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Termites enlist microbes to defend their crops from undesirable fungi

For 26 years, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has re-created the quark-gluon plasma that filled the infant universe

A “crisis” that rocked the island of Santorini may reveal a shared magma system between two volcanoes with explosive histories

AIMS: This study protocol aims to outline a mixed-methods study of the implementation of the BE-EMPOWERed program in four primary care areas (PCAs) in Flanders. The study assesses implementation processes and outcomes, while exploring its effectiveness on clinical outcomes.

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Immune mechanisms contribute to the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the role of adaptive immune cells is unclear. Here we show that the brain CD8^(+) T cell compartment is dysregulated in AD patients and in the 3xTg-AD mouse model, accumulating activated CD103^(-) tissue-resident memory T cells that produce large amounts of granzyme K (GrK). These CD103^(-)CD8^(+) T cells originate from the circulation and migrate into the brain using LFA-1 integrin. Ablation of brain...

Brain-computer interface research can inspire closed-loop neuromodulation therapies, promising spatiotemporal precision for the treatment of brain disorders. Decoding dynamic patient states from brain signals with machine learning is required to leverage this precision, but a standardized framework for invasive brain signal decoding from neural implants does not exist. Here we develop a platform that integrates brain signal decoding with magnetic resonance imaging connectomics and demonstrate...

As the only gateway governing nucleocytoplasmic transport, the nuclear pore complex (NPC) maintains fundamental cellular processes and deteriorates with age. However, the study of age-related roles of single NPC components remains challenging owing to the complexity of NPC composition. Here, we demonstrate that the central energy sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), post-translationally regulates the abundance of the nucleoporin NPP-16/NUP50 in response to nutrient availability and...

Our previous studies demonstrated that both D-galactose (D-gal)-mediated aging and high-fat diet (HF)-promoted obesity trigger inflammation, impair mitochondrial function in heart and brain, and disrupt bone homeostasis. However, the dental pulp pathologies in aging and obesity remain unclear. Insight into pulp biology under systemic conditions may facilitate strategies for maintaining pulp vitality. This study explored the effects of D-gal-mediated aging and HF-promoted obesity and...

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Ubiquitin is a conserved modifier regulating the stability and function of numerous target proteins. In all eukaryotes, polyubiquitin precursors are generated and processed into ubiquitin monomers. The final ubiquitin unit always contains a C-terminal extension, but its physiological significance is unknown. Here, we show that C-terminally extended ubiquitin, termed CxUb, is essential for stress resistance, mitophagy, and longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans. CxUb...

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has emerged as a widely accessible and cost-effective marker of systemic inflammation, derived from routine peripheral blood counts. It has demonstrated clinical relevance across a broad spectrum of conditions, including infections, cardiovascular disease, malignancies, trauma, postoperative complications, and cancer. Aging is associated with a gradual rise in NLR, driven by increasing neutrophil counts and declining lymphocyte numbers, reflecting...

Human development involves multiple signaling pathways acting concertedly in an age- and sex-specific fashion. Trisomy 21, the genetic cause of Down syndrome, dysregulates human development leading to both early neurodevelopmental delays and atypical accelerated aging through unknown mechanisms. Here, we report an integrated multi-omic analysis of the effects of age, sexual dimorphism, and trisomy 21 in hundreds of research participants using matched transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and...

Physical inactivity and low fitness have become global health concerns. Metabolomics, as an integrative approach, may link fitness to molecular changes. In this study, we analyzed blood metabolomes from elderly individuals under different treatments. By defining two fitness groups and their corresponding metabolite profiles, we applied several machine learning classifiers to identify key metabolite biomarkers. Aspartate consistently emerged as a dominant fitness marker. We further defined a body...

Small molecular food components contribute to the health benefits of diets rich in fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices. The cellular mechanisms by which noncaloric bioactives promote healthspan are not well understood, limiting their use in disease prevention. Here, we deploy a whole-organism, high-content screen in zebrafish to profile food-derived compounds for activation of autophagy, a cellular quality control mechanism that promotes healthy aging. We identify thymol and carvacrol as...

Metabolic dysregulation can lead to inflammatory responses^(1,2). Imbalanced nucleotide synthesis triggers the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the cytosol and an innate immune response through cGAS-STING signalling³. However, how nucleotide deficiency drives mtDNA-dependent inflammation has not been elucidated. Here we show that nucleotide imbalance leads to an increased misincorporation of ribonucleotides into mtDNA during age-dependent renal inflammation in a mouse model lacking the...

Companion dogs have emerged as a valuable model in the study of cognitive aging, but assessments of cognitive function in large, diverse, and geographically distributed samples of dogs are challenging to obtain. We developed two novel functional assessments of short-term spatial memory that were administered by community science participants in a sample of 6,753 dogs through the Dog Aging Project. We compared data generated by community scientists to those gathered by research professionals,...

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus accelerate aging, shortening the duration of healthspan. Conversely, chronic calorie restriction (CR) extends healthspan. Research aimed at understanding the mechanism by which CR slows aging has focused heavily on insulin and downstream signaling cascades. Glucagon, a hormone that counter-regulates insulin, is commonly affected by these same interventions. To investigate the role of glucagon in aging, we used dietary manipulation, global and liver-specific...

CONCLUSIONS: The central symptoms and their intricate connections in the network play an importance role in gaining the underlying pathological mechanisms, as well as potential interventions for comorbidity in community older adults.