Aging & Longevity
Indicators of mortality risk in ageing horses
Clinical care for patients with limited life expectancy often requires adjustments, prioritizing immediate benefits over long-term outcomes, as the relevance of future complications diminishes. This study identifies indicators of mortality risk in horses with chronic orthopaedic conditions to enhance individualized care and welfare. Over 3 years, 123 chronically lame horses and 6 healthy control horses at an animal sanctuary underwent regular (every 3 months) comprehensive health assessments and...
Effect of deterioration of swallowing functions on the frailty status in older adults: a longitudinal cohort study
CONCLUSION: This study found a significant association between frailty and multiple factors, particularly oral function. Specifically, diminished swallowing function has emerged as a notable independent predictor of frailty progression.
Shorter life- and health-span, disturbed insulin-like growth factor signalling in cannabinoid receptor type-1 knockout mice
Cannabinoid receptor type-1 (Cnr1) signalling declines with age, which may contribute to the ageing process, as Cnr1 activity influences several hallmarks of ageing. Indeed, previous studies have shown that mice with a genetic deletion of Cnr1 (Cnr1^(-/-)) exhibit an early onset of brain ageing. However, it is not yet clear whether Cnr1 activity influences life span and the pace of bodily ageing. Thus, we asked whether the life- and health-span of Cnr1^(-/-) mice differs from their wild-type...
Can Cognitive Reserve Offset APOE-Related Alzheimer's Risk? A Systematic Review
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurocognitive disorder that affects a significant part of the population. Its symptoms include progressive loss of memory and executive dysfunction. Genetic susceptibility to AD can be influenced by allele variants of the APOE gene. On the other hand, lifelong experiences such as educational attainment, occupational complexity, and leisure activities, known proxies for cognitive reserve (CR), may modulate gene expression, ultimately impacting AD susceptibility. In...
Start the Engine of Neuroregeneration: A Mechanistic and Strategic Overview of Direct Astrocyte-to-Neuron Reprogramming
The decline of adult neurogenesis and neuronal function during aging underlies the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Conventional therapies, including neurotransmitter modulators and antibodies targeting pathogenic proteins, offer only symptomatic improvement. As the most abundant glial cells in the brain, astrocytes outnumber neurons nearly fivefold. However, their proliferative and transdifferentiation potential renders them ideal candidates for...
Correction of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA in patient-derived disease models using mitochondrial base editors
Mutations in the mitochondrial genome can cause maternally inherited diseases, cancer, and aging-related conditions. Recent technological progress now enables the creation and correction of mutations in the mitochondrial genome, but it remains relatively unknown how patients with primary mitochondrial disease can benefit from this technology. Here, we demonstrate the potential of the double-stranded DNA deaminase toxin A-derived cytosine base editor (DdCBE) to develop disease models and...
The aging ovary stands on the shoulders of giant multinucleated cells
Reproductive aging is associated with declining fertility and increasing inflammation, though these events are not well understood. An exciting new study in PLOS Biology utilizes cutting-edge technologies to characterize the role of multinucleated giant cells in ovarian aging.
The Impact of Living at Moderate Altitude on Healthy Aging in Austria: Epidemiological Findings and Potential Underlying Mechanisms
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data of populations living at moderate altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 m suggest healthier aging when compared to people living in lower regions. Besides social determinants of health, lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors, environmental conditions such as ambient temperature, air pollution and aeroallergens, solar radiation and in particular hypobaric hypoxia may modify the risk of disease development and mortality. The present study was aimed at (1) evaluating...
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cognitive Interventions for Healthy and Mild Cognitive Impairment Adults: A Comprehensive Umbrella Meta-Analysis
Extensive research indicates that cognitive interventions can lead to a general improvement in cognitive functioning throughout the lifespan. In this study, we evaluate the causal evidence supporting this relationship in healthy older adults and older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by means of an umbrella meta-analysis of meta-analyses. The meta-analytic studies were identified through systematic searches in electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus,...
