Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSION: The study underscores the importance of considering both direct and indirect effects in understanding the pathways through which early life experiences influence nutritional status in old age. The unexpected finding regarding the direct effect of childhood conditions on overweight in the Indian context raises important questions about the complexities of nutrition and health in this population.

BACKGROUND: Ageing is a heterogeneous process, which is associated with heterogeneous resilience in older people. Cancer surgery and treatment may be associated with accelerated ageing in some older people; studying this process will improve understanding to enable treatments to prevent adverse effects on physical and cognitive function.

CONCLUSIONS: Studies have shown that the social participation and sleep quality of older people in China can mediate the connection between urinary incontinence and subjective well-being. Therefore, it is necessary to pay timely attention to and intervene in the social participation and sleep quality of older patients with urinary incontinence to improve their subjective well-being.

Platelet-derived growth factors can restore the proliferative potential of senescent cells taken from the degenerated intervertebral discs of aged humans.

As the European Union undergoes a demographic shift toward an aging population, the rising prevalence of age-related diseases poses significant public health challenges. Across the EU, disparities in health indicators and life expectancies highlight the urgency of addressing factors that contribute to unhealthy aging. Burnout, characterized by emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion, has emerged as a critical determinant of healthy aging, with profound biological, psychological, and social...

Individual imaging and fluid biomarkers provide insights into specific components of brain health, but integrated multimodal approaches are necessary to capture the complex, interrelated biological systems that contribute to brain homeostasis and neurodegenerative disease. Using data from the Brain and Cognitive Health (BACH) cohort study (N = 127; mean age = 67 years, 68% women), we performed an exploratory factor analysis to identify latent constructs of brain health. We included multimodal...

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a vital interface between motor neurons and muscle fibers, and alterations in its structure and function can substantially influence the onset and progression of sarcopenia. Electromyography (EMG) is a critical tool to assess motor unit and NMJ function, providing insights into neuromuscular activation patterns and the integrity of motor unit communication. However, its implications for aging and muscle performance during sarcopenia have not been fully...

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation has been shown to exert an important effect on the progression of a growing number of neurodegenerative disorders. Prolonged exposure to detrimental stimuli leads to a state of progressive activation and aging-related features in microglia (also termed as senescent microglia). However, the mechanisms by which senescent microglia contribute to neuroinflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction remain to be elucidated. Here, we developed a mouse model of...

Tai Chi practice has been widely adopted to improve balance and prevent falls in older adults. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the benefits of Tai Chi are difficult to evaluate during traditional balance assessments. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of Tai Chi and healthy aging on corticomuscular coherence (CMC) while standing in virtual balance-demanding environments. We recorded neural, muscular, and behavioral data in an immersive virtual reality environment while...

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common female endocrine disorder in women, and there is currently no effective pharmacological treatment available. Acupuncture, an important component of traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in improving ovarian function in patients with POF; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study systematically investigated the therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced POF through combined...

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a life-threatening condition characterised by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and tissue scarring. While much of PF research has focused on alveolar epithelial cells and fibroblasts, endothelial cells have emerged as active contributors to the disease initiation, especially in the context of systemic exposure to pro-fibrotic substances. Here, we investigate early transcriptomic and secretory responses of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to...

Recent studies have shown that the interaction between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) plays a vital role in the progression of leukemia and the development of drug resistance, while the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. In this study, we found that AML patient-derived BMSCs exhibit a hyperinflammatory phenotype. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in BMSCs enhances mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by RAB5A-mediated blockade of...

Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest with a complex role in tissue repair, aging, and disease. However, inconsistencies in identifying cellular senescence have led to varying conclusions about their functional significance. We developed a machine learning-based approach that uses nuclear morphometrics to identify senescent cells at single-cell resolution. By applying unsupervised clustering and dimensional reduction techniques, we built a robust pipeline that...

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Centenarians represent a population achieving extreme longevity. Despite growing interest in the role of dietary supplements in aging, there is limited research examining their use among centenarians. This study assessed the prevalence, duration, and frequency of dietary supplement use among centenarians in China. Data on self-reported supplement usage were sourced from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The analysis included 2,169 female and 708 male...

The tissue hormone acyl coenzyme A-binding protein (ACBP, encoded by the gene diazepam-binding inhibitor, DBI) has been implicated in various facets of pathological aging. Here, we show that ACBP plasma concentrations are elevated in (close-to-)centenarians (mean ± SD age 99.5 ± 4.5 y) commensurate with their health deterioration, correlating with a reduced glomerular filtration rate and a surge in senescence-associated cytokines. ACBP neutralization by means of a monoclonal antibody (mAb)...

Successful aging is essential for health, particularly as the global population of older adults rises. It assesses whether older adults maintain a healthy lifestyle and enjoy quality in their later years. This study explores the relationship between successful aging and mortality, focusing on how its components relate to mortality across different genders. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of 9633 older adults (aged 65+) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2011-2018). This...

The dysfunction of the cellular endolysosomal pathway, such as in lysosomal storage diseases, can cause severe musculoskeletal disorders. However, how endolysosomal dysfunction causes musculoskeletal abnormalities remains poorly understood, limiting therapeutic options. Here, we report that CHMP5, a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III protein family, is essential to maintain the endolysosomal pathway and regulate bone formation in osteogenic lineage cells....

Telomere length and DNA methylation (DNAm) clocks serve as markers of biological aging and have been linked to mortality risk. This study applies additive Bayesian networks (ABNs) to examine associations between DNAm clocks, telomere length, and mortality, with a focus on racial and sex differences in aging. Data from three US cohorts-NHANES (n = 2522), HRS (n = 1029), and HANDLS (n = 92-470)-were analyzed using correlation matrices, Cox models, ABNs, and generalized structural equation models...

Racial discrimination against Chinese immigrants to various countries worldwide has risen sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic, but limited research exists regarding the pathways through which racial discrimination impacts older immigrants' mental health. This study explored the relationship of perceived discrimination to depression among older Chinese immigrants living in Aotearoa New Zealand, through pathways of chronic health conditions, language barriers, and COVID-19 risks while taking into...