Aging & Longevity

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention is one of the diseases with threatening health and increasing mortality. Despite decades of research, the precise mechanisms of MIRI remain incompletely understood. Ageing is considered one of the factors that exacerbate MIRI. Emerging evidence highlights that protein post‑translational modifications (PTMs) serve as critical regulators...

Cellular senescence is a complex, highly regulated cell state induced by cellular damage and stress. Senescence is central to many areas of biology, with roles in tumour suppression, tissue regeneration, antiviral defence and diverse age-related pathologies. Senescence is characterized by stable cell cycle arrest, metabolic alterations, chromatin remodelling and the secretion of pro-inflammatory and tissue-modifying factors that are collectively termed the senescence-associated secretory...

Senescent cells promote tissue dysfunction in part through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)¹. Cytosolic mitochondrial nucleic acids activate innate immune signalling to initiate this inflammatory programme^(2,3). Here we show that mitochondrial metabolism provides a second layer of control that enables execution of the inflammatory programme. In senescent cells, the mitochondrial pyruvate-citrate-acetyl-CoA axis is upregulated, increasing the availability of acetyl-CoA to...

Cellular senescence was initially defined in vitro as a stable cell-cycle arrest that occurs after repeated replication, but it is now recognized as a heterogeneous state shaped by cell type, species, senescence-inducing stress, tissue microenvironment and time. To organize this complexity, we propose the term 'senotype' to classify senescent cells by their inputs, molecular features and functional effects. We outline a practical framework incorporating: (1) cell identity and context; (2)...

Age-related changes in the immune system result in pronounced vulnerability to acute infections and cancers, and in dysregulated inflammation and wound healing that fuel many chronic diseases. Although we understand much about some of these changes, gaps in mechanistic knowledge remain, in part hindered by a lack of well-validated in vitro models of immune aging. We propose that multidisciplinary approaches, nucleated at the interface of immunology, gerontology and engineering, have the...

Statin optimization in older adults is increasingly relevant within the geroscience framework of cardiovascular ageing. This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether pharmacist-led pharmaceutical care improves lipid outcomes and statin adherence in community-dwelling older adults receiving primary care. A total of 99 patients aged 65 years or older on long-term statin therapy were randomized to usual care or structured pharmacist-led care delivered every 3 months. The primary outcome was...

Targeting biological processes of aging is a central goal of geroscience; however, limited data exist regarding the feasibility of incorporating biological aging biomarkers into dietary intervention trials. We conducted a pilot feasibility study among 34 adults aged 48-81 years with metabolic syndrome, a condition associated with elevated risk of age-related cardiometabolic disease and advanced biological aging. Participants consumed 1 oz of tree nuts and two tablespoons of extra virgin olive...

CONCLUSION: Systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation were associated with poorer cognitive performance, particularly executive dysfunction, in this rural aging cohort. These findings, while modest in effect size, support the importance of cardiometabolic health in cognitive aging, motivating future longitudinal and mechanistic studies.

CONCLUSION: The Adgrl2-Camk2d-TRPV1 signaling axis is a core driver pathway of perimenopausal cognitive impairment, exacerbating neuronal damage by mediating calcium overload, neuroinflammation, and metabolic disorders. This discovery provides a novel pathological mechanism for perimenopausal cognitive impairment, identifies Adgrl2 and TRPV1 as potential therapeutic targets, and designates Ca^(2+) as an ideal diagnostic biomarker, offering significant support for clinical diagnosis, treatment,...

In Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), dysfunctional autophagy results in the accumulation of progerin, a lamin A mutant variant that alters a plethora of processes, inducing senescence and driving premature aging. Therefore, the elimination of progerin through autophagy restoration emerges as a therapeutic intervention against HGPS. However, a comprehensive study of autophagy flux in HGPS remains to be addressed. In this study, the dynamics of autophagy in HGPS fibroblasts were...

Sensory impairment (SI) and accelerated epigenetic aging are both linked to later-life vulnerability, yet their joint value for risk stratification remains poorly understood. We investigated whether the co-occurrence of sensory deficits and accelerated epigenetic aging identifies older adults at heightened risk of functional decline and mortality. We analyzed data from 2,395 participants in the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study with valid DNA methylation (DNAm) and sensory data....

Fractures of long bones such as the femur are a common and serious health concern in the elderly, triggering immune responses essential for healing but also affecting remote organs like the liver. With age, the risk of fractures and immune imbalance increases, raising the likelihood of organ damage, infections, and mortality. To better understand age-dependent hepatic responses to bone injury, this study investigates early immune responses in the liver following femoral osteotomy, used here as a...

Epigenetic clocks are widely used to estimate biological age and predict health outcomes, but their translational value depends not only on accuracy but also on reliability. Using the TranslAGE platform, we evaluated both technical and biological reliability across 18 DNA methylation-based aging biomarkers, including chronological, mortality, and pace-of-aging clocks. Most clocks demonstrated excellent technical reproducibility across replicate assays on EPIC and 450 K arrays. However, several...

Mitochondrial dysfunction drives T cell aging in mice. Yet, due to fundamental differences in T cell aging mechanisms between species, whether human T cells exhibit similar mitochondrial alterations remains unclear, with existing evidence often conflicting. Using cryoelectron tomography, we resolved the structure and spatial organization of mitochondrial ribosomes in primary human CD8^(+) T cells under physiological conditions. Comparative analysis with human aging models revealed an age-related...

Membrane separation technology represents a promising and effective alternative to traditional energy-intensive gas separation technologies. However, most commercial membranes have low permeability and moderate selectivity, which limits their ability to meet the stringent gas purity requirements for hydrogen purification and natural gas upgrading. In this study, Matrimid, a widely used commercial polymer, was selected as the matrix material. Cucurbituril (CB) with selective cavity was...

The buried interface between the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and the perovskite plays a critical role in device performance and stability in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, severe desorption and agglomeration of self-assembled molecules lead to interfacial losses and shorten device longevity. Herein, we design a molecule, 5,5',5″-(nitrilotri-4,1-phenylene)tris[2-thiophenecarboxylic acid] (TTA) with a noncoplanar molecular configuration and multiple functional groups. The...

The aging brain exhibits a decline in the regenerative populations of neural stem cells (NSCs). While mechanisms that restore old NSC function have started to be identified, the role of lipids-especially complex lipids-in NSC aging remains largely unclear. Using lipidomic profiling by mass spectrometry, we identify age-related changes in complex lipids in quiescent NSCs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, several polyunsaturated fatty acids increase across lipid classes in quiescent NSCs during...

The 9p21 locus encodes critical cell cycle regulators p16^(INK4A), p14^(ARF), and p15^(INK4B) and contains a high density of SNPs associated with aging-related diseases. Progress toward understanding 9p21 regulatory mechanisms has been constrained by complex transcript structures and a shortage of cell models that retain physiologic locus control. We innovated tools to deconvolve the expression and regulation of 9p21 transcripts in single cells. We find that 9p21 transcripts exhibit highly...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Familial AD accounts for less than 1% of cases, while sporadic AD (SAD) accounts for over 95%. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the critical transition phase from normal aging to AD dementia. Understanding the pathological progression from MCI to AD and the mechanisms underlying SAD is essential. Rodent models, including transgenic and non-transgenic models, are vital tools for developing effective AD therapies. However,...

Sarcopenia and cognitive decline frequently co-occur in older adults, and growing evidence indicates that these conditions share a common biological substrate centred on the muscle-brain axis. In this narrative review we synthesise contemporary mechanistic and translational evidence on how skeletal muscle communicates with the ageing brain through myokines and exerkines - including irisin/FNDC5, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1),...