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Aerobic exercise attenuates age-related physiological decline, potentially through favorable modulation of gut microbiota diversity. The purpose of this study was to characterize aerobic exercise training (ET)-induced alterations in the gut microbiome of aging, genetically heterogeneous UM-HET3 mice and examine associations between microbial shifts and changes in body composition (body weight, lean mass, and fat mass) and exercise capacity (total work, distance, and duration). Male UM-HET3 mice...

CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide a valuable reference for cost-effectiveness studies on interventions for older adults, enabling policymakers to assess the economic viability of allocating healthcare resources to this population. Furthermore, policymakers can consider the reasons behind older adults' reluctance to invest in longer, healthier lives, which could inform targeted strategies to encourage greater investment in their health.

Proteomic ageing clocks are emerging tools that estimate biological age from protein abundance patterns. Most models are developed using blood capturing inflammatory, metabolic, and extracellular proteins, including secreted signalling factors. Large-scale plasma studies now predict chronological age, disease risk and mortality, but muscle-related models remain indirect, relying on organ-enriched circulating proteins rather than biopsy-derived skeletal muscle clocks. We review current proteomic...