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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is central to energy metabolism, redox reactions, and cellular signaling. However, human evidence linking circulating NAD⁺ concentrations to frailty remains limited. We examined the association of whole-blood NAD⁺ concentration with frailty in community-dwelling older adults. This cross-sectional analysis included community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years from the 2025 Itabashi Longitudinal Study on Aging. Frailty was assessed using the revised Japanese...

The distinction between healthy and pathological ageing has led to the concept of vitality capacity, which can be understood as the body's physiological reserve and estimated using 12 biomarkers distributed across three domains: immune and stress response, energy and metabolism, and neuromuscular function. This physiological reserve may be preserved by lifelong physical activity. This exploratory cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between vitality capacity and lifelong...

Clonal haematopoiesis (CH) is driven by somatic mutations in haematopoietic stem cells that generate clonal populations detectable in peripheral blood and is present in 10-20% of individuals over the age of 65. Mutations in DNMT3A and TET2 are the most common drivers and have been linked to inflammatory phenotypes and increased risk of haematologic and cardiovascular disease. However, the cell-intrinsic mechanisms connecting these mutations to inflammatory signalling remain incompletely...

Aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the role of the cardiac lymphatic vasculature in this process remains poorly understood. Here we show that aging reduces cardiac lymphatic vessel density in humans and mice and induces structural remodeling characterized by tighter, zipper-like endothelial junctions. These changes are associated with immune cell infiltration, fibrinogen and amyloid accumulation, and myocardial edema. Selective reduction of cardiac lymphatics in young...