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Glasses have complex energy landscapes and exhibit nonequilibrium aging dynamics. Here, we propose a generalized trap model for activated aging based on a key static property of the energy landscape: the distribution of energy barriers. Our theory predicts that, upon cooling, weak ergodicity breaking (WEB) in quenching dynamics occurs before strong ergodicity breaking in equilibrium dynamics. Furthermore, the theory indicates that the characteristic size of activation clusters can be deduced...

ObjectivesThe older population and prevalence of frailty are increasing worldwide. Understanding how midlife exposures influence frailty risk is increasingly important for public health. This review sought to identify modifiable risk factors present in midlife that are associated with the onset of frailty in later life, aiming to inform earlier prevention strategies.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies examining modifiable risk factors in community-dwelling adults aged 39-64 years,...

INTRODUCTION: β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) has been linked to improved cognitive function via enhanced cerebral metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects. However, evidence on the relationship between endogenous plasma BHB levels and cognitive decline remains limited. This study investigated whether higher plasma BHB levels are associated with reduced cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults.

Air pollution accelerates biological aging via oxidative stress and inflammation, a process potentially mitigated by plant-based diets. However, the role of dietary or genetic modulators in this relationship remains understudied. Our study aimed to examine whether adherence to Sustainable Diets modifies the associations of PM(2.5) and PM(10) exposure with biological aging, and to assess potential effect modification by genetic susceptibility to longevity. Data from 9527 participants in the...

Skin aging has traditionally been attributed to alterations in the epidermis and dermis, including keratinocyte senescence, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and fibroblast dysfunction. In contrast, the role of skin-associated adipose tissue (SAAT), particularly dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT), has been largely overlooked and considered a passive structural filler. Emerging evidence indicates that adipocyte aging is not merely a consequence of skin aging but may serve as a critical...

European regulators greenlight new one-dose compound that could help African countries get rid of an ancient burden

New tests gauge whether large language models can use their deep troves of knowledge to actually make discoveries

Alzheimer's disease has widespread effects on brain structure, function and behavior, but we lack a systematic dissection of its impact across hundreds of forebrain and brainstem regions. Here, using diffusion tensor MRI at 25 µm, we mapped the global consequences of mutations in APP and PSEN1 across 231 regions of interest (ROIs) in male and female 5×FAD BXD hybrid mice at 14 months. Over half of the ROIs change in volume along rostrocaudal and mediolateral axes of the CNS, with unexpected...

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are clinically heterogeneous, hampering the success of nonselective treatment strategies. Here we apply a transformer-based unsupervised clustering framework to longitudinal electronic health record data from over 100,000 patients across two UK cohorts, Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum and UK Biobank, to identify, validate and characterize subtypes of AD and PD. We uncover five reproducible subtypes...

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) accumulate with age, but their functional impact on aging remains elusive. In this study, we reveal a mechanism by which ribonuclease κ (RNASEK) prevents age-dependent circRNA accumulation by promoting its degradation. Through a genetic screen targeting ribonucleases, we identified RNASEK as a specific circRNA-cleaving ribonuclease. RNASEK is downregulated during aging, causing the age-dependent increase in circRNA levels. RNASEK is necessary and sufficient for lifespan...

Astaxanthin (AST), a xanthophyll carotenoid derived from microalgae and marine organisms, has emerged as a potent neuroprotective compound with remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Growing evidence indicates that AST can modulate multiple molecular and cellular pathways involved in neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative aging. This review provides an up-to-date and integrative overview of current evidence...