Aging & Longevity

Mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in degenerative joint diseases, including cartilaginous endplate (CEP) degeneration. To date, research into mitochondrial dynamics in IVDD is at an early stage. Since Piezo1 is a novel Ca^(2+)-permeable channel, we asked whether Piezo1 could modulate mitochondrial fission through Ca^(2+) signalling during CEP degeneration. In vitro and in vivo models of inflammation-induced CEP degeneration were established with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found...

CONCLUSION: This study provided novel evidence of a negative association between serum α-Klotho and hearing impairment in adults aged 40-69. Our results suggested a protective role of serum α-Klotho on adults with hearing loss.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a co-development pattern between cognitive function and frailty in Chinese older adults aged 55 years and above. While cognitive impairment may be irreversible, frailty is a condition that can be potentially reversed. Early detecting is crucial in preventing cognitive decline, considering the shared trajectory of these conditions.

The ISR is a cellular signaling pathway that responds to various physiological changes and types of stimulation. The mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISR^(mt)) is a stress response specific to mitochondria which is initiated by eIF2α phosphorylation and is responsive to mitochondrial stressors. The ISR^(mt) triggers diverse metabolic responses reliant on activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). The preliminary phases of ISR^(mt) can provoke an adaptive stress response that antagonizes...

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and cognitive impairment frequently co-occur in aging populations, yet the molecular mechanisms linking these conditions remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the roles of key aging-related genes (ARGs), specifically FKBP5 and DDIT3, in the pathophysiology of CHD and cognitive impairment, and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of stellate ganglion block (SGB). Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) data, we...

Precipitation hardening has been recently validated as a new mechanism for domain wall pinning and mechanical loss reduction in piezoelectrics. While anisometric precipitates have high pinning strengths, there is limited knowledge about the electrical anisotropy of the precipitation-hardened piezoceramics. In the present work, we successfully orient the precipitates in Li(0.18)Na(0.82)NbO(3) piezoceramics by applying a uniaxial stress during the aging and studied its electrical anisotropy....

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous familial disorder affecting up to one in five women. The aetiology remains unclear, but available evidence suggests it is a polygenic disorder with epigenetic, developmental, and environmental components. The diagnostic criteria for PCOS are based on reproductive features, and the syndrome is categorized into several phenotypes that can vary by race and ethnicity. Insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction have a crucial role in the...

CONCLUSION: Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies and cohort studies showed that depression in older adults was associated with the development of MCR, and depression increased the risk of MCR in older adults.

INTRODUCTION: Certain situations and contexts during early years of life and childhood can have a significant impact on the health of older individuals. Studies have demonstrated that adversities such as poverty, neglect, abuse, and exposure to chronic stress conditions during the early years of life are associated with a range of health problems in adulthood.

To elucidate aging-associated cellular population dynamics, we present PanSci, a single-cell transcriptome atlas profiling over 20 million cells from 623 mouse tissues across different life stages, sexes, and genotypes. This comprehensive dataset reveals more than 3,000 unique cellular states and over 200 aging-associated cell populations. Our panoramic analysis uncovered organ-, lineage-, and sex-specific shifts of cellular dynamics during lifespan progression. Moreover, we identify both...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other age-related disorders associated with demyelination exhibit sex differences. In this work, we used single-nuclei transcriptomics to dissect the contributions of sex chromosomes and gonads in demyelination and AD. In a mouse model of demyelination, we identified the roles of sex chromosomes and gonads in modifying microglia and oligodendrocyte responses before and after myelin loss. In an AD-related mouse model expressing APOE4, XY sex chromosomes heightened...

A list of this decade's most prominent names in ageing research would undoubtedly include many women who have led the field in recent years. While the field, and science in general, still have far to go in achieving gender parity in opportunities and recognition, we can celebrate the progress made to date. However, the longer 'history of the field' that many of us present in our classrooms, conference halls and writings often tends to be dominated by men. Although numerous men have made...

Policy measures designed to address elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation date back to decades, including the Older Americans Act of 1965. Over the years, various legislative actions have aimed to address elder mistreatment, culminating in the Elder Justice Act of 2010. Despite these efforts, policy changes lag behind need, and government funding appropriation is woefully inadequate. On November 29, 2023, the National Collaboratory to Address Elder Mistreatment convened 76 experts from...

CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary study, Age Self Care facilitated behavior change, including minor home modifications, fall risk reduction, and engagement in social networks, all of which support aging in place.

The telomerase RNA component (Terc) constitutes a non-coding RNA critical for telomerase function, commonly associated with aging and pivotal in immunomodulation during inflammation. Our study unveils heightened susceptibility to pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in Terc knockout (Terc^(ko/ko)) mice compared to both young and old infected counterparts. The exacerbated infection in Terc^(ko/ko) mice correlates with heightened inflammation, manifested by elevated interleukin-1β...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of vision loss in older adults. AMD is caused by degeneration in the macula of the retina. The retina is the highest oxygen consuming tissue in our body and is prone to oxidative damage. DNA damage is one hallmark of aging implicated in loss of organ function. Genome instability has been associated with several disorders that result in premature vision loss. We hypothesized that endogenous DNA damage plays a causal role in age-related...

This study investigates why individuals with multimorbidity-two or more chronic conditions-are more prone to adverse outcomes after surgery. In our cohort, ninety-eight of 144 participants had multimorbidity. The myocardial transcriptome and metabolites involved in energy production were measured in 53 and 57 sequential participants, respectively. Untargeted analysis of the metabolome in blood and myocardium was performed in 30 sequential participants. Mitochondrial respiration in circulating...

Age-related alterations of the immune system compromise the host's ability to respond to pathogens, but how immune aging is regulated is still poorly understood. Here, we identify via transcriptomic analysis of splenic DCs and bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC) of young and aged mice, the small GTPase Rab8a as a regulator of dendritic cell (DC) functions in mice. CD11c^(+)CD11b^(+) DCs of aged in comparison to young host exhibit a diminished type I IFN response upon viral stimulation and...

This Review focuses on currently available literature describing sex differences in skeletal muscle metabolism in humans, as well as highlighting current research gaps within the field. These discussions serve as a call for action to address the current lack of sufficient sex-balanced studies in skeletal muscle research, and the resulting limitations in understanding sex-specific physiological and pathophysiological responses. Although the participation of women in studies has increased, parity...

With a growing elderly population in the European Union, age-related diseases associated with unhealthy aging pose increasing public health challenges, including a loss of independence and heightened societal burdens. The Semmelweis Study, a prospective occupational cohort study in Hungary, seeks to identify determinants of unhealthy aging, focusing on the complex relationship between lifestyle, environmental, occupational factors, and the development of chronic age-associated diseases,...