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Scientists have uncovered a hidden immune system "brake" that may help cancers avoid being destroyed. The molecule, called SLAMF6, weakens the body's cancer-fighting T cells and can leave them exhausted over time. Researchers developed antibodies that block this brake, allowing immune cells to stay stronger and attack tumors more effectively in mice.

The largest review ever conducted on opioids for acute pain found that these widely prescribed drugs often deliver only small, short-lived benefits. For many common conditions, including some surgeries and kidney stone pain, opioids performed no better than a placebo. Researchers also found higher rates of side effects and warned that dependence can begin after only a short period of use.

Chikwe Ihekweazu, on the ground in Congo, discusses challenges of bringing the outbreak under control

Independent vlogger Geng Hongwei galvanizes often-sluggish institutions to investigate and punish prominent scientists

Government proposal to speed up development could harm protected plants and animals, scientists say

Researchers say changes could further burden the understaffed agency

Researchers have identified a new Alzheimer’s target and created an experimental compound that blocks a damaging process inside brain cells. In mice, the treatment slowed nerve cell loss, reduced Alzheimer’s-related changes, and even appeared to promote healthier aging.

Scientists have uncovered a key brain signal that helps us break old habits and adapt when circumstances suddenly change. By watching mice navigate a virtual maze, researchers found that disappointment—when an expected reward failed to appear—triggered a surge of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, making the animals more likely to try a new strategy. When acetylcholine was blocked, the mice became less flexible and were more likely to stick with outdated choices.

Lewy bodies, the defining pathological feature of Parkinson's disease, are intraneuronal inclusions enriched in aggregated alpha-synuclein (αSyn). We used correlative light and electron microscopy to selectively investigate phosphorylated αSyn (αSyn^(pS129))-positive inclusions in the substantia nigra of end-stage postmortem Parkinson's disease brain. Here we show that somatic αSyn^(pS129) inclusions in nigral dopaminergic neurons are consistently fibrillar, whereas the membranous-type...

An increasing number of studies indicate that ferroptosis, a lethal pathway initiated by excessive iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, and pivotal to the survival of dopaminergic neurons and the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), may be regulated by the lysosomal pathway. Mutation and loss of function of the lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase, induce the accumulation of glycosphingolipids and alterations in lysosome activity, which have been associated with a higher risk of developing PD....

Neurons and glia work together to dynamically regulate neural circuit assembly and maintenance. In this study, we show that Drosophila exhibit large-scale synapse formation and elimination as part of normal CNS circuit maturation and that glia use conserved molecules to regulate these processes. Using a high-throughput ELISA-based in vivo screening assay, we identify new glial genes that regulate synapse numbers in Drosophila in vivo, including the scavenger receptor ortholog Croquemort (Crq)....