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The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) and resilience originates from clinicopathological observations that amyloid-β deposition, tau pathology and neurodegeneration do not uniformly translate into clinical dementia, highlighting inter-individual differences in the brain's capacity to tolerate pathology. Although CR and resilience lack a single accepted definition, they broadly describe the ability to maintain cognition in the presence of age-related or pathological brain changes. This review...

CONCLUSION: In a society where appearance is important, appearance management suggests that it can be a psychological mechanism that goes beyond simply pursuing youthfulness and helps with self-awareness, personal growth, and adaptation to the aging process. Appearance management that fosters self-expression and personal capabilities can improve the quality of life of older people.

Aging is associated with functional decline and reduced regenerative capacity in the brain, is also the strongest risk factor for ischemic stroke, which remains a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, and is associated with impaired functional recovery. Here, we investigated whether short-term partial cellular reprogramming through cyclic expression of Yamanaka factors (OSKM) in a Tet-ON mouse model under Rosa-26 promoter has any impact on ischemic damage in aged mice....

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a neurological complication associated with chronic liver disease characterized by subtle cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation, particularly in the aging population. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying age-associated MHE remain poorly understood. The present study investigated the role of Fetuin-A-mediated neuroinflammation and its potential as a therapeutic target in the management of MHE in old rats using pioglitazone in a thioacetamide...

Cognitive reserve (CR) is a broad framework for explaining why individuals differ in cognitive functioning in the face of aging and neuropathology. One influential mechanistic account proposes that cognitively demanding life experiences such as education, occupational complexity, and cognitively stimulating activities augment a domain-general cognitive capacity that subsequently provides resilience. We refer to this more specific claim as cognitive reserve augmentation (CRA). This narrative and...

CONCLUSION: Concordance between epigenetic-clock and clinical-outcome changes was inconsistent, with favorable signals concentrated mainly in selected intermediate outcomes. Epigenetic clocks should currently be considered exploratory or adjunctive biomarkers of intervention response rather than validated clinical surrogate endpoints.

Scientists discovered that the thick, sticky fluid surrounding glioblastoma tumors can make brain cancer cells smaller, more flexible, and better at invading surrounding tissue. Even more troubling, some of these changes persist after the cells leave the thick fluid, revealing a previously overlooked mechanism that could help this deadly cancer spread.

Researchers have uncovered a surprising reason dental implant infections often resist antibiotics: the implants themselves can contribute to the problem. Bacteria corrode titanium implants, releasing microscopic particles that hijack immune cells, trigger destructive inflammation, and accelerate jawbone loss.

A newly FDA-cleared PTSD treatment uses personalized brain mapping and magnetic stimulation to target abnormal brain activity, with a clinical trial reporting a 52% reduction in symptoms and 68% remission. Researchers believe the technology could transform PTSD care and pave the way for more precise treatments for other mental health conditions.

A seven-year study found that people with Parkinson’s disease who were more physically active experienced slower declines in memory, thinking, and movement abilities. Those exercising more than eight hours per week showed almost no average cognitive decline, suggesting that staying active may offer important benefits as the disease progresses.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a shared downstream pathogenic mechanism across a wide spectrum of neurological disorders, ranging from primary mitochondrial diseases to conditions including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, hereditary ataxias and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. This Review examines the role of mitochondrial biomarkers in improving diagnostic accuracy, patient stratification and monitoring of...

Lipodystrophies are a group of disorders featuring reduced adipose tissue mass or function, which often leads to significant metabolic disease, reduced lifespan and impaired quality of life. Individuals with congenital generalised lipodystrophy (CGL) have severely reduced adipose tissue mass. The loss of healthy systemic lipid storage typically causes hepatic steatosis and lipoatrophic diabetes. In addition, adipocyte-secreted hormones including leptin and adiponectin are dramatically reduced....

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Endothelial cells (ECs) are critical regulators of vascular function and exhibit tissue-specialized roles. During aging, these cells become dysfunctional, resulting in increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. Although single-cell transcriptomics has revealed extensive endothelial heterogeneity, a comprehensive atlas of human EC transcriptomes over the course of the adult human lifespan has been lacking. Here, we present the Human Aging Endothelial Cell Atlas (HAECA), a harmonized...

Neurodegenerative diseases are emerging as an important consequence of population ageing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but their scientific relevance extends beyond a projected rise in case numbers. SSA combines exceptional human genomic diversity with marked heterogeneity in vascular and metabolic risk, infection, nutrition, occupational exposures, air pollution, and access to health care. This combination creates an underused setting in which to study why biological ageing produces...

Blood phosphorylated tau 217 (p-tau217) accurately detects Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology but is also elevated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), likely reflecting peripheral (big) tau released from muscle. Assays selectively measuring brain-derived (BD-) tau and BD-p-tau217 are therefore needed. We analysed serum BD-tau and p-tau217 in ALS (n = 139), AD (n = 101) and controls (n = 75) using direct immunoassays and after BD-Tau immunoprecipitation (BD-Tau-IP), and tau species in brain...

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CONCLUSION: Bibliometric and semantic analyses indicate growing research interest in cell-type-specific senescence, inflammatory-fibrotic remodelling, HF phenotype heterogeneity, biomarkers, and senotherapeutics. These findings highlight opportunities for integrating mechanistic research with clinical investigation. Future studies should prioritize cell-specific senescence atlases, multidimensional biomarkers, comorbidity-aware HF stratification, and cautious evaluation of senotherapeutics in HF...

Global health policies and the World Health Organization consistently promote aging in place, reflecting the strong preference of older adults to remain in their home environments. Yet frailty, cognitive decline, caregiver exhaustion, and social vulnerability frequently make nursing home admission necessary and position institutional care as the default response to severe dependency. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities of nursing home care and renewed debate about the sustainability of...

Corpus callosum microstructure is a proposed risk biomarker for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment. This study compared corpus callosum microstructure measures from the "Standard Model" biophysical diffusion model with diffusion tensor and kurtosis imaging (DTI, DKI) measures for differences related to age and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in a population-based sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults (n = 112, mean age 69.9). Standard Model measures included axonal water...