Aggregator

Overlooked emissions from exotic positronium atoms could improve medical scanners

Unlike people, these nest-building insects pull harder in teams

False positive claims of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in scRNA-seq studies are of substantial concern. We found that DEGs from individual Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's (HD), and COVID-19 datasets had moderate predictive power for case-control status of other datasets, but DEGs from Alzheimer's (AD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ) datasets had poor predictive power. We developed a non-parametric meta-analysis method, SumRank, based on reproducibility of relative differential expression ranks...

Previous work showed that natural selection has acted to minimize the genomic frequencies of representative dynamic DNA sequences capable of forming G-quadruplex, Triplex, hairpin, and i-motif structures in long-lived mammals, thus diminishing the mutagenic potential of their genomes. This report extends findings with single sequences to broadly distributed G3-4N1-7G3-4N1-7G3-4N1-7G3-4 dynamic sequence motifs and identifies a second, previously unknown, pool of dynamic DNA sequences that escape...

Obesity-related conditions are among the leading causes of preventable death and are increasing in prevalence worldwide. Body size and composition are complex traits that are challenging to characterize due to environmental and genetic influences, longitudinal variation, heterogeneity between sexes, and differing health risks based on adipose distribution. Here, we construct a 4-factor genomic structural equation model using 18 measures, unveiling shared and distinct genetic architectures...

No abstract

The progressive loss of cerebral white matter during aging contributes to cognitive decline, but whether reduced blood flow is a cause or a consequence remains debatable. Using deep multi-photon imaging in mice, we examined microvascular networks perfusing myelinated tissues in cortical layer 6 and the corpus callosum. We identified sparse, wide-reaching venules, termed principal cortical venules, which exclusively drain deep tissues and resemble the vasculature at the human cortex and U-fiber...

Aging is a major risk factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Whereas young neurons are capable of buffering disease-causing stresses, mature neurons lose this ability and degenerate over time. We hypothesized that the resilience of young motor neurons could be restored by reexpression of the embryonic motor neuron selector transcription factors ISL1 and LHX3. We found that viral reexpression of ISL1 and LHX3 selectively in postnatal motor...

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, has been studied for its various health-promoting effects recently. This study investigates the effects of dietary CBD to the circadian clock of Drosophila melanogaster as a model animal and its many physiological effect to flies. We showed that CBD extended the period of locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting its influence on the circadian clock. Additionally, CBD improved sleep quality and extended lifespan under starvation...

CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest current impairment in vision or motor function may be strong indicators of prevalent dementia in older adults.

No abstract

The meninges serve as a critical interface between the peripheral immune system and the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in maintaining parenchymal homeostasis. Neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyloidosis and tauopathies, are marked by the accumulation of extracellular neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau tangles, respectively, leading to neuronal cell death and cognitive decline. The role of the adaptive immune response in these pathologies remains under...

The meninges serve as a critical interface between the peripheral immune system and the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in maintaining parenchymal homeostasis. Neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyloidosis and tauopathies, are marked by the accumulation of extracellular neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau tangles, respectively, leading to neuronal cell death and cognitive decline. The role of the adaptive immune response in these pathologies remains under...

CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the complex relationship between genetic legacies and modern diseases, emphasizing the need for gender-sensitive healthcare strategies that consider the unique connections between female reproductive health and aging.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the complex relationship between genetic legacies and modern diseases, emphasizing the need for gender-sensitive healthcare strategies that consider the unique connections between female reproductive health and aging.

Aging causes significant changes in gene expression and metabolic function of cells in various organs. Although it is known that liver regeneration is delayed by aging, the effects of aging on changes in gene expression and metabolic functions in liver regeneration need further investigation. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed changes in gene expression and metabolic function by liver regeneration in young and old mice to examine the effects of aging on these changes. During the process...

This study investigates the correlation between polypharmacy and gut microbiota compositional changes in older people who were treated with multidrug therapy, aiming to provide insights into the complex interplay between medication use, gut microbiota, and aging. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was employed to analyze microbial diversity in older patients with multiple chronic diseases and polypharmacy, and the results were compared with a control group of older people without...

Aging is increasingly understood as a multifactorial process involving mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic drift, and chronic inflammation. While many age-related pathologies have been linked to impaired mitophagy and transcriptional deregulation, the upstream mechanisms driving these phenomena remain elusive. Here, a unifying hypothesis is proposed: that the progressive reactivation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), combined with latent viral infections acquired during life, imposes...

Many brain disorders involve mitochondrial alterations, but owing to the lack of suitable tools, the causal role of mitochondrial dysfunction in pathophysiological processes is difficult to establish. Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins are key regulators of cell functions, and they can be found within mitochondria. Therefore, we reasoned that the activation of stimulatory mitochondrial G proteins (G(s)) could rapidly promote the activity of the organelle and possibly...

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are characterized pathologically by deposition of specific proteins in the brain. Five major neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins - amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, α-synuclein, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) - are commonly encountered, and the disease specificity and neurotoxicity of the fibrillar protein assemblies are...