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While osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally been viewed as a localized joint disorder, systemic metabolic dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to its pathogenesis. Here, we identify a liver-cartilage micronutrient axis in which hepatic dysfunction promotes OA through impaired selenium (Se) metabolism. Nationwide cohorts reveal elevated OA prevalence among individuals with liver disease. In murine models of acute and chronic liver injury and metabolic dysfunction-associated...

Immunosenescence-the age-associated remodeling of the immune system-has emerged as a potential modifier of chronic inflammatory disease. This review examines the evidence that immunosenescence may contribute to the chronicity, refractoriness, and therapeutic heterogeneity of uveitis, and considers the clinical and translational implications of this framework. It first outlines the features of immune aging, including thymic involution, contraction of the naïve T cell pool, accumulation of memory...

CONCLUSION: A significant correlation between fatigue (MF and SPF) and inflammation was found. Among the inflammatory biomarkers investigated, IL-6 showed the most consistent association with both MF and SPF across the included studies.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), caused by the rupture of blood vessels within the brain parenchyma, represents the most severe form of stroke, characterized by the highest mortality rate and predominantly affecting the elderly population. Glial cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, serve as the resident immune cells of the central nervous system and undergo significant metabolic reprogramming following ICH. Microglia exhibit dual roles in post-ICH tissue damage by...

CONCLUSION: Sensory impairment, particularly dual sensory impairment, was most consistently associated with early cognitive deterioration and reduced cognitive recovery. It was not consistently associated with higher dementia progression or mortality transition rates. Death-inclusive multistate modeling may help identify where potentially modifiable sensory impairment is related to cognitive ageing trajectories.

INTRODUCTION: Despite growing interest in age-related cortical mechanisms of postural control, heterogeneity across studies has limited the synthesis of existing evidence. This systematic review aimed to (1) characterize age-related alterations in cortical activity during standing balance tasks with sensory, cognitive, and mechanical challenges; (2) examine the association between cortical activity and postural sway; and (3) characterize the current methodology of assessing cortical activity...

Aging is associated with declining protective immunity and increased autoreactivity, yet the mechanisms linking these processes remain incompletely understood. B lymphocytes are central to this paradox because they integrate antigen recognition, innate signaling, and differentiation under tightly regulated tolerance checkpoints. This review advances the hypothesis that aging appears to drive a progressive, B cell-intrinsic relaxation of central and peripheral tolerance, leading to the...

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a heterogeneous clinical state where some individuals remain stable while others progress to dementia. Identification of patients who are at high risk for near-term conversion remains a critical challenge for timely intervention. We developed an explainable multimodal machine-learning framework to predict progression from MCI to dementia within a clinically meaningful two-year period. We analyzed 2008 samples from 828 unique MCI subjects from the...

CONCLUSION: Faster gait speed was associated with a lower risk of mortality in adults aged 90 and older. These results were consistent across gender, race/ethnicity, and assistive device use, but differed by age group. Routine gait speed assessment may serve as a simple clinical tool to identify oldest-old adults at higher risk of mortality.