Aging & Longevity

BACKGROUND: Dementia prevention is an urgent global health priority in aging populations. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) presents a key window for intervention, where cognitive training can effectively slow progression to dementia. There remains a need for implementation strategies that activate primary healthcare providers (the first point of contact) to deliver such interventions. This study aims to evaluate a multi‑component implementation strategy (enhanced training, financial incentives,...

The age-related decline in oocyte quality is a major risk factor for female infertility. Although transcriptome has been examined in aged oocytes, proteomic landscape, which reflects primary gene functional executors, remains largely unexplored. This gap limits our understanding of oocyte aging. To address this, we perform single-cell proteome/transcriptome co-profiling of GV/MII-aged oocytes from mice and humans, revealing species- and stage-specific proteomic/transcriptomic changes during...

What explains the large variation in lifespan across species? I examine an information-turnover proposition-that ancestral environmental variability should shorten captive lifespan after controlling for body mass, temperature and extrinsic mortality (P1), with a possible lineage-fate interaction (P2)-against the classical extrinsic-mortality prediction that safer niches permit longer life. I state the decision rules in advance rather than register a third-party protocol. Integrating AnAge (4,219...

Obesity is a major metabolic disorder linked to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Beyond hypothalamic alterations, emerging evidence indicates that extra-hypothalamic regions, including the cerebellum, are vulnerable to obesity-induced neurotoxicity. This study investigated whether high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity causes cerebellar oxidative stress, impairs Na^(+),K^(+)-ATPase (NKA) activity, and triggers molecular features resembling brain aging in female Balb/C mice. Chronic 10-week...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder that represents the leading cause of dementia worldwide, affecting over 50 million people. This global burden is expected to rise dramatically over the coming decades because of global population aging, representing a public health concern. Despite significant advances in understanding AD pathophysiology, early diagnosis remains challenging, emphasizing the urgent need for novel, reliable diagnostic and predictive...

CONCLUSION: In this diverse HABS-HD sample, increasing ten-year ASCVD risk was associated with greater AT(N)-V biomarker burden and poorer cognitive performance across multiple domains. These cross-sectional findings suggest that ten-year ASCVD risk may serve as a marker of co-occurring cardiovascular and brain health burden, but they do not establish causality or temporal direction.

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Baker's yeast is a long-standing model for studying mechanisms of aging. Due to asymmetric division, yeast mother and daughter cells are distinguishable, and mother cells usually cease division after 15-25 budding events. However, yeast suspensions consist predominantly of young cells. Here we investigated whether, under harsh environmental conditions, replicative aging-defined by the number of buds produced-manifests at early replicative ages. To test this, we adapted a flow-cytometry-based...

Blood feeding in Anopheles mosquitoes is at the root of all malaria infections in humans and is supported by a range of physiological and behavioral adaptations. Since behavior is orchestrated at the level of the central nervous system, we surveyed the cellular diversity and spatial organization of the female Anopheles gambiae brain and compared it to other insect species. We then describe transcriptional changes associated with mosquito life history events with single brain and single-cell RNA...

Although semantic cognition remains behaviorally stable with age, neuroimaging studies report age-related alterations in response to semantic context. To address these inconsistent findings, we combined behavioral and magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures and examined the neural mechanisms underlying lexical-semantic processing in healthy aging. Forty-six Finnish-speaking adults across younger (22 - 32 years) and older (62 - 69 years) cohorts performed a semantic congruency judgment task on word...

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains a major cause of long-term sensory and motor dysfunction, imposing a substantial clinical and socioeconomic burden worldwide. Although peripheral nerves possess intrinsic regenerative capacity, functional recovery is often incomplete because of the complex interplay among axonal degeneration, Schwann cell plasticity, neuroimmune responses, extracellular matrix remodeling, metabolic reprogramming, remyelination, and target reinnervation. Recent advances in...

CONCLUSIONS: Patient decision aids were common in kidney failure treatment decision-making interventions, but incorporation of geriatric-relevant SDM features varied across decision points, and few interventions were evaluated exclusively among older adults. Future interventions should tailor geriatric-relevant SDM features to specific treatment decisions to best support older adults in making kidney failure treatment decisions.

Age-related sensory decline impairs responses to balance disturbances, increasing fall risk. Evaluating gait and balance under sensory challenges can help reveal how this decline affects instability in older adults. This study (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT06345625) incorporates head movements to evaluate the effect of sensory function - cervical sensorimotor control, vestibular function, and visual acuity - on walking stability in aging and its relationship with falls through a novel augmented-reality...

Aging is a critical risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration, a major contributor to chronic low back pain. Loss-of-function studies showed that SIRT6, a nuclear NAD^(+)-dependent deacetylase, maintains disc health. We therefore investigated whether long-term SIRT6 activation via systemic delivery of the small-molecular agonist MDL-800 improves disc health in 24-month-old mice. Studies revealed healthy disc morphology, enhanced cell viability, and lower degeneration scores following...

Disruption describes the extent to which a scientific work overturns the prior knowledge on which it builds and leads to a new line of research. A scientist's tendency to produce disruptive work has been found recently to decline over the career. However, the disruption index captures only how strongly a paper overturns prior work and ignores whether that disruption is later accepted or overturned by subsequent research. The persistent disruption (PD) framework adds this second perspective,...

Maternal age is the primary risk factor for aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes, but the molecular mechanisms that preserve meiotic chromosome segregation fidelity during aging remain incompletely understood. Using ultrastructural analysis, we observe that spindle microtubules in aged mouse oocytes tend to exhibit increased misorientation and shorter interaction lengths, whereas microtubule number and density remain largely unchanged. We demonstrate that the levels of the key centromeric components...

Despite the central role of myelination in brain function and plasticity, its characterization remains fragmented, with existing studies typically constrained either spatially, by focusing on selected brain structures, or temporally, by covering only limited age ranges. Here, we provide a comprehensive brain-wide map of myelination across the lifespan, leveraging T1w/T2w ratios from 214 brain regions in individuals aged 0-100 years. This fine-grained spatiotemporal mapping reveals regional...

Maintaining health during global population aging represents a critical challenge, where mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in the hematopoietic system surfaces as a prevalent somatic mutation in aging men. However, its longitudinal impact on sensory organ degeneration remains insufficiently characterized. Analyzing 223,051 male participants from the UK Biobank, we demonstrated that LOY uniquely and independently predicted an increased risk of incident age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

Time-to-event models are central to aging research, quantifying both whether and when an event occurs. However, guidance on selecting among traditional statistical and machine learning (ML) methods for prediction modeling remains limited, particularly for epidemiologic aging cohorts with wide assessment intervals. Mobility limitation, as a clinically important aging outcome with such complexities, provides a relevant test case for methodological benchmarking. We conducted a systematic benchmark...