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Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the aging population, is marked by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, tau tangles, and progressive neuronal degeneration, placing heavy clinical and socioeconomic burdens on healthcare worldwide. Aging remains the strongest risk factor, with chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired proteostasis creating a vulnerable brain environment that accelerates AD onset and progression. Recent evidence...

Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), a transmembrane protein widely localized to synaptic vesicles, serves as a key indicator of synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, adeno-associated virus (AAV) was injected by brain stereotactic injection technique to construct SV2A-overexpressing APP/PS1 mice, then the effects of SV2A on amyloid precursor protein (APP) degradation and its molecular mechanism were further explored in vivo or in vitro. Our results demonstrated that SV2A...

Transposable elements (TEs) are indispensable components of eukaryotic genomes, mechanistically linked to carcinogenesis, aging and other degenerative diseases. The ability of TEs to self-propagate and cause deletions, inversions or insertions within the genome poses a real threat to the fidelity of genomic integrity. This review discusses the fundamental properties of TEs, with a focus on cellular interactions associated with mechanisms involved in recombination, replication, and DNA repair....

Senescent cells display indefinite growth arrest and a pro-inflammatory, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). As the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues with age plays detrimental roles in age-related pathologies, there is much interest in finding therapeutic strategies to eliminate them or suppress the SASP. In this study, we investigated the impact of the secretome and extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) on senescent human...

Spaceflight exposes astronauts to a combination of environmental stressors such as microgravity, ionizing radiation, circadian disruption, and social isolation that induce phenotypes of aging. However, whether these exposures accelerate biological aging remains unclear. In this exploratory study, we assessed 32 DNA methylation-based biological age metrics in 4 astronauts during the Axiom-2 mission at pre-flight, in-flight (day 4 and 7), and post-flight (return days 1 and 7). On average,...

With an aging population, the incidence of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) continues to increase. Aging cells exhibit reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD^(+)) levels and impaired autophagy; however, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unclear. In our study, we assessed the role of nicotinamide nucleotide adenylate transferase 1 (NMNAT1) in cochlear hair cell aging using D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging HEI-OC1 cells and cochlear explants. We observed a...

With the increasing trend of delayed childbearing, the decline in oocyte quality associated with advanced maternal age has emerged as a pressing concern. However, the mechanism remains unclear, and effective strategies for improvement are currently lacking. Previously, we reported that the downregulation of the mevalonate pathway in aged granulosa cells (GCs) contributed to meiotic defects in oocytes, which may implicate farnesyl pyrophosphate-mediated protein farnesylation. Nevertheless, the...

CONCLUSION: This review provides a comprehensive comparison of dual-task and single-task interventions, highlighting the superior efficacy of dual-task training in improving both cognitive and physical outcomes. While single-task interventions offer benefits, they lack the comprehensive improvements observed in dual-task training. Future research should explore long-term outcomes, refine intervention protocols, and assess the applicability of combined approaches to maximize benefits for aging...

Observation challenges understanding of how dead stars interact with their environments