Aging & Longevity
Higher Magnesium Intake Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Frailty in Older Adults
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Higher magnesium intake was inversely and independently associated with lower frailty risk, especially of slow gait speed, in community-dwelling older adults, suggesting that adequate intake of this vital ion could help prevent unhealthy aging.
Emerging Digital Technologies Used for Fall Detection in Older Adults in Aged Care: A Scoping Review
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Most studies primarily focus on fall detection; however, we recommend further clinical research to emphasize both fall detection and, more importantly, fall prevention (both primary and secondary). Investigating the effectiveness of fall prevention technologies in real-world settings will be crucial for enhancing the safety and quality of life of the aging population.
Epigenetic Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnostic and Prognostic Relevance
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of cognitive decline in the aging population, presenting a critical need for early diagnosis and effective prognostic tools. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, have emerged as promising biomarkers for AD due to their roles in regulating gene expression and potential for reversibility. This review examines the current landscape of epigenetic biomarkers in AD, emphasizing their diagnostic and...
M1 muscarinic receptor activation reverses age-related memory updating impairment in mice
Previously consolidated memories can become temporarily labile upon reactivation. Reactivation-based memory updating is chiefly studied in young subjects, so we aimed to assess this process across the lifespan. To do this, we developed a behavioural paradigm wherein a reactivated object memory is updated with contextual information; 3-month-old and 6-month-old male C57BL/6 mice displayed object memory updating, but 12-month-old mice did not. We found that M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor...
14-3-3 protein and its isoforms: A common diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and glaucomatous neurodegeneration
There is a molecular coupling between neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucomatous neurodegeneration (GN), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Many cells in the eye and the brain have the right amount of 14-3-3 proteins (14-3-3s) and their isoforms, such as β, ε, γ, η, θ, π, and γ. These cells include keratocytes, endothelial cells, corneal epithelial cells, and primary conjunctival epithelial cells. 14-3-3s regulate autophagy and mitophagy, help break down built-up...
Longitudinal relationships between Aβ and tau to executive function and memory in cognitively normal older adults
The early accumulation of AD pathology such as Aβ and tau in cognitively normal older people is predictive of cognitive decline, but it has been difficult to dissociate the cognitive effects of these two proteins. Early Aβ and tau target distinct brain regions that have different functional roles. Here, we assessed specific longitudinal pathology-cognition associations in seventy-six cognitively normal older adults from the Berkeley Aging Cohort Study who underwent longitudinal PiB PET, FTP PET,...
Antioxidant and neuro-modulatory effects of niacin prevent D-galactose-induced behavioral deficits and memory impairment
Aging is an invincible phenomenon that is a risk factor for the development of neurological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and memory decline that are prominent in aging. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Niacin (Nn) on D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced behavioral deficits and memory impairment in rats. In the experiment, forty-eight male albino Sprague dwaley rats were divided on a random basis into six groups (n = 8): Veh + Veh, Veh + Nn (low dose), Veh + Nn (high dose), Veh +...
(Poly)phenols and diabetes: from effects to mechanisms by systematic multigenomic analysis
Diabetes is a chronic and multifactorial metabolic disease with increasing numbers of patients worldwide, characterized by loss of pancreatic β-cell mass and function with subsequent insulin deficiency. Thus, restoring functional β-cells could significantly impact disease management. The beneficial effects of natural compounds, namely (poly)phenols, in diabetes have gained increasing interest, due to their pleiotropic actions in several cellular processes, including in glucose homeostasis. These...
Functionality loss due to COVID-19 hospitalisation in older adults recovers with inpatient rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
CONCLUSION: Hospitalisation due to COVID-19 reduced functionality to a higher extent in older adults above 70 years. Inpatient rehabilitation was effective to improve functionality in both age groups.
The biological roots of the sex-frailty paradox
Aging is a dynamic process that requires a continuous response and adaptation to internal and external stimuli over the life course. This eventually results in people aging differently and women aging differently than men. The "gender paradox" describes how women experience greater longevity than men, although linked with higher rates of disability and poor health status. Recently, the concept of frailty has been incorporated into this paradox giving rise to the "sex-frailty paradox" which...
ELO-6 expression predicts longevity in isogenic populations of Caenorhabditis elegans
Variations of individual lifespans within genetically identical populations in homogenous environments are remarkable, with the cause largely unknown. Here, we show the expression dynamic of the Caenorhabditis elegans fatty acid elongase ELO-6 during aging predicts individual longevity in isogenic populations. elo-6 expression is reduced with age. ELO-6 expression level exhibits obvious variation between individuals in mid-aged worms and is positively correlated with lifespan and health span....
