Aging & Longevity

The biology of individual lipid species and their relevance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains incompletely understood. To explore the lipidomic biomarkers associated with cognition function and neuropathological changes in AD, we utilize non-targeted mass spectrometry on 316 post-mortem brains from participants in the Religious Orders Study (ROS) or Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) cohorts classified as control, asymptomatic AD (AAD), or symptomatic AD (SAD), and integrate the lipidomics...

Forest restoration is increasingly promoted to mitigate climate change, conserve biodiversity, and secure food and water sovereignty. Yet many restored forests do not persist in the long term, and the role of land tenure regimes in shaping these outcomes remains poorly understood. We examine restoration reversals (restored forests later deforested) and long-term restoration gains (restored forests that remained intact) across 1.9 million territories in Brazil's Atlantic Forest from 1985 to 2022....

While existing studies have linked declines in intrinsic capacity (IC) to adverse health outcomes, the role of potentially modifiable lifestyle factors in this pathway, especially sedentary behavior, remains critically underexplored. Using data from the Beijing Longitudinal Disability Survey in Community Elderly (BLINDSCE) cohort (2023-2024), this study investigated both cross-sectional and 1-year longitudinal associations between sedentary time and IC in community-dwelling older adults. Of the...

Dendritic arbors are essential for neuronal computation and signal propagation, yet large-scale single-neuron morphology studies remain challenging. Here we present a systems biology approach, termed 'dendritome mapping', to profile the dendritic morphology of genetically defined single neurons in mice, unveiling striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN) morphological territories and aging-associated or disease-associated alterations. We generated 3,762 three-dimensional-reconstructed and...

Mitochondrial dysfunction and stem cell exhaustion contribute to age-related immune decline, yet clinical interventions targeting immune aging are lacking. Recently, we demonstrated that urolithin A (UA), a mitophagy inducer, expands T memory stem cells (T(SCM)) and naive T cells in mice. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 50 healthy middle-aged adults received oral UA (1,000 mg day^(-1)) or placebo for 4 weeks; time points of analysis were baseline and day 28. Primary...

Despite its rapid economic rise over the past four decades, China now grapples with the challenge of accommodating and supporting its expanding aging population. In 2020, 18% of its population were over age 60, and 2.5% were over age 80, projected to rise to 39% and 10%, respectively, by 2050. This demographic shift places China at the forefront of diverse individual, familial and societal challenges. Here, we review these challenges in the context of emerging breakthroughs in basic and...

DNA modifications drive aging, neurodegeneration, carcinogenesis and chemotherapy drug action. Accurate mapping of diverse DNA modifications with single-nucleotide precision in complex genomes remains challenging. We upgraded click-code-seq, a click-chemistry-aided DNA-modification mapping strategy, to enable its first application for sequencing oxidation and depurination in the human genome. We developed a companion fluorescence assay, click-fluoro-quant, to rapidly quantify common DNA...

BACKGROUND: With the acceleration of population aging, identifying and addressing the unmet assistance needs of home-dwelling older adults has become increasingly important. This study aimed to develop and validate a reliable and practical assessment tool to identify such needs.

CONCLUSIONS: This set of core needs screening items can potentially reduce the heterogeneity of needs and risk assessments across studies and clinical practices and inform the development of a standardized need screening tool.

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is frequently comorbid with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and brain endothelial cells (BECs) express genes associated with AD genetic risk. However, the epigenome of neurovascular cells and its intersection with genetic risk remain unexplored. Here, we generated gene regulomes for human BECs, mural cells, and other brain cell types and showed that AD heritability is primarily immune related, with a modest BEC enrichment. On the other hand, SVD heritability is...

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' (CMS) Guiding an Improved Dementia Experience (GUIDE) Model represents a landmark opportunity to improve outcomes for persons with dementia and their caregivers and scale comprehensive dementia care through a structured service delivery and alternative payment approach. The National Dementia Care Collaborative (NDCC), a coalition of scientific and clinical leaders in evidence-based dementia care, works to promote comprehensive dementia care. Drawing...

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, fatal genetic disorder characterized by accelerated aging. The accumulation of an abnormal and toxic protein called progerin within HGPS nuclei disrupts cellular processes, including gene expression and DNA repair. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense, is one of the hallmarks of HGPS. To identify novel molecular mechanisms underlying HGPS pathogenesis, we...

One of the key hallmarks of aging is the breakdown of proteostasis-the finely tuned balance of protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation that maintains proteome integrity and cellular function. In this study, we employed ^(15)N metabolic labeling to assess protein turnover in young and aged mice. Among the proteins examined, cystatin C exhibited the largest age-related reduction in turnover, alongside decreases in other proteins involved in neuroprotection, structural stability,...

Shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with aging-related cardiovascular diseases, but its relationship with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in high-risk Chinese patients with hypertension under 65 years remains unclear. In this observational prospective study, we investigated 646 patients with hypertension aged < 65 years with diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), or ≥ 3 cardiovascular risk factors. Baseline assessments included clinical evaluation,...

Tardigrades survive extreme environments partly through the damage suppressor (Dsup) protein, which protects DNA from ionizing radiation and oxidative stress. Dsup is largely unstructured but binds nucleosomes to shield DNA from damage. To investigate its protective role in a whole organism, we expressed the Ramazzottius varieornatus Dsup gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Transgenic worms tolerated x-ray exposure and oxidative stress without apparent toxicity and exhibited a notable...

CONCLUSIONS: The three known factors associated with verbal memory performance (age, sex, and educational attainment) are also significantly associated in Hispanic individuals, including those who spoke English or Spanish as their FSL. However, the strength of several factors differed substantially across groups, including age and sex. The study highlights the importance of considering factors predicting cognitive aging outcomes in large, well-characterized, but separate demographic groups.

Single-cell studies have discovered abundant cancer-associated genetic/phenotypic changes in non-cancerous cells, strikingly contrasting with the infrequency of cancer. Epidemiological data have revealed decades-long plateaus of breast cancer incidence in the contralateral breast and twins/relatives following the first/proband's diagnosis, unlike the well-known continuous increase of population-level incidence with age, the latter ostensibly attributable to the successive accumulation of...

Aging reduces testicular function by lowering sperm quality and testosterone, worsened by diseases. Morphine addiction harms male reproduction by disrupting hormonal balance and increasing testicular oxidative stress and inflammation. Regular physical exercise can help counteract these effects by boosting antioxidants and supporting sperm production. This study explores how exercise mitigates inflammaging and testosterone decline by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway in aged male rats with...

Aging is a complex process that includes chronological aging and cellular aging. Although chronological aging is irreversible, cellular aging, which is reversible, is closely associated with chronological aging. Understanding the complexity of the impact and mechanisms of aging on the male reproductive function is crucial in maintaining male fertility. This study reviews the effects and mechanisms associated with aging in males on male reproductive health. It also provides potential therapeutic...

CONCLUSIONS: Protein-based multinutrient therapy significantly improved HGS, GS, and IGF-1 levels in patients with sarcopenia, but showed no significant effects on SPPB scores, chair-stand time, or SMI. The included studies were generally of high quality, and the results are relatively reliable, however, more high-quality RCTs are needed for further validation.