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Policy drops “paylines” based on peer-review scores and requires geography and other factors to guide approvals

The studies may still hold clues to the powers and limits of GLP-1 drugs

World Health Organization supports “spatial repellents” to prevent malaria, but it’s unclear who will pay for them

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly recognized as a shared pathological substrate for both sarcopenia and cognitive decline, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review synthesizes current evidence on the converging molecular pathways linking insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation to muscle wasting and neurodegeneration. Central to this interplay is the muscle-brain axis, a bidirectional communication network...

Blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are promising for dementia prediction, but their association with progression across intermediate stages of cognitive decline in the general population remains unclear. We followed 2148 dementia-free individuals from a Swedish population-based cohort for up to 16 years. Associations between baseline AD blood biomarkers and transitions between normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia were examined. Lower amyloid-β42/40 ratio and...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly recognized as a shared pathological substrate for both sarcopenia and cognitive decline, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review synthesizes current evidence on the converging molecular pathways linking insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation to muscle wasting and neurodegeneration. Central to this interplay is the muscle-brain axis, a bidirectional communication network...

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of Dry Eye Disease (DED), accounting for approximately 90% of DED cases worldwide. The transcription factor KROX20 has been shown to mark stem cells that play a critical role in Meibomian gland (MG) development and homeostasis, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are not well understood. In this report, we used multiple Krox20 lineage tracing and ablation studies to investigate lineage commitment during MG...

Gait performance depends on numerous aspects of brain functioning that are also relevant to key cognitive processes throughout the lifespan. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test has been shown to be a reliable tool for assessing age-related mobility changes and risk of falls in older adults. This study aimed to predict TUG performance using motor-cognitive inter-network connectivity, cognitive performance and socio-demographics. 189 participants without cognitive impairment were included. Mobility was...

Spatial disorientation is emerging as an early cognitive biomarker of dementia, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain undefined. The anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (ADn) exhibits early and selective vulnerability to pathological misfolded forms of tau, a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. As the ADn contains a high density of head direction (HD) cells, we hypothesized that ptau disrupts HD cell activity, promoting spatial disorientation. To test this, we virally expressed human...

The lifespan of most eukaryotic mRNAs is modulated by the gradual shortening of the poly(A) tail and removal of the associated poly(A)-binding protein. The human PAN2-PAN3 complex catalyzes initial deadenylation by shortening long poly(A) tails associated with PABPC1. Both PAN2-PAN3 and PABPC1 are evolutionarily conserved from fungi to humans. How the human complex has adapted to recognize and act on longer poly(A) tails characteristic of mammalian mRNAs remains unclear. Here, we report a method...

Astrocytes play essential roles in the brain, and their dysfunction is associated with nearly every form of neurological disease. Despite their ubiquity, knowledge of how astrocytes contribute to disease pathogenesis is incomplete; accordingly, harnessing their biology toward therapeutics remains a major challenge. Here we show that the transcription factor Sox9 plays a context-specific role in maintaining astrocyte function and circuit activity in the aging hippocampus and Alzheimer's disease...

Sex-biased differences in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are well documented, but the mechanisms underlying increased vulnerability in postmenopausal women remain unclear. This study aimed to model the effects of perimenopausal hormonal fluctuations on AD pathophysiology. Using a VCD-induced accelerated ovarian failure model in young female C57BL/6 J and 3xTg mice, we simulated a perimenopausal state with hormonal changes characterised by elevated oestradiol levels and reduced progesterone levels....

Astrocytes play essential roles in the brain, and their dysfunction is associated with nearly every form of neurological disease. Despite their ubiquity, knowledge of how astrocytes contribute to disease pathogenesis is incomplete; accordingly, harnessing their biology toward therapeutics remains a major challenge. Here we show that the transcription factor Sox9 plays a context-specific role in maintaining astrocyte function and circuit activity in the aging hippocampus and Alzheimer's disease...

CONCLUSION: The Dubousset Functional Test demonstrated relatively good psychometric properties for geriatric functional assessment.

CONCLUSIONS: Health service utilisation among older adults in Tamale was associated with a combination of predisposing, enabling, and need factors. While insurance coverage was high and contributed to health service utilisation, self-employment and living more than 4 km from a facility were major barriers. Community-based outreach, including mobile health clinics or targeted home-based care, may be a cost-effective approach to improving older adults’ access to and utilisation of health services.

CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the potential of PCC in enhancing the quality of care for older adults in outpatient settings. Building on our findings, a phased approach focusing on older adults with multimorbidity is recommended for LMICs like Iran, with an emphasis on integrating both primary and specialized care. Our proposed seven-dimensional PCC model includes access to care, proactive care, patient empowerment, integration into care pathways, a whole-person approach, coordinated care,...