Aging & Longevity

Mitochondrial protein nmd regulates lipophagy and general autophagy during development

1 week ago
Lipophagy engulfs lipid droplets and delivers them to lysosomes for degradation. We found that lipophagy levels were low in most fly tissues, except for the prothoracic gland (PG) during larval development. Therefore, we performed a small-scale screening in the PG to identify regulators of lipophagy. We discovered that the loss of nmd, a gene encoding a mitochondrial AAA-ATPase, led to developmental failure and reduced lipophagy in the PG. Further studies indicated that nmd was not only required...
Wei Wang

Focal adhesion-derived liquid-liquid phase separations regulate mRNA translation

1 week ago
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a major organizing principle in cells. Recent work showed that multiple components of integrin-mediated focal adhesions, including p130Cas can form LLPS, which govern adhesion dynamics and related cell behaviors. In this study, we found that the focal adhesion protein p130Cas drives the formation of structures with the characteristics of LLPS that bud from focal adhesions into the cytoplasm. Condensing concentrated cytoplasm around...
Abhishek Kumar

SIRT1 Prevents Lens Epithelial Cell Senescence During Age-Related Cataract via Regulating p66Shc

1 week ago
Lens epithelial cell (LEC) senescence is one of the key pathological processes of age-related cataract (ARC) and is associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein aggregation. This study aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of LEC senescence in ARC. The protein expression level of silencing regulatory protein 1 (SIRT1) and aptamer protein (p66Shc) was quantified. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide levels were measured to evaluate cellular...
Huirui Liu

Hallmarks of stem cell aging

1 week 1 day ago
As organisms age, somatic stem cells progressively lose their ability to sustain tissue homeostasis and support regeneration. Although stem cells are relatively shielded from some cellular aging mechanisms compared with their differentiated progeny, they remain vulnerable to both intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. In this review, we delineate five cardinal features that characterize aged stem cells and examine how these alterations underlie functional decline across well-studied stem cell...
Thomas A Rando

Quinacrine and rimonabant prolong the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans

1 week 1 day ago
Aging and age-related disorders are significant global health concerns, driving interest in potential preventative strategies. In this study, we established a high-throughput screening system to reveal the effects of quinacrine and rimonabant on lifespan extension in C. elegans. Mechanistically, quinacrine influences the metabolic and immune pathways through the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IIS) pathway, as it fails to prolong longevity in IIS pathway mutants while boosting the expression...
Qin He

Enhancing autophagy by redox regulation extends lifespan in Drosophila

1 week 1 day ago
Dysregulation of redox homeostasis is implicated in the ageing process and the pathology of age-related diseases. To study redox signalling by H(2)O(2) in vivo, we established a redox-shifted model by manipulating levels of the H(2)O(2)-degrading enzyme catalase in Drosophila. Here we report that ubiquitous over-expression of catalase robustly extends lifespan in females. As anticipated, these flies are strongly resistant to a range of oxidative stress challenges, but interestingly are sensitive...
Claudia Lennicke

Osteoimmunology and aging - a frontier to explore

1 week 1 day ago
Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary branch of immunology which studies the interplay of skeletal and immune systems. Both spatial and functional connections exist between the two systems, as most immune cells are generated in the bone marrow microenvironment, which facilitates the communication between the two systems. Moreover, immune cytokines such as RANKL (receptor activating Nf-kB ligand) and non-immune soluble mediators such as osteoprotegrin (OPG), made by immune and bone cells,...
Mihailo Ille

Comparative analysis of mouse strains for in vivo induction of reprogramming factors

1 week 1 day ago
In vivo reprogramming through the forced expression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) has demonstrated great potential for reversing age-associated phenotypes. However, continuous in vivo OSKM expression has raised safety concerns due to loss of cell identity, decrease in body weight, and premature death. Although cyclic short-term or targeted expression of the reprogramming factors can mitigate some of these detrimental effects, systemic rejuvenation of wild-type mice has remained elusive....
Sara Picó

Epigenetic attenuation of interferon signaling is associated with aging-related improvements in systemic lupus erythematosus

