations has heightened the urgency to develop effective interventions for age-related cognitive decline. Skeletal muscle has recently emerged as a potential modulator of brain health, particularly in the context of aging. This study investigates the effects of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on cognitive function and neuropathology in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse (SAMP8), a model of aging-associated cognitive decline. SAMP8 mice were divided into 3 groups:...

Olfactory deficits are hypothesized to precede cognitive decline and be independently associated with future dementia. Conversely, the concurrency of cognitive and olfactory impairments is expected to represent an advanced stage, associated with shorter time to diagnosis. Limited research has examined the association of isolated and concurrent cognitive and olfactory impairments with incident dementia. We aimed to estimate the 12-year dementia hazard for cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND),...

Navigational decline is a metric distinct from aging-related cognitive degradation, yet the affected circuits and synaptic changes remain elusive. This study identified a long-range excitatory projection from parvalbumin (PV) neurons in the brainstem medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) of mice that monosynaptically innervates the midbrain dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTN). This PV^(MVN→DTN) projection exhibits high neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity as electrophysiological traits. In vivo...

Suppression of the insulin-IGF-mTORC1-Ras network ameliorates aging in animals. Many drugs have targets in the network because of its roles in cancer and metabolic disease and are candidates for repurposing as geroprotectors. Rapamycin, an established geroprotective drug, blocks mTORC1 signaling, and trametinib inhibits the Ras-MEK-ERK pathway. In this study, we assessed survival and health of male and female mice treated with trametinib, rapamycin or their combination. We show here that...

CONCLUSIONS: Multimorbidity manifests as stable patterns in this population. MPs derived from latent class analysis were more interpretable and consistent over time compared to correlation-based approaches. Income disparities influence MP profiles, highlighting the need for tailored interventions. Longitudinal studies are recommended to explore NCD contributions to MP dynamics and inform strategies addressing health and social inequities.

Microglia respond to Alzheimer's disease (AD) with varied transcriptional responses. We show that oligomeric Aß (oAß) induces the expression of Hif1a and Egln3 in microglia in vitro, together with the transcription of the type I interferon signature (IFNS) genes in a PHD3-dependent manner. We identify FOXO3 as a repressor of IFNS, whose abundance decreases upon PHD3 induction in response to oAß. In vivo, loss of PHD3 correlates with abrogation of the IFNS and activation of the disease-associated...

Tailpipe emissions from road traffic contribute substantially to the burden of fine inhalable particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and deteriorate air quality. Exhaust emission standards, forcing improvements in combustion and exhaust after-treatment technology, considerably decreases combustion-related PM(2.5) emitted by modern cars. A549 cancerous alveolar and BEAS-2B normal bronchial epithelial cells were exposed at the air-liquid interface to the total aerosol or gas phase of either fresh or...

Mitochondrial damage determines cell fate, leading to mitochondrial autophagy or cellular apoptosis in health and disease. The molecular mechanisms and role of the acto-myosin cytoskeleton regulating mitochondrial clearance and membrane remodeling are critical in neurodegenerative disease progression including Alzheimer, but remain unclear. To investigate the potential link between full-length Myosin VI (FL-Myo6) recruitment and exposure of the mitochondria-specific lipid cardiolipin (CL), here...

Imbalanced production and clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a hallmark pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While several monoclonal antibodies targeting Aβ have shown reductions in amyloid burden, their impact on cognitive function remains controversial, with the added risk of inflammatory side effects. Dysregulated stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, yet the biological interaction between this pathway and Aβ, as well as their...

As global aging accelerates, the incidence of thyroid diseases, particularly hypothyroidism, is rising in the elderly. The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increase in healthy elderly populations. However, whether the thyroid undergoes cellular senescence and how this relates to thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis remain unclear. To investigate the molecular and functional characteristics of thyroid aging, we performed scRNA-seq on human thyroids from young, middle-aged, and old groups,...

CONCLUSION: Population aging poses challenges to TB control, highlighting the need for targeted strategies for older adults.

The global population of individuals aged 60 years and older now exceeds one billion and continues to grow, underscoring the necessity of addressing cognitive challenges associated with aging. The present study aimed to evaluate the enhancement and suppression of attentional mechanisms, as well as working memory efficiency (WME), across the adult lifespan. Additionally, it examined factors that may moderate these relationships. A total of 194 participants, aged between 20 and 80 years, completed...

Background Mitochondrial integrity and efficiency deteriorate with age and are linked to cellular senescence. Mitochondria are highly responsive to reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia), which for example occurs when exposed to altitude. We hypothesize that mitochondria are involved in the observed health benefits at moderate altitude. Because the experimental evidence on mitochondrial changes at moderate altitude is limited, we also evaluate dose-response associations of oxygen transport and...

CONCLUSION: This multimodal neuroimaging study highlights altered brain functional connectivity and glymphatic dysfunction as potential neural correlates of PSF in middle-aged and older adults. The findings provide novel insights into the complex pathophysiology of PSF in the aging brain, implicating both functional brain networks and the glymphatic system. Further research is warranted to validate these age-specific findings and explore targeted interventions for PSF in older stroke survivors.