Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest current impairment in vision or motor function may be strong indicators of prevalent dementia in older adults.

No abstract

The meninges serve as a critical interface between the peripheral immune system and the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in maintaining parenchymal homeostasis. Neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyloidosis and tauopathies, are marked by the accumulation of extracellular neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau tangles, respectively, leading to neuronal cell death and cognitive decline. The role of the adaptive immune response in these pathologies remains under...

CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the complex relationship between genetic legacies and modern diseases, emphasizing the need for gender-sensitive healthcare strategies that consider the unique connections between female reproductive health and aging.

Aging causes significant changes in gene expression and metabolic function of cells in various organs. Although it is known that liver regeneration is delayed by aging, the effects of aging on changes in gene expression and metabolic functions in liver regeneration need further investigation. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed changes in gene expression and metabolic function by liver regeneration in young and old mice to examine the effects of aging on these changes. During the process...

This study investigates the correlation between polypharmacy and gut microbiota compositional changes in older people who were treated with multidrug therapy, aiming to provide insights into the complex interplay between medication use, gut microbiota, and aging. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was employed to analyze microbial diversity in older patients with multiple chronic diseases and polypharmacy, and the results were compared with a control group of older people without...

Aging is increasingly understood as a multifactorial process involving mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic drift, and chronic inflammation. While many age-related pathologies have been linked to impaired mitophagy and transcriptional deregulation, the upstream mechanisms driving these phenomena remain elusive. Here, a unifying hypothesis is proposed: that the progressive reactivation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), combined with latent viral infections acquired during life, imposes...

The segregation of processes into cortical layers is a convergent feature in animal evolution. However, how changes in the cortical layer architecture interact with sensory system function and dysfunction remains unclear. Here we conducted functional and structural layer-specific in vivo 7T magnetic resonance imaging of the primary somatosensory cortex in two cohorts of healthy younger and older adults. Input layer IV is enlarged and more myelinated in older adults and is associated with...

Cellular senescence is a major contributor to aging-related degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), but much less is known about the key cell types and pathways driving senescence mechanisms in the brain. We hypothesized that dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is central to cellular senescence in AD. We analyzed single-cell RNA-seq data from the ROSMAP and SEA-AD cohorts to uncover cell type-specific senescence pathologies. In ROSMAP snRNA-seq data (982,384 nuclei from...

INTRODUCTION: The shift toward earlier detection in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum underscores the need for more sensitive cognitive outcome assessments (COAs). Traditional COAs may lack precision in capturing cognitive dysfunction during preclinical stages. The Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (FNAME), a cross-modal task that integrates verbal and non-verbal memory, offers enhanced sensitivity and has shown associations with amyloid-β burden across the AD continuum, even in...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is linked to progressive cognitive decline and motor impairments, especially among the aging population, highlighting the importance of early detection through reliable neuronal biomarkers. Proteins such as neurofilament light chain (NFL), neurogranin (Ng), and visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) have emerged as indicators of neurodegeneration and associated behavioral changes. This study examined the effects of combined endurance and resistance exercise, along with...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Regardless of sexual orientation, receiving care at home was the most preferred option, followed by moving to an assisted living facility. In terms of the type of home care, professional home care and a mix of formal and informal care were the most preferred options. Surprisingly, informal care was preferred by only 53.3% of people. Our results revealed that preferences for care settings (eg, own home, nursing home) and preferences for type of care (eg, informal...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Enhanced CRF and muscle strength could offset the risk of premature health span termination associated with accelerated biological aging. Our findings suggest that biological aging rates should be considered in personalized fitness interventions to optimize health span. Public health strategies should prioritize cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness to mitigate aging-related health risks.

The placebo effect, or the positive effects observed after an inert treatment which result from patients' expectations for the therapy, is well documented in human medicine. However, in veterinary medicine, where owner's expectations serve as a proxy for their pets, it remains underexplored, particularly for elderly dogs with cognitive decline. To address this gap, we examined 21 dogs (mean age: 12.85 years, SD: 1.46) from a placebo group in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and compared their...

Anthropogenic climate change is driving summer heat toward more humid conditions, accompanied by more frequent day-night compound heat extremes (high temperatures during both day and night). As the fast-warming and aging continent, Europe faces escalating heat-related health risks. Here, we projected future heat-related mortality in Europe using a distributed lag nonlinear model that incorporates humid heat and compound heat extremes, strengthened by a health risk-based definition of extreme...

Enigmatic dinucleoside tetraphosphates, known as 'alarmones' (Np(4)Ns), have recently been shown to function in bacteria as precursors to Np(4) caps on transcripts, likely influencing RNA longevity and cellular adaptation to stress. In proteobacteria, ApaH is the predominant enzyme that hydrolyzes Np(4)Ns and decaps Np(4)-capped RNAs to initiate their 5'-end-dependent degradation. Here we conducted a biochemical and structural study to uncover the catalytic mechanism of Escherichia coli ApaH, a...

While it is well-documented that plasma oxytocin (OXT) levels decline with age, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the physiological mechanisms contributing to this age-related decrease in plasma OXT and the possible use of OXT supplementation on improving age-related decline of neural function. Comparing young (9 weeks) and aged (> 45 weeks) mice, aged mice showed reduced plasma OXT levels, an increase in the inflammation marker hs-CRP, and decreased...

Biochar application offers significant potential to enhance food security and mitigate climate change. However, most evidence stems from short-term field experiments (≤3 y), leaving uncertainty about the long-term sustainability of these benefits, especially with annual biochar additions to soils. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed a global dataset from 438 studies (3,229 observations) and found that long-term annual biochar application (≥4 y) not only sustains but often enhances its...

To delay social and healthcare utilisation among the ageing population, there is an increasing focus on the role of health-promoting lifestyle adopted at an individual and/or community level. Longevity is generally viewed as the ultimate outcome of health, although a high life expectancy does not necessarily go together with health and/or a health-promoting lifestyle. The potential coherence between longevity, health and lifestyle may vary in different cultural, political, social and economic...

The transcriptional complex Mondo/Max-like, MML-1/MXL-2, acts as a convergent transcriptional regulatory output of multiple longevity pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans. These transcription factors coordinate nutrient sensing with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism across the evolutionary spectrum. While most studies have focused on the downstream outputs, little is known about the upstream inputs that regulate these transcription factors in a live organism. Here, we found that knockdown of...