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A pair of studies illuminates these humans’ long, hardscrabble existence

Given autonomous control of other software, programs shared private medical details and deleted files without permission

At least 56 cultural sites have been damaged since strikes began in February—but internet blackouts and academic isolation are obscuring the true toll

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BACKGROUND: Evidence, including animal, clinical, and real-world studies in individuals with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity, suggests reduced risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease after GLP-1 receptor agonist exposure. The evoke and evoke+ trials aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in individuals with early Alzheimer's disease.

Engineered exosomes are modified extracellular vesicles designed to enhance targeting and cargo delivery, and they have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. We systematically reviewed preclinical animal studies evaluating engineered exosomes, synthesized evidence from comparisons with disease models and with natural exosomes, and reported the study in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Outcomes included spatial learning and memory assessed by the Morris water...

Cognitive aging is a highly heterogeneous process, with some individuals preserving stable cognitive performance across the lifespan while others exhibiting pronounced decline. This marked interindividual variability indicates that chronological age alone is a poor predictor of cognitive health. Rather than reflecting uniform degeneration, cognitive aging emerges from divergent biological trajectories spanning molecular, cellular, and network levels. In this review, we synthesize emerging...

Macrophages serve as major defenders against pathogens, playing a crucial role in the initiation and modulation of immune responses. Age-related decline in macrophage functions is attributed to a complex network of cellular senescence and immunosenescence. The onset of cellular senescence is often a consequence of sustained oxidative stress, which is worsened by immunosenescence. Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has emerged as a promising candidate for promoting healthy aging...

Engineering red blood cells (RBCs) has been widely explored for drug delivery, imaging, vaccination, and other applications. However, effective strategies to directly engineer RBCs in vivo are still lacking. Here, we report successful metabolic glycan labeling of RBCs in vivo. We demonstrate that systemically administered azido-sugars can metabolically label circulating RBCs with azido groups, through labeling of both mature RBCs and RBC precursor cells. The surface azido tags on RBCs can...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, multisystem neurodegenerative disorder characterized not only by motor impairments but also by a broad spectrum of debilitating non-motor symptoms, including cognitive decline. The cognitive function depends on neuronal plasticity, which is tightly regulated by multiple signaling systems, among which the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a significant role. Over the past three decades, substantial evidence has accumulated regarding how endogenous...

The neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) plays dual, context-dependent roles in the nervous system that are regulated by ligand binding, co-receptor interactions, and microenvironmental cues. During neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, and in neurodegenerative disorders, p75NTR orchestrates opposing cellular responses: it can support neuronal homeostasis through pro-survival pathways, while also initiating apoptotic and inflammatory cascades that exacerbate disease progression. In Alzheimer's...

Cognitive reserve (CR) and brain maintenance (BM) reflect better than expected cognition despite brain pathology and minimal age-related brain changes that explain stable cognition, respectively. Despite being commonly used, joint quantification of these concepts has been limited; our aim is to derive longitudinal CR and BM measures and investigate CR's relationship with education and functional connectivity. We analyzed longitudinal data from 451 participants (241 female, age(mean) = 68.5...

Life expectancy (LE) at birth has increased in many countries throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Future LE values are estimated by extrapolating existing data. However, it remains difficult to determine the LE limit using mathematical models such as the Kannisto model and the Gompertz function due to significant random fluctuations in centenarian mortality rates. There are 12 biological hallmarks of ageing, including epigenetic changes and senescent cells. These microscopic...

The microbiota of intestinal origin has a significant impact on the aging process, affecting skin health and overall cell longevity. Aging is marked by physiological alterations, such as enhanced oxidative stress, which is intensified by external factors like UV radiation and environmental pollution. The gut microbiota profoundly influences immune functions and results in reduced inflammation, which contributes to the anti-aging process. The present review is an attempt to showcase the current...

The thymus, a primary lymphoid organ essential for lifelong T cell development, undergoes progressive age-related involution. The thymus is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), but the extent of innervation and its relationship to the microenvironment or age-related involution remain unclear. Here, we provide a detailed mapping of thymic sympathetic innervation using advanced imaging methods to characterize its distribution and relationship with vascular structures, capsule, and...

Tendon injuries are common and heal poorly, whereas developing tendons repair with minimal scarring; how this capacity declines with age remains poorly understood. Here, we combine histology, single-nucleus, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomic profiling of human Achilles and quadriceps tendons across embryonic, fetal, and adult stages, including ruptured adult tendons. We identify seven embryonic progenitor states that are predicted to contribute to three tendon-associated...