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Longitudinal changes in epigenetic measures over 2 years: methodological implications
Epigenetic clocks are increasingly proposed as surrogate endpoints in aging trials, yet their short-term behavior in healthy older adults is not well characterized. We analyzed DNA methylation at baseline, year 1, and year 2 in 899 COSMOS-Blood participants (mean age 70.0; 50% women), deriving Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, and GrimAge clocks (original and principal component [PC] versions) and DunedinPACE. Epigenetic age acceleration was computed by regressing each clock on chronological age....