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Rethinking Senescence Hallmarks in the Brain: Lessons From Peripheral Tissues and Challenges in Defining Neuronal Senescence

2 weeks ago
Cellular senescence is increasingly recognized as a fundamental driver of aging and age-related diseases. Studies in peripheral tissues have revealed that senescence is not a uniform cellular state, but a highly heterogeneous phenotype shaped by distinct combinations of DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, chromatin remodeling, impaired proteostasis, and diverse senescence-associated secretory phenotype. This heterogeneity critically influences both the identification and therapeutic targeting...
Miraj Ud Din Momand

Impact of caloric restriction on biological aging: insights from a composite biomarker index in older adults

2 weeks ago
Caloric restriction (CR) extends lifespan and delays age-related diseases in model organisms, yet its effects on biological aging in humans remain unclear. We pooled data from seven randomized CR trials (n = 829) and examined randomization to CR and change in weight with a biomarker index composed of CRP, IL-6, cystatin C, insulin, GDF-15, and TNF-R1. CR improved the composite biomarker index. The effect of CR decreased from -2.2 to -1.2 (95% CI -2.0 to -0.3) after adjustment for weight, while...
Cassidy A Guida

Individual Differences in Cognitive Aging Rodent Datasets (ID-CARD): A collaborative platform for behavioral analysis across the lifespan

2 weeks ago
Understanding cognitive aging requires approaches that capture individual variability while enabling integration across studies. In rodent models, behavioral data are central to this effort, yet cross-laboratory differences in experimental design limit comparability and constrain secondary analysis. To address this gap, we developed the Individual Differences in Cognitive Aging Rodent Datasets (ID-CARD), a first-of-its-kind collaborative repository aggregating trial-level Morris water maze data...
Joseph A McQuail

Detecting dynamic pathways and risk indicators of resilience, vulnerability and stability in normally aging females and males: Integrating data-driven longitudinal and machine learning analyses

2 weeks ago
Resilience has become an integral component of theory and research in brain aging. Recent frameworks have provided guidelines for identifying and investigating resilience in the context of diversity (e.g., sex and risk exposure differences). We leverage a multi-factorial longitudinal approach to operationalize and predict pathways of resilience, stability and vulnerability as a function of differential within-person trajectory patterns of hippocampal volume and cognitive change. Participants...
Shannon M Drouin

Epigenetic clocks and accelerated biological aging in people living with HIV: Emerging mechanisms and clinical implications

2 weeks ago
CONCLUSION: Epigenetic clocks may improve the assessment of biological aging in people living with HIV and could support risk stratification, early identification of frailty, and evaluation of interventions. However, longitudinal validation, standardized methods, adjustment for immune-cell composition, and evidence linking clock changes with meaningful clinical outcomes are required before these biomarkers can be used routinely in HIV care.
Alex Siu Wing Chan

The secret to longer life may be hidden in bat DNA

2 weeks ago
Long-lived bats appear to combine powerful immune defenses with unusual strategies for eliminating damaged cells, potentially helping them avoid cancer and disease for decades. Researchers hope these genetic tricks could eventually reveal new ways to protect human health during aging.

Aerobic exercise and the gut-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanistic perspectives, evidence appraisal, and future directions

2 weeks 1 day ago
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder in which neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, and impaired tissue resilience contribute to disease progression. Aerobic exercise is a widely applicable lifestyle intervention that has been increasingly investigated in AD; however, the mechanisms linking peripheral exercise adaptations to brain outcomes remain incompletely understood. This review evaluates the potential contribution of gut-derived...
Jiyou Wu

Predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of deep learning models for early-stage disease classification

2 weeks 1 day ago
CONCLUSION: Deep learning models hold considerable potential for predicting MCI-to-AD conversion, yet substantial barriers remain to their translation into routine clinical practice. Greater emphasis on longitudinal analysis, intelligent multimodal fusion, and interpretable architectures is essential for clinical impact. Future research should prioritize the development of diverse, multicenter datasets, advancement of explainable AI (XAI) techniques, and the design of personalized time-to-event...
Mozhgan Ghasabi

Transmembrane Protein PTCHD4 Is a Novel Regulator of Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Pathologies

2 weeks 1 day ago
Cellular senescence is a key driver of age-related pathologies. Our study focuses on PTCHD4, a transmembrane protein with previously undefined physiological functions in aging processes. We found that PTCHD4 expression was increased across multiple cellular senescence models and showed an age-associated increase in mouse tissues and human lung transcriptomic datasets. Functionally, PTCHD4 deficiency attenuated senescence progression, whereas its overexpression promoted this process. In vivo,...
Mingyue Wang

Parental longevity and polygenic longevity scores in relation to ageing-related factors in a population of 70-year-olds followed over six years: The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study

2 weeks 1 day ago
As societies age, a deeper understanding of ageing-related factors that contribute to longevity is needed. We therefore investigated possible longevity factors (social, medical, and biological) in relation to parental longevity (PL) and polygenic longevity scores (PGLSs). We examined 1126 70-year-olds from the Swedish population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort study in 2014-2016 (response rate 72%), with follow-up in 2019-2022 (response rate 77.6%). Comprehensive examinations included...
Nazib M Seidu

Ex vivo bone marrow subniches influence the fate of human antibody-secreting cells

2 weeks 1 day ago
Long-term humoral immunity relies on long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). However, the processes governing plasma cell transport, positioning, and longevity within the BM niche remain poorly understood, especially in humans. Most existing knowledge comes from mouse studies or limited human-based models, which makes translating findings to human biology challenging. Here, we introduce a physiologically relevant human bone marrow-on-a-chip (hBMOC) model to investigate the behavior and...
Liana Kramer

Mitochondrial Haplotype Shapes the Trajectory of Ovarian Aging in Genetically Heterogeneous Rats

2 weeks 1 day ago
Ovarian aging leads to permanent reproductive senescence and systemic hormonal changes that predispose women to age-associated comorbidities. Despite these observations, the intrinsic mechanisms driving age-related ovarian decline are poorly defined. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and instability are strongly associated with aging; however, it remains unknown if naturally occurring mitochondrial genetic variation influences the trajectory of ovarian aging. To address this, we compared two...
Subhasri Biswas