Synergetic bifunctional Cu-In alloy interface enables Ah-level Zn metal pouch cells
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-metal batteries, considered as the possible post-lithium-ion battery technology for large-scale energy storage, face severe challenges such as dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution side reaction (HER) on Zn negative electrode. Herein, a three-dimensional Cu-In alloy interface is developed through a facile potential co-replacement route to realize uniform Zn nucleation and HER anticatalytic effect simultaneously. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results...
The influence of healthy eating index on cognitive function in older adults: chain mediation by psychological balance and depressive symptoms
CONCLUSION: The Chinese Healthy Eating Index was found to have a direct positive impact on cognitive function in rural older adults. Furthermore, it exerted an indirect effect through the independent and chain-mediating roles of psychological balance and depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that dietary adherence can influence cognitive health not only directly but also by improving psychological well-being and reducing depressive symptoms.
TMEM16F regulates pathologic α-synuclein secretion and spread in cellular and mouse models of Parkinson's disease
One of the main hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology is the spread of the aggregate-prone protein α-synuclein (α-syn), which can be detected in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients as well as in the extracellular environment of neuronal cells. The secreted α-syn can exhibit "prion-like" behavior and transmission to naïve cells can promote conformational changes and pathology. The precise role of plasma membrane proteins in the pathologic process of α-syn is yet to be fully...
Plasma protein-based organ-specific aging and mortality models unveil diseases as accelerated aging of organismal systems
Aging is a complex process manifesting at molecular, cellular, organ, and organismal levels. It leads to functional decline, disease, and ultimately death, but the relationship between these fundamental biomedical features remains elusive. By applying elastic net regularization to plasma proteome data of over 50,000 human subjects in the UK Biobank and other cohorts, we report interpretable organ-specific and conventional aging models trained on chronological age, mortality, and longitudinal...
Association Between Time Since Smoking Cessation and Frailty Trajectory Among Community-Dwelling Older People: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The current study showed that past smokers with a longer duration of quitting smoking had a significantly lower degree of frailty at baseline and over time. These findings highlight beneficial effects of smoking cessation on frailty even in middle or old age and could be used in public health education to promote the importance of quitting smoking.
Aging, brain plasticity, and motor learning
Motor skill learning, the process of acquiring new motor skills, is critically important across the lifespan, from early development through adulthood and into older age, as well as in pathological conditions (i.e., rehabilitation). Extensive research has demonstrated that motor skill acquisition in young adults is accompanied by significant neuroplastic changes, including alterations in brain structure (gray and white matter), function (i.e., activity and connectivity), and neurochemistry...
Exercise-induced adaptive response of different immune organs during ageing
The immune system plays a crucial role in the ageing process. As individuals age, significant alterations in the immune system experiences occur, marked by a decline in immune cell count, compromised immune function, and decreased immune regulation across various immune organs. These changes collectively weaken the capacity to combat diseases and infections, highlighting the vulnerability that accompanies ageing. Exercise is a potent intervention that profoundly influences holistic well-being...
Dominant myosin storage myopathy mutations disrupt striated muscles in Drosophila and the myosin tail-tail interactome of human cardiac thick filaments
Myosin storage myopathy (MSM) is a rare skeletal muscle disorder caused by mutations in the slow muscle/β-cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene. MSM missense mutations frequently disrupt the tail's stabilizing heptad repeat motif. Disease hallmarks include subsarcolemmal hyaline-like β-MHC aggregates, muscle weakness and, occasionally, cardiomyopathy. We generated transgenic, heterozygous Drosophila to examine the dominant physiological and structural effects of the L1793P, R1845W, and E1883K...
Reprogramming cellular senescence in the tumor microenvironment augments cancer immunotherapy through multifunctional nanocrystals
Harnessing the immunogenic potential of senescent tumor cells provides an opportunity to remodel tumor microenvironment (TME) and boost antitumor immunity. However, this potential needs to be sophisticatedly wielded to avoid additional immunosuppressive capacity of senescent cells. Our study shows that blocking the JAK2/STAT3 pathway enhances immunogenic efficacy of Aurora kinase inhibitor alisertib (Ali)-induced senescence by reducing immunosuppressive senescence-associated secretory phenotype...
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