Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Findings suggest that changes in physiological parameters describing patterns of chronic inflammation are associated with measurable cognitive changes in aging cats, in the absence of overt clinical disease, which is consistent with the concept of inflammaging. Routine monitoring of standard bloodwork and BCS may offer an accessible means of tracking chronic subclinical inflammation and predicting cognitive aging in senior feline patients. These results highlight the...

Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PVNs) stabilize cortical network activity, generate gamma rhythms, and regulate experience-dependent plasticity. We found that PVNs act like a volume knob in the mouse auditory cortex (ACtx), bi-directionally adjusting neural and perceptual sensitivity to sound level over a 20 dB range. PVN-based gain adjustments were "sticky," such that a single bout of PVN activation at 40 Hz-but not at 1 or 70 Hz-sustainably dampened ACtx sound responsiveness,...

Identifying practical ways to counteract aging and associated degenerative disorders is urgently needed. We performed deep molecular profiling and functional assessments in aging male mice to show that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment broadly counteracts age-related changes. In mice treated with a GLP-1RA from 11 months for 30 weeks, we observed strong body-wide multi-omic age-counteracting effects and improved selected physical functions. Importantly, the effects...

Fall detection systems are crucial for ensuring the safety of older adults, given the potential for severe injuries resulting from falls. However, developing accurate and reliable detection methods faces challenges due to the rarity of fall events and limited training data. This review provides an in-depth examination of recent progress in fall detection technologies for older adults, with particular attention to addressing the scarcity of data. This review is novel in that it integrates...

Adipocyte deposition is believed to be a primary characteristic of age-related thymic involution, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We show here that thymic mesenchymal stromal cells (tMSCs) have a higher tendency to differentiate into adipocytes and melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) is a potential driver of tMSCs adipogenesis. Furthermore, we discover that thymosin-α1 promotes MRAP expression in tMSCs through FoxO1 signaling pathway....

This study investigates how the transition to retirement influenced the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in Europe. We employed a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity design to assess the impact of retirement on COVID-19 vaccination, accounting for unobserved confounding and controlling for factors such as subjective health status, age, vaccination for other diseases, medication use, cancer diagnosis, and internet use. We used individual-level data from the Corona Surveys of the Survey of...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) accelerates cardiovascular aging through intermittent hypoxia (IH). We exposed mice to 22 months of IH, modeling lifelong OSA. Compared to controls, IH mice exhibited higher mortality, elevated blood pressure, impaired systolic and diastolic function, vascular stiffening, reduced coronary reserve, and ECG abnormalities. These findings suggest that chronic IH significantly exacerbates cardiovascular decline with aging, underscoring the importance of early OSA...

Collagen supplementation has gained attention with increasing claims regarding its beneficial effects on healthy aging based on clinical observations and lifespan extension in pre-clinical models; however, how and which part of an ingested collagen promotes healthy longevity is unknown. Here, we identified the minimal required unit of ingested collagen, which consists of the proper ratio of three glycine to one proline to one hydroxyproline that was sufficient to increase the motility-healthspan...

The prostate is a multifunctional organ of the male reproductive system whose aging process impairs sexual and urinary function and fertility and increases disease susceptibility, thereby compromising quality of life. However, the mechanisms underlying human prostate aging remain poorly understood. Here we integrated single-nucleus transcriptomics and histological analyses to elucidate the aging mechanisms of the primate prostate. We identified epithelial cell senescence, chronic inflammation...

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is capable of reversing many aging-related metabolic differences in the proteome, but studies using proteomics to investigate the mechanism of the effects of HIIT on hepatic metabolic function in aged rats have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of 8 months of HIIT on mitochondrial oxidative function, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the liver of aged rats, and further explored the possible mechanisms of the metabolic...

Aging may be conceptualized as a wound that fails to heal, characterized by persistent, unresolved inflammation. Building on Ogrodnik's "unhealed wound" model, this Perspective extends the Exposure-Related Malnutrition (ERM) framework to propose a bioenergetic interpretation of aging. ERM links chronic stress adaptation, nutrient misallocation, and mitochondrial insufficiency to sustained bioenergetic debt that impedes the transition from catabolic containment to anabolic repair. Across tissues,...

Aging involves progressive accumulation of molecular and cellular damage, leading to functional decline and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases. Natural low-molecular-weight geroprotectors are substances of plant and food origin capable of modulating key mechanisms of aging. Based on current scientific data, sixteen fundamental mechanisms of aging are analyzed, and compounds from food that demonstrate potential in slowing age-related changes are presented. Special attention is paid...

ObjectivesTo examine whether the association between vision and cognitive difficulties varies by age group.MethodsWe analyzed pooled data from the 2021-2023 National Health Interview Survey, including 52,582 U.S. adults aged 45 and older. Vision and cognitive difficulties were based on self-reports. Logistic regression with interaction terms assessed age-related differences.ResultsVision difficulty was reported by 22.7% of respondents. It was associated with over twice the odds of cognitive...

The gap between lifespan and healthspan is increasing globally, resulting in millions of individuals spending additional years burdened by frailty or disease. This disparity, paired with the increasingly aged populations of Western nations, poses a palpable predicament to public health and the economy. Deterioration of the skeletal muscle system is a key contributor to illness, loss of independence, and diminishing healthspan. Muscle quality correlates to longevity due to its significant role in...

Testosterone insufficiency disrupts spermatogenesis and expedites male aging. Autophagy facilitates testosterone synthesis. However, a molecular reduction mechanism of autophagy-related protein 4 homolog B (ATG4B) has not been established. Herein, we reveal that peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) is clinically associated with male fertility disorders. Adult mutant mice with Leydig cell (LC)-specific deletion of the Prdx1 gene exhibit premature testicular aging and infertility. A series of in vivo and in...

For the last 140 years, the mechanisms of transport and dissipation of energy in a turbulent flow have not been completely understood. Previous research has focused on analyzing the so-called coherent structures, organized flow patterns characterized by their spatial coherence, lifespan and significant contribution to momentum and energy transfer. However, the connection between these structures and the flow development is still uncertain. Here, we show a data-driven methodology for objectively...

The lack of safe, durable therapeutics that act against both biological aging and Alzheimer's disease is an unmet clinical need. To bridge this gap, we devised an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled approach that pairs rapid compound triage with mechanistic target deconvolution. Our AI-driven screening highlighted melatonin (MLT) as a promising candidate. Serum profiling of 161 human individuals confirmed an age-related fall in circulating MLT level, while subsequent in vivo and in vitro...

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CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that depressive symptoms not only directly influenced cognitive impairment among older adults but also indirectly via proactive health. Exercise should be encouraged among the older people to promote their participation in social activities, thereby improving their proactive health and ultimately preventing cognitive impairment.

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a highly conserved pathway responsible for the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic material through the formation of a double-membrane structure known as the autophagosome. However, the precise mechanisms governing the transport of autophagosomes to the vacuole for degradation in plants remain largely elusive. There exists an ongoing debate about whether RAB7, a key regulatory protein, is involved in the plant autophagy pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that upon...