Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the results of our review indicate accelerated epigenetic ageing in people living with HIV compared to uninfected individuals. There is a need for further research, which will analyse material from different tissues and take into account a number of biomarkers and the mentioned confounding factors. Studies considering the impact of individual classes of antiretroviral drugs, the age of the patient at the time of HIV diagnosis, and the timeliness of diagnosis on...

Second-order conditioning (SOC) enables animals to form associations between stimuli without direct reinforcement. In this study, we present a behavioral analysis pipeline that combines a light-tone SOC paradigm in mice with tools such as DeepLabCut, Keypoint-MoSeq, and DeepOF to evaluate responses across sex and age. Our results show that responses to the second-order stimulus (CS(2)) specifically stem from its association with the first-order stimulus (CS(1)). While CS(1) triggers behavioral...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These results suggest that AL and the FI are related, and that allostatic load may indeed contain "key" biomarkers of frailty. Given this, it is reasonable to suggest that AL could be used in at least an equivalent capacity to the FI currently and may represent a more practical and efficient measure of health and health risk.

ObjectivesSocial isolation has negative health implications for older adults and caregivers. We examine the interdependency of social isolation among community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries and their primary caregivers.MethodsUsing data from the National Study of Caregiving and the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2015-2017, N = 522 dyads), we conducted actor-partner interdependence models to examine the dyadic associations between baseline social isolation and social isolation at...

The efficacy of biologics, such as peptide and protein drugs, is often limited by their short half-lives in vivo, necessitating repeated infusions to maintain therapeutic effects. Here, we demonstrate that long-lived CAR T cells can be leveraged as a versatile platform for long-term delivery of biologics. Our recent findings show that the depletion of BCOR and ZC3H12A induces GD2 CAR T cells into an immortal-like and functional state, which we have termed GD2T(IF) cells. These GD2T(IF) cells...

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CONCLUSIONS: The results show a strong association between depression and malnutrition in older people. Malnutrition is a common occurrence among older people, and age is a significant risk factor. Similarly, depression is more common among older people living in nursing homes, and increasing age also raises depression levels. Therefore, future research should focus on conducting randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to confirm the effectiveness of nutritional interventions and...

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a substantial and consistent increase in the prevalence of self-reported cognitive disability among older adults in Botswana between 2017 and 2022. This sharp rise likely reflects a combination of measurement differences, changing cultural attitudes, real epidemiological shifts associated with an ageing population and rising non-communicable diseases, and possibly the broader impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings underscore the urgent need for...

Hematopoietic malignancies emerge through the acquisition of genetic mutations within hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Some mutations impart a selective growth advantage to HSPCs, which expand and contribute to mature blood cells. This expansion is termed clonal hematopoiesis (CH). Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) protein is a transcriptional regulator of proliferation/differentiation of hematopoietic cells. HSPCs express low levels of Id1 that is induced by growth factors and...

INTRODUCTION: Wayfinding is a cognitive ability that supports accurate spatial navigation and declines in this ability adversely affect independent living in older age. The cognitive map represents environmental details, such as landmark cues, relative to the goal location. Distal cues appear to be less effective than proximal ones in precisely locating the goal. Age-related declines in spatial precision may result in fewer accurate landmark-place details or hinder the differential use of cue...

CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of considering formal schooling status in cognitive aging research. They also emphasize the need to address educational disparities and promote social and economic well-being, particularly for vulnerable populations, to mitigate the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

CONCLUSIONS: LPT preferences established in hypothetical scenarios were not associated with health care utilization, cost, or perceived quality of end-of-life. As LPT preferences should influence care, subsequent work, such as understanding preference measurement, real-world preference changes, or the limited opportunity for preferences to influence care, is warranted.

A recent publication presented the results of a survey given to longevity experts that attended the 2022 Systems Aging Gordon Research Conference. Corroborating results from a prior survey and broader discussions in the field, the authors found that there was little consensus on fundamental topics, including what causes aging. While this disagreement is not particularly surprising, the spread of answers to the following prompt was unexpected: "The average lifespan in developed countries will be...

CONCLUSION: Reduced physical activity and accelerated telomere attrition were related with BMD decline, and TL partially mediated the association. These findings suggest that enhancing physical activity could mitigate telomere shortening and promote bone health.

CONCLUSIONS: Regular use of glucosamine was associated with a reduced risk of several age-related chronic diseases. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to clarify its potential role in supporting healthy aging.

Although cognitive changes may not become apparent until after age 65, many factors associated with late-life decline are already well-established in midlife. In particular, deficits in picture naming have been associated with early and accelerated cognitive change. A measure of picture vocabulary, requiring participants to name drawings of objects, was collected in 4 waves (each separated by 2 years) of the Understanding America Study, a nationally representative internet panel (mean follow-up...

Aging increases the risk of a myriad of chronic diseases, which are expensive and difficult to treat owing to their various risk factors. Repurposing existing medications has accelerated the development of therapies aimed at slowing aging. In this study, using IMR90 cells and aged mice, we revealed that enalapril, a drug widely prescribed for hypertension, can improve both cellular senescence and individual health. Mechanistically, phosphorylated Smad1/5/9 act as pivotal mediators of the...

The relationship between the brain and aging remains unclear. Our objective is to explore the causal connections between brain structure,gene expression, and traits associated with aging. Mendelian randomization(MR) analysis was conducted to explore the associations between brain structures and aging-related traits including GrimAge acceleration(GrimAA), PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAA), HannumAge acceleration(HannumAA), HorvathAge acceleration(HorvathAA), and leukocyte telomere length(LTL). The...