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Pink1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) is a key guardian of mitochondrial quality via mitophagy; its mutations are tightly linked to early-onset PD. This review synthesizes how aging, exercise, and high-fat diet (HFD) modulate Pink1 activity and thereby PD risk. Aging down-regulates Pink1, impairing clearance of damaged mitochondria and promoting α-synuclein aggregation. Exercise up-regulates Pink1-Parkin signaling, enhances PGC-1α and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and protects dopaminergic...

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cognitive frailty frequently co-occur in older adults, compounding adverse health outcomes and placing substantial strain on healthcare systems.

INTRODUCTION: Aplysia californica has been a useful model system for studies of the neural basis of behavior, learning, and aging. While the latter topic has been explored with respect to several of its simple reflex behaviors, this study represents the first examination of how one of Aplysia's more complex behaviors, escape locomotion, is affected in animals nearing the end of their natural lifespan.

INTRODUCTION: Sleep disruption and metabolic decline are key contributors to cognitive aging and dementia risk. While cerebral glucose utilization declines with age, ketone metabolism remains relatively preserved, suggesting that ketogenic interventions may enhance brain energetics, sleep quality, and cognition in older individuals. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) and β-hydroxybutyrate ester (KE) supplementation on sleep-wake architecture and novel spatial memory...

Humans have evolved adaptive mechanisms that enable survival even with zero calories for periods of months or longer. Intermittent 'low-dose' exposure to the metabolic stress of fasting may also activate pathways that promote metabolic health and longevity, although such benefits have not been proven in humans. Here we present our perspective of the current rationale and evidence base to support fasting for gain in metabolic health. In the absence of individual level risk factors for potential...

Several studies suggest that higher skeletal muscle mass (SMM) may be associated with a lower risk of adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. However, the relationship between SMM and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) has not been evaluated. We investigated the prospective association between height-indexed SMM and CMM risk in an older population. Data were analyzed from 3348 participants (mean age 64 years; 45.1% men) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who were free of hypertension,...

Hawking’s signature prediction may prevent vexing singularities from forming

Before antiretroviral drugs reached South Africa, high death toll shaped immune system genes

No abstract

CONCLUSIONS: SPH provides meaningful prognostic information for depressive symptoms in older adults, with performance comparable to objective health measures. Its simplicity supports a potential use in screening and research contexts.

Impaired immune responses are a key feature of aging; however, there are few laboratory tests that link these responses to clinical outcomes. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) for tuberculosis screening quantify release of interferon-gamma by T-cells, and the difference between unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated T-cells is assessed for test validity. We assess this measure's relationship with all-cause mortality. We obtained the most recent negative and indeterminate outpatient IGRAs from...

High-affinity, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses play a central role in allergic disease, yet the biological basis of their persistence remains incompletely understood. Studies examining IgE ontogeny have yielded diverse and often conflicting results regarding the longevity of IgE-expressing B cells, their developmental relationship to IgG1^(+) intermediates, and their dependence on germinal center (GC) reactions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the...