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Differences in patterns of functional and structural connectivity alterations of hippocampal subregions in patients on the Alzheimer's disease spectrum

6 hours 58 minutes ago
The present study was conducted to construct structure connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) between different hippocampal subregions and the whole brain based on structural and function Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and to explore the changes in hippocampal subregions structural and functional connectivity in the different stages of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). 117 participants (75 female, 42 male) aged 60-88 years were recruited from the Sino-Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline in...
Lianghui Ni

Demystifying common DNA methylation sites that promote the ability of CheekAge to associate with health and disease

6 hours 58 minutes ago
We recently showed that the next-generation epigenetic aging clock CheekAge was significantly associated with 33 different health and disease signals across 25 publicly available MethylationEPIC datasets. We additionally uncovered DNA methylation sites that played a disproportionately important role in driving the ability of CheekAge to associate with each of these variables. We dubbed these "pro" CpGs because of their ability to promote a given association. Here, we identify 2,639 common DNA...
Adiv A Johnson

Machine learning in Alzheimer's disease genetics

1 day 6 hours ago
Traditional statistical approaches have advanced our understanding of the genetics of complex diseases, yet are limited to linear additive models. Here we applied machine learning (ML) to genome-wide data from 41,686 individuals in the largest European consortium on Alzheimer's disease (AD) to investigate the effectiveness of various ML algorithms in replicating known findings, discovering novel loci, and predicting individuals at risk. We utilised Gradient Boosting Machines (GBMs), biological...
Matthew Bracher-Smith

Amyloid-lowering immunotherapies for Alzheimer disease: current status and future directions

1 day 6 hours ago
The treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) has crossed a pivotal threshold, marked by the landmark approvals of the first-ever disease-modifying therapies. These immunotherapies, specifically monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target various amyloid-β (Aβ) species including proto-fibrillar and fibrillar forms, substantially lower levels of Aβ in the brain. The therapies have collectively demonstrated the ability to slow cognitive and clinical decline in large placebo-controlled trials, ushering a...
Michael S Rafii

The Efficacy of Health Promotion Interventions for Mild Frailty Older Adults: A Systematic Review

1 day 6 hours ago
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Health promotion interventions can improve clinical outcome indicators for prefrail older adults and possess potential advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness. However, the benefits largely depend on the type and duration of the intervention. When assessing these factors together, home-based health promotion interventions seem to be a particularly beneficial strategy, offering both cost efficiency and meaningful improvements in prefrailty status.
Yue Li

Allosteric activation of the SPRTN protease by ubiquitin maintains genome stability

1 day 6 hours ago
The DNA-dependent protease SPRTN maintains genome stability by degrading toxic DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). To understand how SPRTN's promiscuous protease activity is confined to cleavage of crosslinked proteins, we reconstitute the repair of DPCs including their modification with SUMO and ubiquitin chains in vitro. We discover that DPC ubiquitylation strongly activates SPRTN independently of SPRTN's known ubiquitin-binding domains. Using protein structure prediction, MD simulations and NMR...
Sophie Dürauer

Measurement characteristics and genome-wide correlates of lifetime brain atrophy estimated from a single MRI

1 day 6 hours ago
As a cardinal marker of brain ageing, lifetime brain atrophy obtained from a cross-sectional magnetic resonance image promises to boost statistical power to uncover novel genetic mechanisms of neurodegeneration. By analysing five young and old adult cohorts, we perform the most definitive study on lifetime brain atrophy's measurement and correlates. It is simply calculated from the relationship between total brain volume and intracranial volume, using the difference, ratio, or...
Anna E Fürtjes

A contextual genomic perspective on physical activity and its relationship to health, well being and illness

1 day 6 hours ago
Physical activity (PA) is one of the most fundamental traits in the animal kingdom, has pervasive health benefits, and is genetically influenced. Using data from the Million Veteran Program, we conducted genetic analyses of leisure, work and home-time PA. For leisure, we included 189,812 individuals of European ancestry (SNP-based heritability (h²) = 0.083 ± 0.005), 27,044 of African ancestry (h² = 0.034 ± 0.017) and 10,263 of Latin American ancestry (h² = 0.083 ± 0.036) in a cross-ancestry...
Marco Galimberti

