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Many worry about retribution. But for others, speaking out is worth the risk

Largest ever study of Tenochtitlan obsidian reveals complex trade networks and ritual preferences

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a vital component of the adult stem cell repertoire, are distinguished by their dual capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. The therapeutic effects of MSCs are primarily mediated through mechanisms such as homing, paracrine signaling, and cellular differentiation. Exosomes (Exos), a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs via the paracrine pathway, play a pivotal role in conveying the biological functions of MSCs. Accumulating...

Antibody and vaccine work is slowed after the National Institutes of Health loses as many as 2200 contract workers

Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), exhibits paradoxical effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD), demonstrating both neuroprotective and neurotoxic roles. While prior studies have investigated leucine's systemic and metabolic impacts, its influence on brain structure remains unexplored. This study aimed to fill this critical gap by examining the relationship between serum leucine levels, brain volume metrics, and cognitive performance in individuals across the AD continuum. Serum leucine...

Cellular senescence participates in the pathophysiology of post-stenotic kidney damage, but how it regulates tissue remodeling is incompletely understood. Macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) contributes to the development of tissue fibrosis. We hypothesized that cellular senescence contributes to MMT and renal fibrosis in mice with renal artery stenosis (RAS). INK-ATTAC mice expressing p16^(INK-4a) and green fluorescent protein in senescent cells were assigned to control or unilateral RAS,...

Defective ion channel turnover and clearance of damaged proteins are associated with aging and neurodegeneration. The L-type Ca(V)1.2 voltage-gated calcium channel mediates depolarization-induced calcium signals in heart and brain. Here, we determined the interaction surface between actin and two calcium channel subunits, Ca(V)β(2) and Ca(V)β(4), using cross-linking mass spectrometry and protein-protein docking, and uncovered a role in replenishing conduction-defective Ca(V)1.2 channels....

Cellular senescence is the permanent cessation of cell proliferation and growth. Senescent cells accumulating in tissues and organs with aging contribute to many chronic diseases, mainly through the secretion of a pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senotherapeutic (senolytic or senomorphic) strategies targeting senescent cells or/and their SASP are being developed to prolong healthy lifespan and treat age-related pathologies. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2...

CONCLUSION: The ToC is effective in identifying key characteristics of resources, interventions, impact, and outcomes of integrated care for OP. Our ICOPE program has been strengthened by ToC, which forms an integrated care model for assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation, adapted to a specific setting, and provides guidance for other areas in similar settings.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline. Metabolic dysfunctions, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have been implicated in AD pathogenesis, highlighting the potential for novel therapeutic approaches targeting shared underlying mechanisms. Here, we investigate sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for AD using Enavogliflozin, a potent SGLT2 inhibitor, in the 5XFAD mouse model....

CONCLUSION: The AMS was developed to identify older adults with PCML. The reliability and validity of the AMS and its interpretation strategies will be evaluated as the screening protocol is piloted.

Word-finding difficulty is a common challenge in older age and is linked to various neuropathological conditions associated with ageing. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown promise as a cognitive enhancement tool for both healthy aging and age- related cognitive disorders. However, its effectiveness in enhancing word-finding ability remains inconsistent, especially among healthy adults. Variability across studies is likely due to factors such as task selection, stimulation...

CONCLUSIONS: Men and later-born cohorts experienced significantly better mental and cognitive health than women and earlier-born cohorts. Age- and gender-related changes in mental and cognitive health in later life should be considered within the socio-culturally contextualized birth cohort.

Aging is accompanied by widespread DNA methylation changes across the genome. While age-related methylation studies typically focus on individual CpGs, cluster analysis provides more robust data and improved interpretation. We characterized age-associated CpG-cluster methylation changes in mouse spleens, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and livers. We identified a novel signature termed blanket methylations (BMs), fully methylated CpG clusters absent in young tissues but appearing in aged...

Appetite loss is a common clinical condition in older adulthood, but how this condition associates with biological aging remains unknown. The present study aims to examine the associations of biological aging markers with appetite loss in community-dwelling people aged 21 to 102 years. This retrospective case-control study used baseline data from the INSPIRE-T cohort in Toulouse, France. Each of the 49 cases with appetite loss was sex- and age-matched to two controls without appetite loss (n =...

Behavior is more complex than scientists realized, could reveal origins of musicality

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is initiated by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation in the neocortex; however, the cortical layers and neuronal cell types first susceptible to Aβ remain unknown. Using in vivo two-photon Ca^(2+) imaging in the visual cortex of AD mouse models, we found that cortical layer 5 neurons displayed abnormally prolonged Ca^(2+) transients before substantial plaque formation. Neuropixels recordings revealed that these abnormal transients were associated with reduced spiking and...

The onset of Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia is closely associated with the aggregation of tau, a multifunctional protein essential for neuronal stability and function. Given the role of tau aggregation in neurodegeneration, understanding the mechanisms behind its fibril formation is crucial for developing therapeutic interventions to halt or reverse disease progression. However, the structural complexity and diverse aggregation pathways of tau present significant challenges,...

Computational research tools have reached a level of maturity that enables efficient simulation of neural activity across diverse scales. Concurrently, experimental neuroscience is experiencing an unprecedented scale of data generation. Despite these advancements, our understanding of the precise mechanistic relationship between neural recordings and key aspects of neural activity remains insufficient, including which specific features of electrophysiological population dynamics (i.e., putative...

The recent emergence of wearable devices will enable large scale remote brain monitoring. This study investigated whether multimodal wearable sleep recordings could help screening for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Measurements were acquired simultaneously from polysomnography and a wearable device, measuring electroencephalography (EEG) and accelerometry (ACM) in 67 elderly without cognitive symptoms and 35 AD patients. Sleep staging was performed using an AI model (SeqSleepNet), followed by feature...