1 week 1 day ago
In the general population, aging is associated with an increase in systemic inflammation and chronic disease burden. However, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), older age is uniquely associated with a decrease in disease activity, suggesting a distinct relationship between aging and inflammation. Using a multiomic approach, we compared aging-related changes in the peripheral blood immune profiles of 287 patients with SLE and 928 healthy controls. In patients with SLE, aging correlated with...
Rithwik Narendra

Social Support and Social Strain Sources as Predictors of Multimorbidity Changes in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

1 week 1 day ago
ObjectivesThis study examines whether social strain and support from various sources are associated with accumulation of chronic conditions in older adults.MethodsGrowth mixture modeling was used to investigate which network sources of support and strain were related to morbidity accumulation over 12 years among 5,321 individuals over age 50 in the Health and Retirement Study.ResultsHigher overall social support-comfort provided by others-was associated with a greater likelihood of belonging to...
Jason T Newsom

The DNA-PKcs/JNK/p53 pathway underlies changes in cell fate decision toward death during DNA replication catastrophe

1 week 1 day ago
Exacerbating the DNA replication problems of cancer cells serves as a viable therapeutic approach. Nevertheless, the cytotoxicity of cancer drugs is often hampered by therapy-induced senescence, leading to unfavorable patient outcomes. Here, we employ acute replisome dysfunction in combination with Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) inhibition as a strategy to divert senescent cells toward death by triggering DNA replication catastrophe, a form of irreversible replication fork collapse...
Jinal A Patel

Phospholipid biogenesis maintains neuronal integrity during aging and axon regeneration

1 week 1 day ago
Neurons maintain their morphology over prolonged periods of adult life with limited regenerative capacity. Among the various factors that shape neuronal morphology, lipids function as membrane components, signaling molecules, and regulators of synaptic plasticity. Here, we tested genes involved in phospholipid biosynthesis and identified their roles in axon regrowth and maintenance. CEPT-2 and EPT-1 are enzymes catalyzing the final steps in the de novo phospholipid synthesis (Kennedy) pathway....
Seungmee Park

Mechanisms of endothelial senescence and vascular aging

1 week 1 day ago
SCOPE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality, especially in the aging population. Aging is one of the main risk factors contributing to CVD, leading to early mortality and a decline in the quality of life. Vascular aging is closely linked with atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, heart failure, and peripheral arterial diseases. Elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying vascular aging help to develop therapeutic strategies that can address...
Qiao Li

Misalignment of age clocks

1 week 1 day ago
Biological aging is a complex non-linear process, with markedly distinct starting and end points, yet the biomarkers of its progression remain elusive. A key assumption of most machine learning (ML) approaches for age clocks is that predictive biomedical features can be identified via mathematical transformations of data to favor a linear transition from start to end, even if they erase any natural biological pattern. It is given that expected correlations, e.g., time lived (age) and time left...
Xiaoyue Mei

Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation in the Skeletal Muscle System

1 week 1 day ago
Aging is an unavoidable process associated with a progressive decline of muscle mass, strength, and regenerative ability. Satellite cells are a muscle stem cell (MuSC) population that plays a key role in mammalian muscle regeneration, by awakening from quiescence and then migrating to sites of damage, expanding in number to generate progenitor cells, and then either differentiating to rebuild the muscle tissue or self-renewing to repopulate the stem cell pool. Emerging evidence suggests that the...
Michela Libergoli

CD38-Targeting Peptide Vaccine Ameliorates Aging-Associated Phenotypes in Mice

1 week 1 day ago
Antiaging vaccines have recently been found to elicit long-term benefits in slowing the aging process. Meanwhile, high CD38 expression in organs is an aging characteristic contributing to a decreased NAD^(+)/NADH ratio. Thus, in the current study, we systematically investigate the effects of a CD38-targeting peptide vaccine (CD38-vaccine) on aging-associated phenotypes in mice. The CD38-vaccine induces a robust T-cell immune response, selectively depletes CD38^(+) myeloid cells in the spleen,...
Shangcheng Yu
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