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The cerebellum contains most of the brain's neurons and supports many functions, yet how it changes with age remains unclear. Here we used three brain imaging studies spanning 47,000 adults and examined how different parts of the cerebellum age and their relation to cognition. We characterized cerebellar aging using volumetry and the T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio, and corroborated these findings with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in an independent sample. We show a spatially...

Sirtuins are deacetylases implicated in stress responses and longevity in mammals^(1,2). Although their differential impact on disease for the two sexes has been noted^(3-7), the underlying reasons are unclear. Here, using Sirt7 as a model in mice, we examine the mechanisms leading to sex differences and find that Sirt7^(-/-) female mice have decreased fitness throughout their lifespan. Notably, SIRT7 preferentially localizes to the sex chromosomes. In female individuals, SIRT7 loss affects...

Anode-less aqueous zinc batteries offer a promising route to energy-dense and intrinsically safe energy storage, yet their practical deployment is hindered by poor reversibility under constrained zinc inventory. Here, we identify galvanic corrosion between deposited zinc and current collectors as a critical but previously underappreciated degradation pathway in anode-less aqueous zinc batteries. A hybrid passivation layer, comprising an electrically insulating polymer matrix embedded with...

Cognitive decline is a central feature of aging and a major determinant of disability and mortality. Understanding cognitive trajectories is essential for identifying individuals at risk and informing preventive strategies. In this study, we estimated transition probabilities across cognitive states and examined predictors of cognitive deficit and mortality among 1,413 community-dwelling older adults for nine years. Cognitive status was assessed at baseline and at two follow-up waves (2006,...

Metabolic disorders, particularly insulin resistance, are increasingly recognized as accelerators of female reproductive decline. However, the molecular mechanisms by which peripheral metabolic stress translates into impaired ovarian reserve remain incompletely understood. Here, we propose that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signaling, serves as a molecular bridge linking systemic insulin resistance to aging-relevant ovarian dysfunction and can be...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and chronic neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence from preclinical models suggests that aberrant immune crosstalk between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and microglia may contribute to disease progression, though its precise role in human AD remains to be fully elucidated. In rodent models, Tregs have been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and, through cell-contact-dependent mechanisms and...

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Richard Bischof’s devices aim to make telemetry research cheaper, higher quality, and more humane