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Researchers say they couldn’t find complete data for 10 trials that together enrolled tens of thousands of children in Guinea-Bissau

Coatings used by symbiotic residents of ant colonies may represent an evolutionary dead end

Team in China sends data with entangled atoms, neutralizing backdoor hardware threats

Finerenone boosts ovary function in mice and appears to help people with primary ovarian insufficiency produce mature eggs

Kanzi, a bonobo studied for his language skills, understood make-believe objects

Developed by and for academics, OpenScholar aims to improve searches of the ballooning scientific literature

How the memory engram is organized at the cell-assembly level to support not only encoding of learned information but also memory flexibility remains elusive. Here, we propose a novel engram model encoded by two orthogonal learning-recruited neuronal ensembles in the mouse dentate gyrus. Reactivation of the Fos-tagged ensemble promotes memory retrieval, whereas reactivation of the Npas4-dependent ensemble drives forgetting, with manipulation of the forgetting ensemble inversely shifting memory...

The native microbiome influences numerous host processes, including neurological function. However, its impacts on diverse brain cell types remain poorly understood. Here, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on the hippocampus of wild-type, germ-free mice, revealing the microbiome-dependent transcriptional landscape across all major neural cell types. We found conserved impacts on key adaptive immune and neurodegenerative transcriptional pathways. Mono-colonization with select indigenous...

Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have led to an increased generation of biological data across genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, and metabolomics. However, a major challenge remains: effectively integrating these multi-omics datasets to allow a more holistic understanding of the complex, interconnected mechanisms underlying human diseases. Neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders are particularly multifactorial and heterogeneous, making...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, its tethered configuration, invasiveness, and limited tissue compatibility motivate wireless, minimally invasive alternatives. Here, we develop an in situ-gelled injectable conductive hydrogel (ICH), enabling wireless neuromodulation via electric-field localization under volume conduction. The ICH forms in vivo through bio-catalyzed polymerization and electrostatic self-assembly, yielding a...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable neurological disorder that often begins insidiously with sleep disturbances and somatic symptoms, progressing to whole-body motor and cognitive symptoms^(1-5). Dysfunction of the somato-cognitive action network (SCAN)-which is thought to control action execution^(6,7) by coordinating arousal, organ physiology and whole-body motor plans with behavioural motivation-is a potential contributor to the diverse clinical manifestations of PD. To investigate the...

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Biofluid-based biomarkers have transformed neurodegenerative disease research and care, providing insights into the molecular underpinnings of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative dementias. This Review provides an update on recent developments in biofluid-based biomarkers for amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, glial reactivity, α-synuclein pathology, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology, synaptic pathophysiology and cerebrovascular...

Immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been targeted in cancer therapy, however, the efficacy of these interventions remains limited. Beyond its immune function on T cell surfaces, CTLA-4 is also expressed in various intrinsic cancer cells, where it influences cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the function of CTLA-4 in...

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Frailty, a hallmark of systemic vulnerability in aging populations, is increasingly recognized in the clinical management of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). Molecular mechanism underpinning the relationships remain insufficiently elucidated. This study hence aimed to investigate whether proteomic biomarkers-circulating plasma proteins reflecting systemic inflammation, metabolism, and tissue remodeling-are associated with CRDs and may serve as potential mediators of the observed links. We...

Our ability to sense the position and movement of our limbs is essential for all activities of daily living. This ability arises from the signal sent by muscle spindles to the brain. While there is clear evidence for age-related changes in the quantity of muscle spindles and in their sensitivity, behavioral assessment of age-related changes in position sense have produced mixed findings even though it is taken as textbook knowledge that proprioception declines with age. Yet, study results are...

CONCLUSION: Among community-dwelling older adults, the composite IC score demonstrated a significant independent association with an elevated risk of hip fracture. Regular monitoring of individual IC scores may serve as an early warning indicator to initiate preventive interventions.

In their recent study, Zhang et al. (Aging Clin Exp Res, 2025) report an association between a composite unhealthy lifestyle score and the risk of comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arthritis in the CHARLS cohort. While the topic is of significant public health relevance, we have identified several substantive methodological and interpretative limitations that temper the conclusions. Chief among these are the oversimplified and unvalidated definition of lifestyle exposures,...

CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization due to COVID-19 was associated with poorer multidimensional aging outcomes, whereas vaccination appeared protective against functional decline. These findings highlight the importance of preventive strategies and sustained vaccination coverage to preserve functionality and promote healthy aging in post-pandemic populations.