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Deciphering coulombic loss in lithium-ion batteries and beyond

2 months 1 week ago
Lithium-ion batteries are pivotal for modern energy storage, yet accurately predicting their lifespan remains a critical challenge. While descriptors like coulombic efficiency are widely used to assess battery longevity, the unclear physical origins of coulombic losses cause semi-quantitative correlation with capacity, complicating battery development. Here, we combine high-precision leakage current and open-circuit-voltage measurements with charge conservation principles to explore microscopic...
Jiyu Cai

Stable ultrafast graphene hot-electron source on optical fiber

2 months 1 week ago
A stable and durable ultrafast electron source is highly desirable for sophisticated vacuum electron technologies. However, free-space excitations based on ultrahigh-power or deep-ultraviolet pulsed lasers usually cause cathode material damage and mechanical vibration even under ultrahigh vacuum. In this work, we present a compact ultrafast electron source consisting of graphene integrated on an optical fiber, taking advantage of the ultrafast hot-electron emission from graphene and well-defined...
Guangjie Yao

Potential of biomarkers of ageing in predicting severity of influenza virus infection and vaccination efficacy

2 months 1 week ago
Influenza virus infection contributing to the majority of viral pneumonia, acute cardiovascular and renal co-morbidities even death, is a worldwide public health concern caused by seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. Unlike seasonal influenza, which occurred annually, the emerging of pandemic influenza every two to three decades for the distinctly reassorted influenza virus strains contributed to the broadly rapid spread and increased morbidity and mortality. While the majority of the...
Jing Yang

Years since menopause and its metabolomic signature with biological aging in women at midlife: a population-based study

2 months 1 week ago
This study analyzed UK Biobank data from 46,463 postmenopausal women to investigate metabolic changes linked to years since menopause (YSM) and their impact on aging biomarkers. Elastic net regression identified 115 YSM-associated metabolites, forming a metabolic signature strongly correlated with YSM (r = 0.30, P < 0.001). Each standard deviation increase in this metabolic signature was associated with decreased odds of long telomere length (0.94, 0.92-0.96), increased odds of high allostatic...
Bo Xie

Frailty and depressive symptoms in relation to cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and older adults

2 months 1 week ago
As global aging accelerates, frailty and depressive symptoms have emerged as critical contributors to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among older adults. However, the dynamic interplay between these factors remains underexplored. Here, we examine the associations among frailty, depressive symptoms, and incident CVD using data from five international cohorts (HRS, CHARLS, SHARE, ELSA, MHAS) involving individuals aged 50 and above. Our findings reveal that frailty significantly increases CVD...
Zheng Zhang

Identification of markers for neurescence through transcriptomic profiling of postmortem human brains

2 months 1 week ago
Neuronal senescence (i.e., neurescence) is an important hallmark of aging and neurodegeneration, but it remains poorly characterized in the human brain due to the lack of reliable markers. This study aimed to identify neurescence markers based on single-nucleus transcriptome data from postmortem human prefrontal cortex. Using an eigengene approach, we integrated three gene panels: (a) SenMayo, (b) canonical senescence pathway (CSP), and (c) senescence initiating pathway (SIP), to identify...
Shiva Kazempour Dehkordi

Clonal evolution of hematopoietic stem cells after autologous stem cell transplantation

2 months 1 week ago
The impact of exogenous stressors, such as cancer chemotherapies, on the genomic integrity and clonal dynamics of normal hematopoiesis is not well defined. We conducted whole-genome sequencing on 1,276 single-cell-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) colonies from ten patients with multiple myeloma treated with chemotherapies and six normal donors. Melphalan treatment significantly increased the mutational burden, producing a distinctive mutation signature, whereas other...
Hidetaka Uryu

The long-term effects of chemotherapy on normal blood cells

2 months 1 week ago
Several chemotherapeutic agents act by increasing DNA damage in cancer cells, triggering cell death. However, there is limited understanding of the extent and long-term consequences of collateral DNA damage in normal tissues. To investigate the impact of chemotherapy on mutation burdens and the cell population structure of normal tissue, we sequenced blood cell genomes from 23 individuals aged 3-80 years who were treated with a range of chemotherapy regimens. Substantial additional somatic...
Emily Mitchell

Motivation toward physical activity and nutrition in older cancer patients: the MONAGE protocol using ecological momentary assessment and accelerometers

2 months 1 week ago
BACKGROUND: Older adults with cancer struggle to maintain recommended levels of physical activity and nutrition during treatments. Collecting data in a real-life context provides a better understanding of the motivational and behavioral dynamics of this population, which is underrepresented in clinical trials. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a frequently used approach to collect repeated measures in real time in a naturalistic environment. This approach can provide insights into the...
Mathis Brusseau

Profiling Epigenetic Aging at Cell-Type Resolution Through Long-Read Sequencing

2 months 1 week ago
DNA methylation can give rise to robust biomarkers of aging, yet most studies profile it at the bulk tissue level, which masks cell type-specific alterations that may follow distinct aging trajectories. Long-read sequencing technology enables methylation profiling of extended DNA fragments, enabling mapping to their cell type of origin. In this study, we introduce a framework for evaluating cell type-specific aging using long-read sequencing data, without the need for cell sorting. Leveraging...
Alec Eames