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Geometric shapes on 40,000-year-old bone and ivory suggest early European Homo sapiens long possessed cognitive tools for language

Search through space telescope’s archival images reveals unusually dim galaxy

Two-billion-year-old rocks in China suggest mountain building from Earth’s first supercontinent led to a planetwide burst of erosion

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The high prevalence and cross-country differences highlight the complexity of multimorbidity among adults aged 50 years and older in Europe and Israel. The findings reinforce the influence of demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors and emphasize the need for public policies promoting healthy aging and integrated health care.

Entropy may play an underappreciated role in human aging, such as in skeletal muscle functional declines. Histologically, muscle appears increasingly disorganized with aging, with greater fiber size variability and fiber-type grouping. We tested the hypothesis that entropy is associated with reduced physical performance and muscle function, independent of muscle mass. We quantified a homeostatic dysregulation index of muscle (HDI(M)) as a proxy for entropy of muscle fiber disorganization based...

Clonal haematopoiesis (CH) is the presence of acquired mutations in blood cells and is a consequence of ageing that is linked to malignancy, cardiovascular disease and other diseases of ageing. CH is a reflection of genomic instability with ageing; however, there is evidence that CH may exacerbate features of normal ageing, including inflammageing and immunosenescence, and more directly contribute to disease causation. CH can manifest as mosaic loss of X or Y, autosomal mosaic chromosomal...

With the introduction of adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) for Parkinson's disease, new questions emerge regarding who, why, and how to treat. This paper outlines the pathophysiological rationale for aDBS, which provides real-time modulation of the stimulation amplitude based on subthalamic beta (range 13-30 Hz) activity and related physiomarkers. We review clinical evidence comparing aDBS with conventional DBS in terms of motor improvement, side-effect reduction, energy efficiency, and...

Ageing is associated with a loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function, termed sarcopenia. The presence of sarcopenia is known to be problematic leading to an increased risk of falls, fractures and mortality. Age-related changes in the gut microbiome, characterized by reduced diversity and altered metabolite production, may compromise intestinal barrier function, leading to increased permeability. These age-associated changes in the gut microbiome led to changes in circulating microbial...

Aqueous Zn | |I(2) batteries, involving I^(-)/I⁰/I^(+) redox, are promising yet usually facing low I(2) utilization dominated by I⁰/I^(+) redox, especially under high loadings. Unlocking alternative pathway to I⁰/I^(+) redox, preferably in noncorrosive dilute electrolytes, is a crucial solution. Here, we report a pathway towards more thermodynamically favorable I⁰/I^(+) redox, via a unique carbon-halogen bond substitution. This pathway is realized with a low-concentrated (0.7 M), noncorrosive...