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The variability in cognitive and brain ageing trajectories may be influenced by inter-individual and community-level differences in resilience that result from differential exposures to social and structural determinants of health and be affected by an individual's sex and gender. However, no clear guidance exists on how to best integrate these diversity-related factors (that is, sex, gender and social and structural determinants of health) into clinical and cognitive neuroscience research on...

BACKGROUND: Social frailty and reduced functional ability are major challenges among older adults in urban slums, yet the mechanisms linking these factors remain poorly understood. Social capital may buffer the effects of social frailty, but evidence is limited in urban slums context. The protocol study hypothesized that higher social capital is associated with lower social frailty and better functional ability among older adults.

Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis is driven by α-synuclein (α-syn) amyloid aggregation, with the flexible C-terminal region mediating pathological interactions with cellular receptors and facilitating disease propagation and neuroinflammation. Through immunization with human α-syn fibrils and iterative neuronal binding and propagation assays, we identify H21 as a high-affinity fibril-specific monoclonal antibody. H21 selectively binds to α-syn fibrils and specifically targets the C-terminal...

Current evidence suggests that the rejuvenating effects of parabiosis on brain function arise from the exchange of blood factors that enhance synaptic plasticity, promote neurogenesis, and reduce neuroinflammation in aged animals. However, aging is also associated with diminished tissue oxygenation. Here, we report that erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs) from aged mice exhibit reduced responsiveness to low oxygen tension (PO(2)) and release O(2) slower than those from young mice. In vivo,...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging and a key contributor to age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease. However, molecular pathways that safeguard mitochondrial homeostasis in the aging heart remain poorly understood. Here, we identify MTFR1L as a regulator of mitophagy that binds p-S65-Ub, a key signal amplifying the PINK1/Parkin axis. We find that MTFR1L is enriched in metabolically active tissues, particularly in the heart, where it regulates Parkin signaling. Genetic...

Aging, a complex physiological and molecular process, has undergone significant changes, of which gut microbiome composition has surfaced as an important key in the maintenance of neurological health. Recent studies have revealed the significant impact of age-related gut dysbiosis in the induction of neuroinflammation, metabolic syndrome, disruptions in gut-brain axis, and age-related neurological decline. Although significant studies have revealed the impact of the microbiome-gut-brain axis in...

The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) plays a pivotal role in executive functions and exhibits a hierarchical rostro-caudal organization critical for higher-order cognition. Using connectome gradient mapping of resting-state fMRI data across young, middle-aged, and older adults (N = 478), we found preserved global gradient structure but significant compression of the principal gradient in older adults relative to middle-aged adults, particularly in dorsolateral (DLPFC) and frontopolar (FPC)...

First-time posters to venerable platform now need an endorsement from an established author

Decades ago, Venezuelan researchers helped the oil industry thrive. Now they hope to be part of its reconstruction

Inflatable structures inspired by human bone help the contraption grow, shrink, and float

Hot mantle plume could be split in two, might eventually produce separate island chains

Pilat, Le, and colleagues¹ reveal that the Alzheimer's-linked TREM2 T96K variant, previously labeled gain of function based on in vitro assays, unexpectedly weakens microglial activation and disease-associated microglial responses in female mice in vivo, prompting a reassessment of what "functional gain" means for TREM2 in neurodegeneration.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is widely used to detect brain alterations for diagnosis, but most methods rely on single-scale information. Therefore, this study proposes the multi-view feature learning framework incorporating residual block-based 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) for AD diagnosis. First, tract-based spatial statistics were applied to extract voxel-based features from fractional anisotropy (FA) and...