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Alzheimer's disease remains a major neurodegenerative disorder for which effective disease-modifying treatments are limited. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy provides a strategy for sustained modulation of disease-related pathways in the central nervous system. Recent studies have explored this approach for regulating amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, genetic risk factors and neurotrophic support. This review summarizes the biological basis for...

Mitochondrial dysfunction drives scleroderma pathogenesis. The mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) regulates mitochondrial function. Parthenolide (PTL) has protective effects on mitochondria. However, its specific role and mechanisms in localized scleroderma (LoS) remain unclear. This study investigates whether PTL reduces senescence and skin fibrosis by stabilizing MAM in LoS and examines the protective effects of a synthesized thermosensitive controlled-release...

Aging is accompanied by progressive immune remodeling and functional decline across multiple organs. However, the role of neutrophils and their heterogeneous states in these processes remains incompletely understood. Here we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from multiple organs of young and aged mice to characterize aging-associated neutrophil remodeling. We identified organ-dependent changes in neutrophil abundance and state composition, together with neutrophil subsets enriched...

Skeletal muscle aging is increasingly recognized as a failure of tissue-level coordination rather than a consequence of isolated defects in individual cell types. Recent advances in single-cell, spatial, and multimodal omics have revealed that aging remodels the abundance, functional states, and interactions of muscle-resident populations, shifting the tissue from a regenerative niche toward a degenerative niche. In this Review, we summarize current evidence supporting this conceptual transition...