Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSION: Our results imply that for those born small, having lower educational level is associated with having worse physical function at late-life, partly through less physical activity throughout the life-course.

CONCLUSIONS: Government-procured pDXA enables cost-effective universal OP screening in resource-limited rural areas. Scaling this model requires culturally adapted education (e.g., Wu Chinese dialect audiovisual materials) and tiered medication subsidies for groups with low medical payment capacity, aligning with the UN Decade of Healthy Aging (United Nations, UN Decade of Healthy Aging 2021-2030, World Health Organization, 2020).

Hippocampal degeneration is a feature of both normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prior to macroscopic degeneration, microstructural changes occur such as demyelination, iron deposition, or subtle atrophy, which can be characterized in vivo using MRI. We topographically mapped measures of microstructure and macrostructure across the unfolded surface of the hippocampus in 224 healthy older adults at risk for AD (aged 57 to 87) and 37 younger adults (aged 18 to 37). We describe three...

In animal models, exposure to heightened maternal inflammation in utero is associated with altered offspring hippocampal development, including reduced dendritic arborization and density. However, the effects of prenatal maternal inflammation (PNMI) on offspring hippocampal microstructure in humans remain unclear. Here, we examined the relationship between exposure to PNMI and neurite density in the hippocampus and its subfields among offspring during late middle age. Participants included 72...

Altered β-amyloid (Aβ) homeostasis is a critical event triggering the shift from healthy aging to Alzheimer disease (AD) through the overproduction and impaired clearance of Aβ peptides. The Aβ-degrading enzymes (ADEs) are a collective group of proteases that normally promote clearance to counteract Aβ-induced neurodegeneration. We previously discovered that the beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 is an atypical ADE that produces the nontoxic fragment Aβ34 by recognizing 40- or...

INTRODUCTION: Humans and other vertebrates exhibit anisotropic orientation and navigation skills, with better performances in the horizontal compared to the vertical plane. While horizontal navigation accuracy decreases with higher age, less is known about age effects on vertical spatial abilities. The same is true for disorders which cause spatial memory deficits, e.g., cognitive impairment or chronic peripheral vestibular loss.

Aging is characterized by chronic low-grade neuroinflammation, which increases the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Neuroinflammation, driven by the activation of astrocytes and microglia, underlies age-associated cognitive deficits. Amplified neuroinflammatory responses to immune challenges are attributed to microglial activation in the aged brain. Despite extensive clinical and experimental evidence linking neuroinflammation to aging, the molecular players that control age-associated...

INTRODUCTION: White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is a hallmark imaging biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease and are strongly associated with vascular cognitive impairment in the elderly. Morphological changes in large extracranial brain-feeding arteries, such as the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral arteries (VA), may alter intracranial hemodynamics and contribute to WMH development. This study examined the relationship between arterial tortuosity and WMHs using magnetic resonance...

Aging is characterized by a coordinated functional decline across multiple organs. While cell-autonomous mechanisms contribute to local aging phenotypes, the systemic synchronicity of aging suggests a major role for cell non-autonomous drivers. Emerging evidence implicates the hypothalamus-a central regulator of neuroendocrine and homeostatic functions-as a potential source of circulating pro-geronic signals. A hallmark of brain aging is the accumulation of senescent cells, particularly in...

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BackgroundPsychological disorders and cognitive impairment frequently co-occur in older adults, posing challenges to healthy aging. This study aimed to examine the association between late-life psychological disorders and the risk of developing cognitive impairment.MethodsProspective study analyzed data from 28,706 older adults enrolled in the Taipei City Older Adults Health Examination (2012-2016), among whom 10.3% developed cognitive impairment during follow-up. Psychological disorders were...

Population aging is accelerating, yet the multi-organ aging process and the geroprotective effects of dietary protein restriction (PR) remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted comprehensive proteomic analyses on 41 mouse tissues during male mouse aging and PR. Our findings identified tissue-specific aging hallmarks, including widespread changes in immunoglobulins and serine protease inhibitors across multiple tissues. PR mitigated age-related tissue-specific protein expression, epigenomic...

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Cross-education (CE), the phenomenon whereby unilateral strength training induces neuromuscular adaptations in the contralateral limb, is underpinned by distributed cortical and subcortical plasticity. This study evaluated acute neural responses to a single bout of metronome-paced unilateral strength training in younger (n = 17; 27 ± 6 years) and older adults (n = 18; 67 ± 5 years). Neurophysiological assessments included corticospinal excitability and inhibition via transcranial magnetic...

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel multidimensional group intervention aimed at enhancing subjective cognitive and psychosocial functioning in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsSixty cognitively healthy adults aged 65-75 were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The 10-week intervention integrated five components: memory compensation, problem solving, emotion regulation, mindfulness, and locus of control. Validated self-report measures were...

Aging is a multifaceted process involving cellular senescence and a significant remodeling of the immune network driven by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This progressive process needs adaptable drivers to push it forward. The redox-sensitive high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a perfect example of this kind of oxidative stress- and aging-related multifunctional protein. The HMGB1 protein is an important non-histone DNA chaperone which maintains chromatin...

Cellular senescence is a state where cells permanently exit the cell cycle after a finite number of divisions, while maintaining metabolic activity. This phenomenon, initially described by Leonard Hayflick, plays a pivotal role in aging, contributing to the progressive decline in physiological function by promoting tissue dysfunction and restricting regenerative capacity. It is regulated by an array of factors, including DNA damage, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, mitochondrial...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and pathological α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation. Although insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) has been implicated in both type 2 diabetes mellitus and amyloid-protein clearance, its precise relevance to PD pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we show that IDE expression is reduced in the nigrostriatal region of aging homozygous A53T α-syn mice and in...

Metastatic uveal melanomas are highly resistant to all existing treatments. To identify actionable vulnerabilities, we conducted a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen using a library composed of chromatin regulators. We revealed that the lysine methyltransferase, SETDB1, plays a critical role in metastatic uveal melanoma cell proliferation and survival. Functionally, SETDB1 deficiency induces a DNA damage response, senescence-like state and growth arrest. Knockdown of SETDB1 is associated with a...

Age-related thymic involution increases vulnerability to cancers and infection in older adults, yet the driving mechanisms and its impact on peripheral T cells remain unclear. Using single-cell sequencing, we here analyzed 387,762 cells from human thymus and peripheral blood of young and aged individuals. Within thymus, we found aging reduced T-lineage potential in early thymic progenitors but increased innate lymphocyte lineage potential. Aged thymus were enriched in mature T cells with low...