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Spaceflight exposes astronauts to a combination of environmental stressors such as microgravity, ionizing radiation, circadian disruption, and social isolation that induce phenotypes of aging. However, whether these exposures accelerate biological aging remains unclear. In this exploratory study, we assessed 32 DNA methylation-based biological age metrics in 4 astronauts during the Axiom-2 mission at pre-flight, in-flight (day 4 and 7), and post-flight (return days 1 and 7). On average,...

With an aging population, the incidence of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) continues to increase. Aging cells exhibit reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD^(+)) levels and impaired autophagy; however, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unclear. In our study, we assessed the role of nicotinamide nucleotide adenylate transferase 1 (NMNAT1) in cochlear hair cell aging using D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging HEI-OC1 cells and cochlear explants. We observed a...

With the increasing trend of delayed childbearing, the decline in oocyte quality associated with advanced maternal age has emerged as a pressing concern. However, the mechanism remains unclear, and effective strategies for improvement are currently lacking. Previously, we reported that the downregulation of the mevalonate pathway in aged granulosa cells (GCs) contributed to meiotic defects in oocytes, which may implicate farnesyl pyrophosphate-mediated protein farnesylation. Nevertheless, the...

CONCLUSION: This review provides a comprehensive comparison of dual-task and single-task interventions, highlighting the superior efficacy of dual-task training in improving both cognitive and physical outcomes. While single-task interventions offer benefits, they lack the comprehensive improvements observed in dual-task training. Future research should explore long-term outcomes, refine intervention protocols, and assess the applicability of combined approaches to maximize benefits for aging...

Observation challenges understanding of how dead stars interact with their environments

CONCLUSIONS: AD management requires a systems-oriented therapeutic architecture in which interventions are selected based on mechanistic dominance, biomarker stage, and potential synergy. We outline a multi-target strategy integrating amyloid/tau modulation, neuroimmune regulation, metabolic-vascular stabilization, and synaptic support. Future work should prioritize biomarker-guided stratification, treatment sequencing, and prevention-oriented combination designs.

Aging drives a progressive decline in vascular health, undermining endothelial function, neurovascular coupling (NVC), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, three processes essential for maintaining cerebral perfusion and cognitive resilience. Central to these age-related deficits is mitochondrial dysfunction, which disrupts redox balance, bioenergetics, and nutrient-sensing pathways within vascular cells, thereby promoting oxidative stress, impaired mitophagy, mitochondrial fragmentation,...

As individuals age, there is a gradual increase in the levels of inflammation in the body, with macrophages, essential immune cell types, assuming a critical role in modulating inflammatory responses and eliminating senescent cells. Prolonged inflammatory reactions can result in tissue damage, the advancement of diseases, and the acceleration of aging processes. Hevin (also known as SPARCL1, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like protein 1) is involved in regulating inflammatory...

Apoptosis, a programmed cell death process activated in Alzheimer disease (AD), is not limited to neurons but extends to all cell types within the central nervous system (CNS). However, how apoptotic cells mediate their impact on surrounding cells and contribute to the pathological progression of AD remains largely unclear. Here, we report that in 5×FAD mice, cells surrounding amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques undergo apoptosis, which occurs concurrently with elevated macroautophagy/autophagy. The...