Historical changes in overtopping probability of dams in the United States

1 day 6 hours ago
With concerns about aging dams and nonstationary changes in hydrologic extremes (e.g., flooding), questions arise about whether existing dams may be at risk of failure and pose threats to society. Here, we analyzed 33 dams across the United States to investigate temporal trends in dam overtopping probabilities of annual maximum dam water levels. These dams were selected because of the availability of public domain long-term time series of uncontrolled water levels (50 years or longer). We...
Eunsaem Cho

The aging choroid plexus and its relationship with gut dysbiosis and Klotho decline: possible intervention strategies

1 day 6 hours ago
The choroid plexus (ChP) is a complex ventricular structure that forms a semi-permeable barrier between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is responsible for CSF secretion and clearance, contains macrophages, and is one of the few sites within the central nervous system (CNS) where T cells are present. Additionally, the ChP plays a role in detecting peripheral inflammation, which leads to the modulation of its epithelial cell function. Despite its critical importance in maintaining...
Giovanni Lai

PPM1M, an LRRK2-counteracting, phosphoRab12-preferring phosphatase with a potential link to Parkinson's disease

1 day 6 hours ago
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases that regulate receptor trafficking, and LRRK2-activating mutations are linked to Parkinson's disease. Rab phosphorylation is a transient event that can be reversed by phosphatases, including protein phosphatase, Mg2^(+)/Mn2^(+) dependent 1H (PPM1H), which acts on phosphorylated Rab 8A (phosphoRab8A) and phosphoRab10. Here, we report a phosphatome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen that identified PPM1M as a...
Claire Y Chiang

Personalised regional modelling predicts tau progression in the human brain

1 day 6 hours ago
Aggregation of the hyperphosphorylated tau protein is a central driver of Alzheimer's disease, and its accumulation exhibits a rich spatiotemporal pattern that unfolds during the course of the disease, sequentially progressing through the brain across axonal connections. It is unclear how this spatiotemporal process is orchestrated, namely, to what extent the spread of pathologic tau is governed by transport between brain regions, local production, or both. To address this, we develop a...
Pavanjit Chaggar

Regulation of endothelial cell senescence via the miR-217/FOXO3 axis

1 day 6 hours ago
The accumulation of senescent endothelial cells within the endothelium leads to vascular dysfunction. Independent studies have linked miR-217, a senescence-associated microRNA and FOXO3, a longevity factor, to cellular senescence in different study models. However, their roles and direct interaction in endothelial replicative senescence (RS) remain to be investigated. This study sought to investigate the role of miR-217/FOXO3 axis in endothelial cell senescence. Young and RS HUVEC models were...
Yi-Sheng Khor

Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for cognitive decline in individuals aged 50 or older

1 day 6 hours ago
Longitudinal studies provide conflicting evidence regarding the impact of vitamin D deficiency on cognitive performance in older individuals. The present study aimed to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for poorer trajectories in global cognition and specific cognitive domains over a six-year follow-up period. This cohort study analysed data from 2625 participants aged 50 years or older from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D,...
Natália Cochar-Soares

The dual ubiquitin binding mode of SPRTN secures rapid spatiotemporal proteolysis of DNA-protein crosslinks

1 day 6 hours ago
DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) are endogenous and chemotherapy-induced genotoxic DNA lesions and, if not repaired, lead to embryonic lethality, neurodegeneration, premature ageing, and cancer. DPCs are heavily polyubiquitinated, and the SPRTN protease and 26S proteasome emerged as two central enzymes for DPC proteolysis. The proteasome recognizes its substrates by their ubiquitination status. How SPRTN protease, an essential enzyme for DPC proteolysis, achieves specificity for DPCs is still not...
Wei Song