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Happywhale software shows animal crossed oceans, traveled more than 13,000 kilometers

Some plant researchers fear the setback could last years and will stifle innovation

Scopolamine, widely regarded as the gold standard in preclinical studies of memory impairments, acts as a non-selective antagonist of central and peripheral muscarinic receptors. While its application in modeling dementia primarily involves antagonism at the M(1) receptor, its non-selective peripheral actions may introduce adverse effects that influence behavioral test outcomes. This review analyzes preclinical findings to consolidate knowledge on scopolamine's use and elucidate potential...

Parkinson's disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative motor disorders worldwide with postural instability, bradykinesia, resting tremor and rigidity being the most common symptoms of the disease. Despite the fact that the molecular mechanisms of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis have already been well described, there is still no coherent picture of the etiopathogenesis of this disease. According to modern concepts, neurodegeneration is induced mainly by oxidative stress,...

Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has been shown to treat a variety of human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its mechanism in AD needs further investigation. Microglial cells (BV2) were treated with Aβ(1-42) to induce AD cell models. Cell viability and apoptosis were tested by cell counting kit 8 assay and flow cytometry. The protein levels of GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4), phosphodiesterase 4A (PDE4A), autophagy-related markers, M1/M2 polarization-related markers and...

Increasing evidence points to a pivotal role of immune processes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, which is the most prevalent neurodegenerative and dementia-causing disease of our time. Multiple lines of information provided by experimental, epidemiological, neuropathological and genetic studies suggest a pathological role for innate and adaptive immune activation in this disease. Here, we review the cell types and pathological mechanisms involved in disease development as well as the...

CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive impairment was more likely to co-occur with those with low and increasing transport restrictions than with those with moderate and decreasing transport restrictions. Addressing transport restriction among older adults holds the potential to ameliorate cognitive outcomes.