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Concentrating funding at high-powered universities can maximize output, paper argues, but may sacrifice broader benefits

Overlooked rock samples from 640 million years ago record microbes hanging on beneath frozen oceans

The prestigious organization faces funding challenges and political controversies

In exclusive chat with Science, Loreen Willenberg describes remaining HIV-free even after immune-suppressing therapies for brain and lung tumors

The Rab3 protein family is composed of a series of small GTP-binding proteins, including Rab3a, Rab3b, Rab3c, and Rab3d, termed Rab3s. They play crucial roles in health, including in brain function, such as through the regulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal activities. In the high-energy-demanding and high-traffic neurons, the Rab3s regulate essential cellular processes, including trafficking of synaptic vesicles and lysosomal positioning, which are pivotal for the maintenance of...

Microglial spatial heterogeneity remains a crucial yet not fully answered question in the context of potential cell-directed therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is an unclear understanding of the dynamics of distinct microglia states adjacent to or far from amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and their contributions to neurodegenerative diseases. Here we combine multicolor fluorescence cell fate mapping, single-cell transcriptional analysis, epigenetic profiling, immunohistochemistry and...

Aging is a complex biological process driven by genetic and immune-mediated mechanisms, yet the causal roles of immune-cell-specific gene regulation remain unclear. In this study, we integrate single-cell expression quantitative trait loci (sc-eQTL) data with Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses to identify immune-mediated regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets for aging. Using data from 14 immune cell types, we systematically evaluated 8,733 eGenes for causal effects...

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To understand observed spatial distributions of white-matter (WM) aging, developmentally driven theories termed "retrogenesis" have gained traction, positing that WM tract development order predicts order of declines, with later developing regions expected to deteriorate first, i.e., "last-in-first-out." Alternatively, regions that develop most rapidly may decline most rapidly in aging, i.e., "gains-predict-loss." The validity of such theories remains uncertain, partly due to lack of clarity in...

Sporadic Alzheimer's disease and some forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-tau) are neurological disorders of later life where cognitive deficits follow from the progressive accumulation of microtubule-associated tau protein. Disease-related tau accumulation is marked by altered subcellular distribution and rearrangement of this natively unstructured protein into alternative conformational forms, including highly organized fibrillar assemblies. With a partial analogy to effects seen...

CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms moderated the mediation of ADL on an indirect, negative correlation between DSI and SP. The findings contribute to existing knowledge by illustrating the fundamental mechanisms connecting DSI and SP. These Findings highlight the need for integrated interventions targeting both sensory impairment and mental health to mitigate SP decline in aging populations.

CONCLUSION: The study adds to a growing body of research demonstrating the feasibility and utility of online cognitive testing for reaching large cohorts of individuals across the adult lifespan. We report findings that mirror the existing literature on cognitive aging, but also provide unique insights into the trajectory of cognitive functioning. We discuss the benefits, challenges, and future promise of web-based testing.