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Variability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical presentation complicates mechanistic studies and therapeutic outcome prediction. Brain protein aggregate load does not directly correlate with clinical symptoms; however, different subtypes of AD have been reported to exhibit structural variation (polymorphism) of aggregates. Little is known about the structural diversity of the deposits in cognitively normal aged brains. This study investigates the structural heterogeneity of amyloid aggregates...

Nucleocytoplasmic transport is a central but underappreciated component of the proteostasis network as it controls the trafficking and partitioning of proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Transport of large proteins across the NPC is mediated by karyopherins, a conserved family of importins and exportins that function through a Ran GTPase-dependent cycle. Beyond their canonical transport activities, karyopherins can directly contribute to...

Hypothesized to be a diet-derived 'longevity vitamin', Ergothioneine (ET) is increasingly recognized for its potential to modulate cellular homeostasis and support healthy ageing in preclinical models. This systematic review, encompassing evidence from 2005 to 2025, investigates ET's unique pharmacokinetics mediated by the OCTN1 (SLC22A4) transporter, which ensures its selective accumulation in tissues susceptible to age-related oxidative decline. Beyond its role as a secondary antioxidant...

Water diffusion gives rise to micron-scale sensitivity of diffusion MRI (dMRI) to cellular-level tissue structure. Precision medicine and quantitative imaging depend on uncovering the information content of dMRI and establishing its parsimonious hardware-independent fingerprint. Based on the rotational SO(3) symmetry, we study the geometry of the dMRI signal and the topology of its acquisition, identify irreducible components and a full set of invariants for the cumulant tensors, and relate them...

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a process conserved across eukaryotes that maintains cellular homeostasis by delivering cellular components to the vacuole or lysosome for further breakdown and recycling. Although the molecular mechanisms regulating autophagosome formation have been extensively studied, those underlying the modulation of autophagic body degradation in plant cells remain unclear. Here, we determined that VAB1 (V-ATPase catalytic subunit B1), a direct target of SINAT (SEVEN IN ABSENTIA...

Scientists have uncovered a hidden “stop-scratching” signal in the nervous system that tells your brain when enough scratching is enough. The discovery centers on a molecule called TRPV4, which acts like part of an internal braking system for itch relief. In experiments involving chronic itch similar to eczema, mice missing this signal scratched less often—but when they did scratch, they couldn’t stop.

Rebooting the gut microbiome with bacteria from youth may help stop aging-related liver damage and even prevent liver cancer, according to new research in mice. Older mice that received their own preserved youthful microbiome showed less inflammation, reduced DNA damage, and no signs of liver cancer. Researchers also found that the treatment suppressed a cancer-linked gene called MDM2, making older mice biologically resemble younger ones.

Researchers have developed a stem cell-based model of the human intestine that may transform how new IBD treatments are discovered. After testing thousands of compounds, they identified glycyrrhizin — a natural substance found in black licorice — as a promising anti-inflammatory candidate. In both lab-grown tissue and mice, the compound reduced intestinal damage and cell death linked to IBD.

A new study shows that listening to your own favorite workout music can dramatically boost endurance. Cyclists exercising with self-selected songs lasted nearly 20% longer than when riding in silence, yet they didn’t feel more exhausted at the end. Researchers say music may help people stay in the “pain zone” longer without increasing perceived strain.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with impaired connectivity in critical functional networks. This study investigated the effects of 20 Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on brain network mechanisms in 25 patients with AD, including 17 in the TMS group and 8 in the sham group. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) to quantify neural activity and identify regions of...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide and the leading cause of dementia in older adults. The presence of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) constitutes the two principal neuropathological features of AD. However, current therapies targeting only Aβ or tau remain suboptimal, likely due to intrinsic neuronal and glial dysfunction in affected brain regions. Urolithin A (UroA) is a widely recognized...

Synaptic dysfunction emerges early in Alzheimer's disease, often years before the appearance of clinical symptoms, and is among the most reliable predictors of subsequent cognitive decline. Despite its importance, the cellular events that trigger this early synaptic vulnerability remain poorly defined. Growing evidence points to a critical failure at the interface between neuronal energy metabolism and synaptic signalling, commonly referred to as the mitochondria-synapse axis, suggesting that...

A growing body of research is focusing on how music, technology, and neuroscience can converge to promote healthy ageing and counteract pathological decline. In particular, music interventions for older adults have been garnering increasing attention, with numerous reports showing positive effects of music on various health outcomes, including psychological well-being, cognitive function, physiological responses, quality of life, and overall well-being. In this context, the European...

Human aging is characterized by complex structural and functional decline, but quantifying its heterogeneity and assessing biological age remain challenges. We present the mCAS (multicentric Chinese aging standardized cohort) developed from 2,019 Chinese individuals aged 18-91 years. Integrating high-dimensional clinical, physiological, and molecular-level data, we constructed a three-tiered aging framework: the core capacity clock (CC-clock) to quantify clinical physiological decline, the...

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that even decline confined to a single physical performance domain may signal an early transition toward increased vulnerability. Monitoring trajectories of physical performance may therefore help identify older adults at increased mortality risk before more widespread functional deterioration becomes apparent.

Descendants of longevity-enriched sibships demonstrate a broad health and survival advantage throughout the life course. However, little is known about manifestations during very early life. Here we show a pattern of lower risk of adverse early-life outcomes in third-generation grandchildren (N = 5637) of Danish longevity-enriched sibships compared to the general population, including infant mortality (Hazard Ratio = 0.53, 95% CI [0.36, 0.77]) and a range of neonatal health indicators. These...

sc-ChromAging, a chromatin accessibility-based aging clock, was developed using single-cell ATAC-seq from 401 Chinese individuals. It identified CD4⁺ naive T cells as the most accurate predictors of age. This clock linked immune aging with pathways in inflammation, infection, and tumor susceptibility, and connecting chromatin changes to plasma metabolites like triacylglycerols.

Scientists studying axolotls, zebrafish, and mice have uncovered a shared set of genes that may one day help humans regrow lost limbs. By identifying powerful “SP genes” involved in regeneration, researchers discovered that disabling these genes stopped proper bone regrowth in salamanders and mice. They then used a gene therapy inspired by zebrafish biology to partially restore regeneration in mice, marking a major step toward future treatments that could replace damaged limbs with living tissue instead of prosthetics.

Move comes after Roger Innes complained about the government’s prosecution of Chinese postdocs

Scientists have uncovered a surprising secret hidden inside fat cells that could reshape how we think about obesity and metabolic disease. A protein called HSL, long believed to simply release stored fat when the body needs energy, turns out to have a second job deep inside the nucleus of fat cells—helping keep those cells healthy and balanced. Even more surprising, people and mice missing this protein don’t become obese as expected; instead, they lose fat tissue in a dangerous condition called lipodystrophy.