Aggregator

Aging is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is thought to contribute to both cognitive decline and various neurodegenerative diseases. Cannabinoids are reported to reduce levels of inflammatory markers; however, these effects have not been thoroughly assessed in older subjects. To address this gap, we evaluated the effects of sub-chronic cannabis smoke exposure on serum and brain inflammatory markers in younger and older mice. Younger (4 month old) and older (22 month old)...

During aging, the progressive decline in neuronal function contributes to cognitive impairment and predisposes individuals to neurodegenerative disorders. This phenomenon has become increasingly prominent in modern society. Recent studies have found that post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play a crucial role in the aging process, influencing the physiological functions and pathological changes in brain cells. This article reviews the variety and complexity of PTMs across brain...

Dual hole transport layers consisting of NiO(x) and self-assembled molecules are widely adopted in inverted perovskite solar cells, yet plagued by high impurity content, inefficient hole transport, low molecular coverage, weak interfacial binding, unstable buried interface and energy level mismatch. Herein, a low-temperature chemical precipitation strategy is developed to synthesize high-quality NiO(x) nanoparticles as hole transport layers. Compared with the room-temperature route, the...

No abstract

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transition through different functional states throughout life from emergence and expansion in the fetus, homeostasis maintenance in adulthood, and progressive functional decline with age. Aged HSCs are characterized by increased phenotypic number, decreased self-renewal and long-term reconstitution capacity, myeloid-biased differentiation, and clonal hematopoiesis. In this review, we summarize the life cycle of HSCs, integrate recent advances in understanding the...

Chronic inflammation and aging skew hematopoiesis toward myelopoiesis at the expense of lymphoid output. We screened type 2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines to identify extrinsic signals capable of restoring lymphoid lineage commitment in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Interleukin 4 (IL-4) specifically inhibited inflammation-induced myelopoiesis and shifted multipotent progenitor (MPP) differentiation toward the lymphoid lineage. IL-4 activated a signal transducer and activator...

CONCLUSION: BDNF, FABP-3, OSM and OSTN contributed to a stepwise regression model predicting the FI after adjusting for age, whereas only SPARC remained in a model predicting FP score.

Ageing heterogeneity hampers prevention and care. We used routine biochemical panels and unsupervised learning to identify latent phenotypes in community-dwelling older adults. In 1491 participants from the Toledo Study for Healthy Ageing (TSHA) with ~10-11 years of follow-up, 39 blood biomarkers were dimension-reduced and clustered, yielding three phenotypes: Healthy, Metabolic (subclinical dysmetabolism), and Haematological (low erythroid/renal profile). Phenotypes differed in functional...

Psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia and affective psychosis, affect ~3% of the population and typically emerge in early adulthood. Cardiometabolic disease accounts for much of the 20-year life-expectancy gap in psychosis. Evidence indicates potentially causal processes, often seen in aging, act within and beyond the brain, and before the onset of treatment; these include inflammation, metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we synthesize evidence and propose a framework that...

BACKGROUND: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a common malignant tumor, and its treatment often leads to functional impairments in speech, swallowing, and appearance, severely affecting patients' quality of life. Older individuals with HNC, due to the combined stress of aging and disease, face heightened mental health challenges. This study aims to evaluate the effect of AI-driven personalized health education on mental health, social support and quality of life in older patients after HNC surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: Neutral acceptance may represent a relatively higher-scoring dimension of death attitudes among Chinese older adults. Health-related factors, death-related experiences, and cultural factors appear to be relevant factors associated with death attitudes. Based on these preliminary findings, exploratory interventions, including death education and psychosocial support, could be considered for older adults with poor health. These findings should be interpreted cautiously, given that all...

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is the leading cause of dementia. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau are major contributors to AD onset and progression. Here, we investigate the therapeutic potential of CD5L, a macrophage-specific secretory protein, in reducing Aβ accumulation and improving AD pathology. CD5L directly binds to Aβ, particularly the neurotoxic Aβ42, and blocks their aggregation. Moreover, CD5L enhances microglial phagocytosis against several forms of Aβ40 and Aβ42....

Tremor is a common symptom in movement disorders such as Parkinson disease and essential tremor. While both conditions benefit from deep brain stimulation (DBS), the neural substrates underlying different tremor types and their treatment remain poorly defined. Here, we use DBS network mapping in multiple patient cohorts to investigate whether rest vs. action tremor respond to stimulation of the same or distinct subnetworks within the primary motor cortex. Building on recent functional...

Aging affects us all, but we still do not know how the process evolves or if we can modulate its pace. This issue of PLOS Biology presents a Collection of articles that explores different aspects of aging, discussing what challenges still need to be overcome.

Intermuscular fat infiltration driven by fibro-adipogenic progenitors contributes to the irreversible progression of sarcopenia and reflects a fate shift associated with altered calcium signaling. Using FAP-based adipogenesis models, structural and biochemical analyses, transcriptomic profiling, and in vivo drug exposure studies, we found that Ca^(2+) influx dyshomeostasis promotes adipogenic commitment by triggering calmodulin remodeling, dissociation of the KCNQ1-CaM-FTO complex, nuclear...

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Appl is the single Drosophila APP ortholog and is expressed in all neurons throughout development. Appl was previously shown to cell-autonomously modulate axon outgrowth in the mushroom bodies (MBs), the fly olfactory memory center. However, we found that Appld, the only reported null allele, affects the normal function of vnd, the gene just proximal to Appl. To decipher developmental and memory defects specifically due...

Our post-GWAS functional analysis revealed that cathepsin L (CTSL) is an upstream regulator of CUX1, and it induces p16^(INK4a)-dependent and atherosclerosis-associated senescence by indirectly activating CUX1 transcription in a process that requires its proteolytic activity. This suggests an unidentified transcription regulator between CTSL and CUX1, and CTSL-mediated cleavage of this regulator could transcribe CUX1, inducing senescence. Here, in search of this transcriptional regulator, we...

Aging is a global issue that affects human health and increases disease risk. The traditional concept of the "age gap (AG)," defined as the difference between estimated biological age and an individual's chronological age, has been used for self-monitoring the risk of age-related diseases. However, the current AG does not account for the stratified aging patterns across different stages of chronological age, which may lead to biased or paradoxical interpretations of aging acceleration. To...

CONCLUSION: This study identifies a novel pathological mechanism in age-related MCI: the nuclear accumulation of PANK4 in hippocampal exacerbates cuproptosis susceptibility by specifically impairing ATP7B-dependent copper efflux, leading to copper overload. Astrocyte-specific PANK4 ablation mitigates these effects, highlighting PANK4 as a potential therapeutic target for preventing or treating age-associated cognitive decline.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and emerging evidence of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Although nicotine has been implicated in neuroprotection, whether its enantiomers exert stereoselective effects on the gut-brain axis remains unknown.