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Loss of federal support leads to staff layoffs and fewer committees of outside experts

With China’s surge in renewable energy, greenhouse gases are reaching a turning point

Studies raise questions about the benefits of adjusting flight paths to minimize heat-trapping clouds

Science talks with two scientists about finding the beauty in nature’s mosaics

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common cause of dementia and affects millions of people worldwide. The early and accurate diagnosis of AD is crucial for timely intervention and disease management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used noninvasive technique for assessing brain structure and function in patients with AD. However, conventional MRI analysis methods are often subjective, time-consuming, and depend on expert knowledge. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep...

Damaged mitochondria can be cleared from the cell by mitophagy, using a pathway formed by the recessive Parkinson's disease genes PINK1 and Parkin. Whether the pathway senses diverse forms of mitochondrial damage via a common mechanism, however, remains uncertain. Here, using a novel Parkin reporter in genome-wide screens, we identified that diverse forms of mitochondrial damage converge on loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) to activate PINK1. Loss of MMP, but not the presequence...

Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PVNs) stabilize cortical network activity, generate gamma rhythms, and regulate experience-dependent plasticity. We found that PVNs act like a volume knob in the mouse auditory cortex (ACtx), bi-directionally adjusting neural and perceptual sensitivity to sound level over a 20 dB range. PVN-based gain adjustments were "sticky," such that a single bout of PVN activation at 40 Hz-but not at 1 or 70 Hz-sustainably dampened ACtx sound responsiveness,...

Identifying practical ways to counteract aging and associated degenerative disorders is urgently needed. We performed deep molecular profiling and functional assessments in aging male mice to show that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment broadly counteracts age-related changes. In mice treated with a GLP-1RA from 11 months for 30 weeks, we observed strong body-wide multi-omic age-counteracting effects and improved selected physical functions. Importantly, the effects...

Fall detection systems are crucial for ensuring the safety of older adults, given the potential for severe injuries resulting from falls. However, developing accurate and reliable detection methods faces challenges due to the rarity of fall events and limited training data. This review provides an in-depth examination of recent progress in fall detection technologies for older adults, with particular attention to addressing the scarcity of data. This review is novel in that it integrates...

Adipocyte deposition is believed to be a primary characteristic of age-related thymic involution, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We show here that thymic mesenchymal stromal cells (tMSCs) have a higher tendency to differentiate into adipocytes and melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) is a potential driver of tMSCs adipogenesis. Furthermore, we discover that thymosin-α1 promotes MRAP expression in tMSCs through FoxO1 signaling pathway....

This study investigates how the transition to retirement influenced the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in Europe. We employed a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity design to assess the impact of retirement on COVID-19 vaccination, accounting for unobserved confounding and controlling for factors such as subjective health status, age, vaccination for other diseases, medication use, cancer diagnosis, and internet use. We used individual-level data from the Corona Surveys of the Survey of...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) accelerates cardiovascular aging through intermittent hypoxia (IH). We exposed mice to 22 months of IH, modeling lifelong OSA. Compared to controls, IH mice exhibited higher mortality, elevated blood pressure, impaired systolic and diastolic function, vascular stiffening, reduced coronary reserve, and ECG abnormalities. These findings suggest that chronic IH significantly exacerbates cardiovascular decline with aging, underscoring the importance of early OSA...

Collagen supplementation has gained attention with increasing claims regarding its beneficial effects on healthy aging based on clinical observations and lifespan extension in pre-clinical models; however, how and which part of an ingested collagen promotes healthy longevity is unknown. Here, we identified the minimal required unit of ingested collagen, which consists of the proper ratio of three glycine to one proline to one hydroxyproline that was sufficient to increase the motility-healthspan...

The prostate is a multifunctional organ of the male reproductive system whose aging process impairs sexual and urinary function and fertility and increases disease susceptibility, thereby compromising quality of life. However, the mechanisms underlying human prostate aging remain poorly understood. Here we integrated single-nucleus transcriptomics and histological analyses to elucidate the aging mechanisms of the primate prostate. We identified epithelial cell senescence, chronic inflammation...

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is capable of reversing many aging-related metabolic differences in the proteome, but studies using proteomics to investigate the mechanism of the effects of HIIT on hepatic metabolic function in aged rats have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of 8 months of HIIT on mitochondrial oxidative function, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the liver of aged rats, and further explored the possible mechanisms of the metabolic...

Aging may be conceptualized as a wound that fails to heal, characterized by persistent, unresolved inflammation. Building on Ogrodnik's "unhealed wound" model, this Perspective extends the Exposure-Related Malnutrition (ERM) framework to propose a bioenergetic interpretation of aging. ERM links chronic stress adaptation, nutrient misallocation, and mitochondrial insufficiency to sustained bioenergetic debt that impedes the transition from catabolic containment to anabolic repair. Across tissues,...

Aging involves progressive accumulation of molecular and cellular damage, leading to functional decline and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases. Natural low-molecular-weight geroprotectors are substances of plant and food origin capable of modulating key mechanisms of aging. Based on current scientific data, sixteen fundamental mechanisms of aging are analyzed, and compounds from food that demonstrate potential in slowing age-related changes are presented. Special attention is paid...