Aging & Longevity

The progressive decline of skeletal muscle (SkM) regeneration is a central feature of ageing. In sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function is driven by exhaustion and dysfunction of resident muscle stem cells and by degenerative remodeling of their regenerative niche, including cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and fibro-adipogenic conversion. Accordingly, cell-based therapies aim to reverse this regenerative failure through direct myofiber replacement, paracrine...

Age-related skeletal muscle decline contributes substantially to loss of physical independence and impaired metabolic health, yet its trajectory varies considerably among individuals. Fundamental determinants of muscle function, including architecture, cellular composition, and metabolic capacity, are established during prenatal and early postnatal development. During these windows, skeletal muscle exhibits substantial plasticity in response to parental physiological and metabolic states,...

CONCLUSIONS: Post-glucose FGF21 response is associated with lower habitual sucrose intake in older adults, but this association is attenuated among individuals with GDS. These observations may inform integrated endocrine and psychological approaches to mitigating nutritional imbalance in late-life depression.

Ageing is associated with impairments in muscle force-generating capacity and tendon mechanical properties, yet its effects on stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) function remain unclear. We combined in vivo ultrasonography with dynamometric and kinematic measurements to investigate the muscle-tendon mechanisms underpinning SSC performance in older adults. Fourteen young (28 ± 5 years) and fifteen older adults (67 ± 3 years) performed electrically evoked plantarflexion contractions on an isokinetic...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes extensive alterations during aging, yet its contribution to organismal aging remains partially understood. Emerging evidence now identifies elastin-derived fragments as bioactive matrikines that function as systemic drivers of inflammaging and aging, rather than passive byproducts of tissue degradation. This Viewpoint examines recent findings on elastin-derived fragments in the context of matrikine biology and aging, highlighting their emerging roles as...

This systematic review investigates the mediating factors in the relationship between ambient air pollution exposure and cognitive aging. We identified 16 studies examining 72 unique exposure-mediator-outcome associations for six pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, NOX, black carbon, and PM1 components). The most studied pollutant was PM2.5 (65% of analyses). Cognitive outcomes included memory, cognitive processing speed, and clinically diagnosed conditions such as dementia incidence. Potential...

With the ageing of the global population, age-related cardiovascular diseases have become a significant burden on global public health. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) possesses a deep theoretical foundation and extensive clinical experience in delaying age-related vascular diseases. However, a systematic synthesis of modern scientific evidence in this field remains lacking. This article provides a systematic review of research progress on the molecular mechanisms of TCM interventions in...

Physical exercise is a potent modifier of CNS aging, but its relationship with the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (CDKN1A) is neither uniformly suppressive nor equivalent to cellular senescence. Direct evidence remains sparse and preclinical. Sustained physiological exercise reduced hippocampal or cortical p21-associated signatures in models of metabolic distress, natural aging, and amyloid pathology. Conversely, acute treadmill exercise transiently increased hippocampal Cdkn1a, while...

Immunosenescence is not a uniform decline but a trajectory shaped jointly by age and sex. Using continuous high-dimensional immunophenotyping, we show that aging T cells accumulate a senescent signature of CD28 loss and CD57 gain, and that males reach an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio earlier and more severely than females. We argue that age-by-sex stratification should guide vaccination and geroprotective strategies in an aging population.

Aging biomarkers can potentially allow researchers to rapidly monitor the impact of an aging intervention without the need for decade-spanning trials. However, before the use of aging biomarkers, such as epigenetic clocks, as surrogate endpoints, their responsiveness to interventions that target aging must be tested. Here we curate TranslAGE, a harmonized database of 51 public and private longitudinal interventional studies, and calculate a consistent set of 16 prominent epigenetic clocks for...

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Frailty and cognitive impairments frequently co-occur in older adults. It remains unclear whether this overlap reflects shared underlying biological mechanisms or parallel but distinct disease pathways. We hypothesize that physical weakness and cognitive impairment share circulating markers already in an early disease stage. We therefore recruited and analyzed a relatively healthy population with partially overlapping pre-frailty and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and applied a multi-omics...

Family dogs' human-analogue attachment to the owner has long been recognised; however, how this dog-owner attachment develops and changes with age remains an open question. We examined age-related variation and the effect of training experience on the attachment behaviour in family dogs (N = 222) using the Strange Situation Test (SST). Across three age groups (puppy-juvenile, adult, and senior dogs), dogs were assessed by scores for three behavioural factors: attachment to the owner, anxiety...

The increase in life expectancy over the past century has been accompanied by the recognition of age as the primary risk factor for a wide range of pathologies, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. Thus, the development of interventions that slow the underlying biological processes of aging could have beneficial effects on the prevention or progression of these diseases. To evaluate such geroprotective interventions, quantifying biological damage via aging...

Population aging is accompanied by a parallel increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD), vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), and dementia, highlighting the urgent need to better understand the complex interactions linking cardiovascular, cognitive, and emotional health. Growing evidence suggests that cardiovascular dysfunction, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive decline are not isolated conditions but interconnected manifestations of shared vascular, inflammatory, neurohumoral, metabolic,...

Chronic diseases can continue to progress after the initiating insult has subsided, indicating that injured tissues may retain a persistent imprint of failed repair. Here, senescent repair memory refers to a tissue state in which transient repair-associated senescence fails to resolve and is maintained by persistent senescent cells, altered secretory and metabolic programmes, defective immune clearance, epigenetic stabilization and spatial niche interactions. Once established beyond the adaptive...

Ageing is a process of continuous decline of cellular health. This decline could be attributed to loss of functions to various crucial protein players regulating the triage of cellular physiology. Systematic decline of cellular proteostasis is one major change that orchestrates alterations in functioning of other biological indicators, including cellular energetics, signal transduction, and metabolic adaptation. Among many molecular players governing physiological changes, E3 ubiquitin ligases...

Biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) is a major source of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC), which contributes to climate through solar radiation absorption. Chemical aging (bleaching) of BrC diminishes light absorption over time. Although recent modeling studies have emphasized the need to account for bleaching when assessing BrC's climate impacts, a parameterization representing the entire BBOA matrix has been lacking. Here, we develop a bleaching parameterization for the whole BrC in BBOA...

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) constitute an organized hematopoietic system that undergoes age-related alterations, including increased platelet production and decreased erythropoiesis. The fundamental mechanisms driving these shifts remain incompletely understood. We used single-cell RNA sequencing data to show that old HSCs contain two distinct transcriptional programs: one shared with megakaryocytes and the other reflecting the most primitive HSC state. Developmental time-series profiling...