Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSION: RT is an effective intervention for improving cognition, memory, depression, and quality of life in older adults with cognitive impairment or dementia. Patient age, intervention frequency, and setting are potential moderators of its cognitive efficacy, providing actionable insights for optimizing clinical RT protocols.

CONCLUSION: Coal use increases the risk of cognitive decline, whereas higher social engagement is protective; these influences operate independently without evidence of interaction. Reducing household reliance on coal while promoting meaningful social participation may represent complementary strategies to preserve cognitive health in aging populations.

Many biological functions and dysfunctions rely on two fundamental processes, molecular assembly and the formation of condensed phases such as biomolecular condensates. Condensed phases generally form via phase separation, while molecular assemblies are clusters of molecules of various sizes, shapes, and functionality. We developed a theory that relies on thermodynamic principles to understand the interplay between molecular assembly and phase separation. We propose two prototypical classes of...

CONCLUSION: With very low to moderate certainty, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may improve constipation and motor symptoms in PD compared to placebo. These findings suggest a potential benefit, but more high-quality research is needed to confirm these effects and establish stronger evidence.

Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone acetylation, regulate learning and memory and underlie Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD). Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), an enzyme generating acetyl-CoA, locally regulates histone acetylation and gene expression in neuronal nuclei. This regulatory mechanism may be a promising target for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we showed that systemic ACSS2 knockout mice, although largely normal in physiology,...

Cellular rejuvenation through transcriptional reprogramming is an exciting approach to counter aging. Using a fibroblast-based model of human cell aging and Perturb-seq screening, we developed a systematic approach to identify single transcription factor (TF) perturbations that promote rejuvenation without dedifferentiation. Overexpressing E2F3 or EZH2, and repressing STAT3 or ZFX, reversed cellular hallmarks of aging-increasing proliferation, proteostasis, and mitochondrial activity, while...

Aging, a major risk factor for numerous diseases, is associated with significant transcriptional changes across organs. However, the age of onset, extent of transcriptomic changes and how they unfold are not fully understood. We performed bulk RNA sequencing on eight organs (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, spleen, and testis) from male C57BL/6J mice across much of the murine lifespan covering 3-, 5-, 8-, 14-, 20- and 26-month-old animals. Our analysis revealed that...

Chronic inflammation is a key driver of aging-related diseases, obesity-associated metabolic disorders, and tumor progression. Aging and obesity contribute to the accumulation of senescent cells, which secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors that promote tissue remodeling and chronic inflammation. Here, we investigated the pathological roles of angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2), a potential SASP factor, in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced premature aging. We...

Skeletal muscle fibrosis, as occurs with age, in response to injury, or in the setting of degenerative diseases, results in impairments of muscle regeneration and function. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), a distinct population of muscle-resident mesenchymal progenitor cells that reside in the muscle interstitium, play a crucial role in normal muscle regeneration by supporting muscle stem cell proliferation. However, in pathological conditions such as severe or recurrent muscle injury, FAPs...

Cognitive aging research has long observed that older adults' autobiographical memories and future thoughts, as assessed in laboratory contexts, lack spatiotemporal detail compared to young adults. Does this pattern also hold in everyday contexts? Across two studies, we examined characteristics of autobiographical thinking in real-world settings using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Study 1 included an adult lifespan sample (N = 3,847). Study 2 (preregistered) included 217 young and older...

Single-cell transcriptomic studies have identified distinct microglial subpopulations with shared and divergent gene signatures across development, aging, and disease. Whether these microglial subsets represent ontogenically separate lineages of cells or are manifestations of plastic changes in microglial states downstream of some converging signals is unknown. Furthermore, despite the well-established role of enhancer landscapes underlying the identity of microglia, the extent to which histone...

CONCLUSIONS: IC-frailty phenotypes show a biological gradient of subclinical inflammation, with higher IC having lower inflammation levels. Preserved locomotion reflects key functional correlates of resilience and vitality in advanced age.

Human skeletal muscle is a complex, dynamic tissue that changes profoundly with age. It comprises heterogenous cells including long, contractile, multinucleated myofibres, broadly classified into type I (slow-twitch/oxidative) fibres and type II (fast-twitch/glycolytic) fibres, as well as a variety of mononucleated cells (e.g., immune, satellite, and endothelial cells), and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Ageing as well as sarcopenia, a muscle condition characterised by progressive loss of...

CONCLUSION: Although the optimal structure of prehabilitation remains to be established, individualized multimodal interventions appear to hold promise for optimizing patients during the KT waiting period.

Platelets are short-lived anucleate cells essential for primary hemostasis and recognized for their functions in thrombosis, immunity, antimicrobial defense, neurodegeneration, as well as cancer growth and metastasis. Their brief lifespan in circulation is controlled by the removal of sialic acid residues from the platelet surface (desialylation) and also the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, with high expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-X(L) being required for platelet survival. This...

Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) differentiation is critical for the development, maintenance, and repair of bone tissue. MSCs also play a key role in regulating self-renewal and differentiation of normal hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells. Our prior work has identified a key role of taurine produced by bone marrow osteolineage cells in supporting the growth of taurine transporter (TauT or Slc6a6) expressing leukemia cells. Here, we analyze multiple murine non-hematopoietic bone marrow...

The nuclear envelope is a protective barrier for the genome and a mechanotransduction interface between cytoplasm and nucleus, whose malfunction disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport, compromises DNA repair, accelerates telomere shortening, and promotes genomic instability. Mechanisms governing nuclear envelope remodeling and maintenance in interphase and post-mitotic cells remain poorly understood. Here, we report a role for dynamins, a family of essential brain-enriched membrane- and...

O-GlcNAc modification is a key cellular signal, but its role in regulating senescence-associated transcription remains poorly understood. Here, we apply a time-resolved chemical genomics strategy to map dynamic O-GlcNAc chromatin-associated proteins (OCPs) during oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) in primary human fibroblasts. Chromatin O-GlcNAc modification continues to accumulate, while 1,987 senescence-associated OCPs undergo dynamic shifts in genomic occupancy across diverse epigenetic...

Reproductive history is closely linked to health, yet its relationship with biological aging and survival remains uncertain. We investigated this in the Finnish Twin Cohort, a population-based study that enables modeling of full childbearing history while controlling for common risk factors, through questionnaires and civil registries. We model the association between reproductive trajectories and survival in 14,836 women, and assess biological aging in a subset of 1054 participants using the...

Stable self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), such as (2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)) ethylphosphonic acid (2PACz), are crucial for reducing interfacial energy loss in high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the inherent aggregation tendency of SAMs at the buried interface hinders the device's performance. Here, we propose a surfactant-assisted strategy to inhibit the aggregation of 2PACz by functionalizing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Capitalizing on its distinctive electrostatic...