Aging & Longevity

Jingfang Granule (JFG), a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, is widely used in clinical practice. It has been shown to extend both lifespan and healthspan in the Caenorhabditis elegans model. However, the molecular mechanisms of its main constituents and their targets remain unclear. In this study, through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experiments on C. elegans including lifespan assays and stress resistance assays, the bioactive compounds of JFG and their targets were...

Neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, result in a substantial health problem for the elderly, marked by ongoing neuronal degeneration and a deterioration in mental faculties. These disorders are frequently linked to oxidative stress, problems with mitochondria, and persistent inflammation in the brain, which worsen neuronal damage. The neurohormone melatonin, primarily secreted by the pineal gland, has gained recognition as a...

Geroprotectors, a class of compounds that ameliorate molecular, cellular, or physiological aging-related alterations, have garnered significant attention in the quest to promote healthy aging and extend the human health span. Among these, Calorie Restriction Mimetics (CRMs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their potential to mimic the benefits of calorie restriction, a dietary approach involving reduced calorie intake without malnutrition. Prospective CRMs may include biguanides...

CONCLUSION: This study is the first to investigate cortical activity during eccentric lower limb contractions in older adults. The results suggest that eccentric contractions induce greater cortical activation compared to concentric, even in older adults who generally exhibit reduced cortical activity. These findings support the potential of eccentric as an effective intervention to improve motor function and muscle strength in older adults.

Aging is accompanied by a decline in cognitive functions, including spatial memory, yet significant variability exists in the learning abilities of older individuals. Using a large cohort of aged and young male mice, we employed spatial discrimination testing in an 8-arm radial maze to investigate age-related differences in performance in spatial learning and to categorize individual memory phenotypes within the aged population. Despite a general learning ability across groups, aged mice showed...

CONCLUSIONS: Enterprising professions in particular may assist in avoiding perceived social isolation, pending longitudinal evidence. Studies from other countries are recommended.

The UK is experiencing a decline in healthy life expectancy, now at 62.4 years for men and 60.9 years for women. Socioeconomic deprivation plays a significant role in health disparities, affecting individuals across the life arc. Girls born in the most deprived areas may live 19 fewer years in good health compared to those in wealthier areas. Health inequalities are particularly severe for ethnic minorities, with Black and Asian individuals reporting poorer health at a younger age. Health...

Oral diseases have emerged as one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide, with a high global average prevalence of 45%, affecting an estimated 3.5 billion people globally. With the acceleration of global aging, oral health issues among the older adults have become increasingly prominent. According to the global multi-country epidemiological survey and the WHO report, the prevalence of oral diseases in the elderly aged 65 and above showed a significant increase, and the...

Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) plays an important role in both the mouse and human prostate. The endogenous ligand for ERβ is the dihydrotestosterone metabolite, 5β-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3β-Adiol). Thus, treatment with 5-α reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) should produce a phenotype similar to that seen in ERβ^(-/-) mice. By comparing RNA-Seq of the ventral prostates (VP) of ERβ knockout mice (ERβ^(crispr-/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice, we confirmed that ERβ modulates androgen receptor (AR) signaling...

The ovary is one of the first organs to exhibit signs of aging, characterized by reduced tissue function, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis. Multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs), formed by macrophage fusion, typically occur in chronic immune pathologies, including infectious and non-infectious granulomas and the foreign body response, but are also observed in the aging ovary. The function and consequence of ovarian MNGCs remain unknown as their biological activity is highly context-dependent, and...

Over 20% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide are Chinese, although the efficacy of existing blood-based measures of AD biomarkers is largely unknown in Asian cohorts. Here we explored how plasma tau biomarkers correlated with cross-sectional and longitudinal AD-related outcomes and their diagnostic performance in 1,085 participants from three independent studies, including two Chinese cohorts, Greater-Bay-Area Healthy Aging Brain Study (n = 425) and Huashan (n = 297), and the...

Age-related changes in circulating metabolites influence systemic physiology and may contribute to diseases such as sarcopenia. Although metabolic dysregulation is closely linked to sarcopenia, the roles of specific metabolites remain unclear. In this study, we performed comprehensive plasma metabolomic and lipidomic analyses across two cohorts comprising 1,013 individuals, uncovering the metabolic characteristics of sarcopenia, including a notable decline in plasma sarcosine levels in both...

The increasing global population aging has made the prevention and control of aging-related diseases a major public health challenge in the twenty-first century. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), as a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD^(+)), has garnered significant attention in recent years for its anti-aging potential. This review comprehensively reviews the metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms of NMN, comparing the technical characteristics and industrialization...

Adipose tissue, a pivotal player in whole-body energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, undergoes considerable remodelling throughout the ageing process, a facet that has garnered little attention until the past decade. This Review comprehensively summarizes the dynamic metabolic, cellular and functional changes that occur in white and thermogenic adipose tissue during distinct ageing stages, across different adipose tissue depots. We emphasize the influence of ageing on different cell types...

The accumulation of senescent cells (SEN) with aging produces a chronic inflammatory state that accelerates age-related diseases. Eliminating SEN has been shown to delay, prevent, and in some cases reverse aging in animal disease models and extend lifespan. There is thus an unmet clinical need to identify and target SEN while sparing healthy cells. Here, we show that Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1 (LAMP1) is a membrane-specific biomarker of cellular senescence. We have validated...

Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are common, interconnected conditions, in aging populations that lead to increased frailty, disability and a heightened risk of falls and fractures. Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength and function, that often coexists with osteoporosis, which is characterized by reduced bone strenght for a decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and altered bone quality. Together, these conditions form a clinical syndrome known as osteosarcopenia. Both disorders...

CONCLUSIONS: Overweight, class 1, and class 2 obesity using BMI criteria were protective against TALS. Further study is needed to elucidate the underlying reasons for this protective effect against TALS.

We validated AnthropoAge, a biological age (BA) metric, for prediction of mortality and age-related outcomes using harmonized data from the US, England, Mexico, Costa Rica, and China. We estimated AnthropoAge and AnthropoAgeAccel as proxies of BA and age acceleration using body mass index and waist-to-height ratio. We compared mortality prediction of AnthropoAge vs. chronological age (CA) using Cox models and assessed its association with age-related outcomes with generalized estimating...

Heart failure (HF) is a major global and life-threatening disease. Despite advances in therapies, the prevalence of HF is increasing owing to an ageing population and the pervasive pandemic of obesity and metabolic disorders, which have transformed the pathophysiology of HF. Changes in cardiac energy metabolism and the related energy deficit crucially contribute to the severity and type of HF. Furthermore, perturbations in excitation-contraction coupling, mitochondrial function and oxidative...

The number of patients with heart failure is expected to rise sharply owing to ageing populations, poor dietary habits, unhealthy lifestyles and improved survival rates from conditions such as hypertension and myocardial infarction. Heart failure is classified into two main types: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). These forms fundamentally differ, especially in how metabolism is regulated, but they also have shared...