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Light pollution and turbulence from wind turbines would worsen views of the distant cosmos

“We can’t do science without these,” one researcher says of the hundreds of journals no longer accessible

But many U.S.-based scientists seeking to leave may struggle to find positions in countries grappling with funding issues of their own

Pioneering trials discover potential strategy to keep virus in check after stopping treatment

Mutations that accumulate in the human male germline with age are a major driver of genetic diversity and contribute to genetic diseases. However, aging-related male germline mutation rates have not been measured directly in germline cells (sperm) at the level of individuals. We developed a study design in which we recalled 23 sperm donors with prior banked samples to provide new sperm samples. The old and new sequential sperm samples were separated by long timespans, ranging from 10 to 33...

Hydropower, an important renewable energy source worldwide, is threatened by reservoir sedimentation. Ecological restoration (ER) can mitigate this by reducing upstream sediment, thereby extending hydropower facilities' lifespan. However, ER may also reduce runoff, potentially diminishing energy generation and complicating its overall impact on hydropower potential. Here, we examine China's Yellow River, once the world's most sediment-laden river, using eco-hydrological and reservoir regulation...

Changes in β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (T) in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) precede Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms, making the CSF proteome a potential avenue to understand disease pathophysiology and facilitate reliable diagnostics and therapies. Using the AT framework and a three-stage study design (discovery, replication, and meta-analysis), we identified 2,173 analytes (2,029 unique proteins) dysregulated in AD. Of these, 865 (43%) were previously reported, and 1,164...

The Enteric Nervous System (ENS), often called the "second brain," is a complex network of neurons and glial cells within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It functions autonomously while maintaining close communication with the central nervous system (CNS) via the gut-brain axis (GBA). ENS dysfunction plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorder. Disruptions such as altered...

Endothelial cells (ECs) help maintain the blood-brain barrier but deteriorate in many neurodegenerative disorders. Here we show, using a specialized method to isolate EC and microglial nuclei from postmortem human cortex (92 donors, 50 male and 42 female, aged 20-98 years), that intranuclear cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes enables simultaneous profiling of nuclear proteins and RNA transcripts at a single-nucleus resolution. We identify a disease-associated subset of capillary...

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Speech comprehension in noisy environments constitutes a critical challenge in everyday life and affects people of all ages. This challenging listening situation can be alleviated using semantic context to predict upcoming words (i.e., predictability gain)-a process associated with the domain-specific semantic network. When no such context can be used, speech comprehension in challenging listening conditions relies on cognitive control functions, underpinned by domain-general networks. Most...

Changes in β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (T) in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) precede Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms, making the CSF proteome a potential avenue to understand disease pathophysiology and facilitate reliable diagnostics and therapies. Using the AT framework and a three-stage study design (discovery, replication, and meta-analysis), we identified 2,173 analytes (2,029 unique proteins) dysregulated in AD. Of these, 865 (43%) were previously reported, and 1,164...

The liver is a metabolic powerhouse, crucial for regulating carbohydrates, fats, and protein metabolism. In this study, we conducted a comparative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of aging mouse livers from young adults (3-4 months) and old (19-21 months) mice to identify age-related changes in liver proteins and phosphosites, which were linked to various metabolic pathways. In old mice, proteins associated with the "complement and coagulation cascade," "age-rage signaling in diabetic...

The initial setting of telomere length during early life in each individual has a major influence on lifetime risk of aging-associated diseases; however there is limited knowledge of biological signals that regulate inheritance of telomere length, and whether it is modifiable is not known. We now show that when mitochondrial activity is disrupted in mouse zygotes, via exposure to 20% O(2) or rotenone, telomere elongation between the 8-cell and blastocyst stage is impaired, with shorter telomeres...

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Ageing-induced skeletal muscle deterioration contributes to sarcopenia and frailty, adversely impacting the quality of life in the elderly. However, the molecular mechanisms behind primate skeletal muscle ageing remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that SIRT5 expression is reduced in aged primate skeletal muscles from both genders. SIRT5 deficiency in human myotubes hastens cellular senescence and intensifies inflammation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that TBK1 is a natural substrate for...

Social disadvantage, like advanced age, is a risk factor for a broad range of health conditions; however, whether it influences the aging process remains unclear. Here, using a multicohort approach, we investigated the associations of social disadvantage with age-related plasma proteins and age-related diseases. We found proteomic signatures of accelerated immune aging and 14 specific age-related proteins linked to social disadvantage during both early and later life. Individuals experiencing...

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of frailty among older adults with comorbidities is exceptionally high, influenced by various dimensions from health ecology perspective. Psychological care and daily behavior management should be strengthened for the frail older with multimorbidity. Precise and individualized care interventions need to be developed to help promote healthy aging.