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New effort is modeled after the state’s long-running cancer research institute

Mud-dwelling cable bacteria construct metal organic frameworks to grow

CONCLUSIONS: Elevated cumulative SBP, DBP, and PP independently increased subsequent cognitive impairment risk in Chinese older adults.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of variants associated with neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, deciphering the "causal" biological mechanisms and pathways through which these variants act remains a major obstacle that hinders translational understanding of NPD pathogenesis. NPDs are highly polygenic with contributions from pleiotropic variants across the allelic...

Parkinson's disease (PD) remains insidious and clinically elusive at early stages due to the lack of precise, non-invasive biomarkers. Given their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a promising platform for biomarker discovery in neurodegeneration. Using an affinity-based EV isolation method, we profile EV proteomes and lipidomes from plasma across life stages, followed by targeted validation via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). We identify both...

Our understanding of how the body communicates with the brain to coordinate their functions is remarkably limited. At the blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain endothelial cells (BECs) are ideally positioned to mediate signaling between blood and brain parenchyma via direct communication with astrocyte perivascular processes (endfeet). We develop a method to define the mouse in vivo astrocyte endfoot proteome, which in combination with BEC-specific RNA-seq, reveal BEC to astrocyte endfoot...

Experimental evidence suggests that activated microglia induce astrocyte reactivity in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the association between microglial activation and amyloid-β (Aβ) with reactive astrogliosis in individuals across the AD spectrum. We examined 101 individuals using positron emission tomography radiotracers to assess Aβ deposition ([^(18)F]AZD4694), tau aggregation ([^(18)F]MK-6240) and microglial activation...

There is growing evidence that perceptual difficulties associated with age-related hearing loss are not solely due to cochlear damage and are exacerbated by central nervous system changes. We examined electrophysiological (EEG) responses to clicks and diffusion kurtosis imaging in 49 older (29 female) and 26 younger (20 female) adults to determine the extent to which auditory nerve (AN) deficits in older adults contributed to functional and structural changes throughout the auditory system....

Immunotherapy-based combination approaches have improved treatment efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but progressive disease remains a challenge. Trilaciclib is a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor approved for myelopreservation in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Our results demonstrate that trilaciclib has antitumor potential in NSCLC without significant toxicity. It reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment by primarily increasing antitumor...

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Aging is associated with significant alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, including decreased microbial diversity. These changes are accelerated by lifestyle factors, such as sedentary behavior, which tends to increase with age. Although the role of physical activity in preventing age-related functional decline has been widely recognized in recent years, its long-term influence at different intensity levels on gut microbial composition in older adults remains unclear. In this...

Early diagnosis and noninvasive monitoring of neurological disorders require sensitivity to elusive cellular-level alterations that occur much earlier than volumetric changes observable with the millimeter-resolution of medical imaging modalities. Morphological changes in axons, such as axonal varicosities or beadings, are observed in neurological disorders, as well as in development and aging. Here, we reveal the sensitivity of time-dependent diffusion MRI (dMRI) to the structurally disordered...

Epigenetic and omics-based clocks have provided invaluable tools to quantify aging, yet these clocks do not provide direct readouts of aging in real-time in living systems. As methylation changes in nucleolar ribosomal DNA are reliably associated with aging and cellular senescence, we hypothesized that shifts in rRNA species could be leveraged to generate image-based clocks using selective dyes. Here we engineer sensitive and photostable hybrid polymethine dyes selective for rRNA. We present a...

CONCLUSIONS: These findings enhance our understanding of the association between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms and provide important insights that can guide policy-makers and practitioners in addressing the psychological challenges faced by older adults with chronic diseases.

The spatial heterogeneity of halogen distribution in perovskite thin films represents a critical factor currently limiting both the power conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells. We identified pronounced through-film inhomogeneity in chlorine distribution in formamidinium lead iodide films, with the generally used additive methylammonium chloride. We demonstrated that incorporating alkali metal oxalates could effectively homogenize the chlorine distribution. These compounds underwent...

The HIV type 1 (HIV-1) accessory proteins Virion Infectivity Factor (Vif) and Viral Protein R (Vpr) are essential for efficient virus replication in vivo. Vif mediates degradation of host restriction factor APOBEC3G, while Vpr modulates the host cell proteome in ways that promote virion infectivity and viral gene expression. In cycling cells including CD4+ T cells, Vif and Vpr also severely impact cell cycle progression for reasons that remain unknown. Here, we combined live-cell imaging with...