Study protocol: The efficacy of mushroom to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk middle-aged adults and young-olds living in the community
BACKGROUND: Cognitive function declines with increasing age and maintaining high cognitive functioning especially at late life remains a challenging question to be addressed. Emerging evidence in the role of mushroom in promoting cognition has been produced from limited observational studies but there is a lack of definitive evidence on both longitudinal relationships from prospective cohort studies and clinical efficacy from clinical trials.
Speech sound discrimination in background noise across the lifespan: a comparative study in Mongolian gerbils and humans
Many elderly listeners have difficulties with speech-in-noise perception, even if auditory thresholds in quiet are normal. The mechanisms underlying this compromised speech perception with age are still not understood. For identifying the physiological causes of these age-related speech perception difficulties, an appropriate animal model is needed enabling the use of invasive methods. In a comparative behavioral study, we used young-adult and quiet-aged Mongolian gerbils as well as young and...
Decoding ferroptosis in ischemic stroke: key genes and the therapeutic potential of acupuncture
CONCLUSION: The ferroptosis pathway, autophagy-animal pathway, apoptosis pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and longevity-regulating pathway were identified as crucial pathways associated with ferroptosis in cerebral ischemic stroke. Bioinformatics analysis and RT-qPCR suggested that FTH1, SLC40A1, NRAS, CD82, and PTPN18 might serve as potential key targets underlying the antiferroptotic effects of acupuncture on ischemic stroke.
Identification of Potential Blood-Based Biomarkers for Frailty by Using an Integrative Approach
No abstract
Younger and Older Adults' Aging Well Construals: A Quantitative Word Use and Topics Comparison
CONCLUSION: Our complimentary word count and word co-occurrence language analyses of aging well construals revealed stark differences between YAs' and OAs' perceptions of aging well, which raise important questions about intergenerational exchanges and communications about aging more broadly. Further, we found that aging construals of OAs are useful for estimating their future outlook, an important aspect of resilience against cognitive decline and possible entry point for targeted precision...
Spoken Language Analysis in Aging Research: The Validity of AI-Generated Speech to Text Using OpenAI's Whisper
CONCLUSION: These findings support that Whisper and otter.ai are valuable tools for language analysis in aging research and provide further evidence that automatic speech to text with state-of-the art AI tools is ready for psychological language research.
Association of Timing of Physical Activity with Physical Frailty Incidence in Older Adults
CONCLUSIONS: Evening PA could be advantageous in preventing frailty conversion among community-dwelling older adults. Maximizing the impact of PA may be effective against this public health concern, physical frailty.
Age-Specific Predictors of Changes in Subjective Life Expectancy: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study
CONCLUSION: Psychological variables capturing beliefs and behaviors regarding old age and aging have been shown to play a pivotal role in development in old age. The current study demonstrates that these variables influence an important aspect of future time perspective, namely, the subjectively expected time left to live. Examining psychological and behavioral predictors of SLE is relevant, as it broadens the understanding of which factors play a role in expanding or shrinking the perceived...
No Consistent Evidence that Ageism Is Linked to Biological Aging Status in the US Health and Retirement Study
CONCLUSIONS: We found no consistent evidence linking ageism to biological aging status. Further research should investigate why; potentially, ageism has less time to become biologically embedded, compared to racism and sexism, which might be experienced throughout one's life, but measurement challenges could also be present.
Research Progress of Senolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Orthopedic Diseases
BACKGROUND: Orthopedic diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and age-related musculoskeletal disorders, significantly impact quality of life and are becoming increasingly prevalent with aging populations. A growing body of evidence highlights the role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Senescent cells (SCs), characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest, accumulate in tissues over time, contributing to inflammation, tissue degeneration, and impaired...
Normative Beliefs for Older Adults and Volunteering Intentions
CONCLUSION: Our findings elucidate the role of societal normative beliefs for older adults' behavior and offer insights into the discourse on the continued social participation of older adults.
Aging and Longevity: Latest results from PubMed
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