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Michael Kratsios says DEI has led to a loss of public trust in universities

AI models suggest the true limits of the "butterfly effect" remain unknown

Neuroinflammation contributes to the loss of dopamine neurons and motor dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease (PD). How cell metabolism regulates neuroinflammation by modulating epigenetic modifications is largely unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) which catalyzes the first step of the de novo serine synthesis pathway was mainly expressed in astrocytes and l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injection triggered the...

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have been intensively studied for their therapeutic effects on tissue repair and regeneration. However, the specific contributions of exosomes derived from endogenous bone marrow MSCs to the maintenance of bone tissue homeostasis remain unclear. In this study, we impaired MSC-derived exosome secretion by specifically deleting vascular protein sorting 33B (VPS33B). Mice deficient in VPS33B (VPS33B-cKO mice) exhibited premature bone loss and imbalanced...

Both neuronal and peripheral tissues become disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a comprehensive understanding of how AD impacts different tissues across the whole organism is lacking. Using Drosophila, we generated an AD Fly Cell Atlas (AD-FCA) based on whole-organism single-nucleus transcriptomes of 219 cell types from flies expressing AD-associated proteins, either human amyloid-β 42 peptide (Aβ42) or Tau, in neurons. We found that Aβ42 primarily affects the nervous system,...

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Cellular senescence is characterized by irreversible cell-cycle exit, a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype, macromolecular damage, and deregulated metabolism. Senescent cells are highly associated with age-related diseases. We previously demonstrated that targeted elimination of senescent cells prevents neurodegenerative disease in tau (MAPT^(P301S);PS19) mutant mice. Here, we show that genetic ablation of the senescence mediator p16^(Ink4a) is sufficient to attenuate senescence signatures in...

Both neuronal and peripheral tissues become disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a comprehensive understanding of how AD impacts different tissues across the whole organism is lacking. Using Drosophila, we generated an AD Fly Cell Atlas (AD-FCA) based on whole-organism single-nucleus transcriptomes of 219 cell types from flies expressing AD-associated proteins, either human amyloid-β 42 peptide (Aβ42) or Tau, in neurons. We found that Aβ42 primarily affects the nervous system,...

An in-depth understanding of the molecular processes composing aging is crucial to develop therapeutic approaches that decrease aging as a key risk factor for cognitive decline. Herein, we present a spatio-temporal brain atlas (15 different regions) of microRNA expression across the mouse lifespan (7 time points) and two aging interventions. MicroRNAs are promising therapeutic targets, as they silence genes by complementary base-pair binding of messenger RNAs and mediate aging speed. We first...

Aqueous Zn-halogen batteries, valued for high safety, large capacity, and low cost, suffer from the polyhalide shuttle effect and chaotic zinc electrodeposition, reducing energy efficiency and lifespan. Here we show a cation-driven positive electrode phase transition to suppress the shuttle effect and achieve uniform zinc electrodeposition, along with an anion kinetic enhancement strategy to improve energy efficiency and lifespan. Taking tetramethylammonium halide (TMAX, X = F, Cl, Br) as a...

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a negative correlation between physical exercise and loneliness among older adults, with frailty and depression serving as significant mediators in this relationship. The findings suggest that physical exercise may alleviate loneliness in older adults by enhancing physiological function and fostering psychosocial empowermen.

The nervous system (NS) experiences morphological and functional changes during the aging process, where low-grade chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and senescence are key regulators. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate that activates redox response and inhibits the inflammatory process, which could modify the pro-inflammatory components of senescent cells secretory phenotype (SASP). Here we aimed to determine if SFN long-term treatment was able to prevent age-associated damage in the...

Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic progressive disorders that impair memory, cognition, and motor functions, leading to conditions such as dementia, muscle weakness, and speech difficulties. Aging disrupts the stringent balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, increasing neuroinflammation, which contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. The aging brain is particularly vulnerable to infections due to a weakened and compromised immune response and impaired integrity of the...

Maternal conditions during pregnancy can influence the long-term health of offspring. In particular, maternal malnutrition (MM), such as protein restriction, affects the development of several organs, including the male reproductive system. This study examined how a low-protein maternal diet impacts the structure and function of the dorsolateral prostate (DLP) in aging male rats. Male offspring were divided into two groups: A control group (CTR), whose mothers received a normal protein diet...

The expression level of α-synuclein is thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating the transcription of its gene, SNCA, particularly in the context of the disease. The transcription factor ZSCAN21 has been shown to act on SNCA, but whether ZSCAN21 is actually involved in the induction of SNCA transcription in Parkinson's disease is unknown. To address this question, we used the MPTP mouse model and...

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are important targets in immune, infectious, lysosomal storage diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Circulatory GSLs profiling in clinical samples is restricted by the lack of mid- and high-throughput analytical methods and deep coverage of long-chain sialylated glycosphingolipidome. We present a 4-dimensional (4D)-glycosphingolipidomics platform for routine glycosphingolipidome profiling encompassing: extraction and fractionation of sialylated GSLs with 3...

Sepsis is a life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection, and patients with sepsis always exhibit a state of immune disorder characterized by both overwhelming inflammation and immunosuppression. The aging of immune system, namely "immunosenescence", has been reported to be correlated with high morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with sepsis. Initially, immunosenescence was considered as a range of age-related alterations in the...

Functional ability and intrinsic capacity (IC) have been proposed as determinants of healthy aging, but the extent to which these indicators are affected by biological aging remains unknown. We explored the association of biological age acceleration (BAA) with functional ability and IC in older adults with physical and cognitive impairments. This cross-sectional study used data from 163 individuals (84.0 ± 5.2 years [range 72-99], 61.8% women) of the COGFRAIL cohort. Functional ability on basic...