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Sarcopenia increases the risk of frailty, morbidity, and mortality in older adults. Resistance exercise training improves muscle size and function; however, the response to exercise training is variable in older adults. The objective of our study was to determine both the age-independent and age-dependent changes to the transcriptome following progressive resistance exercise training. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained before and after 12 weeks of resistance exercise training in 8 young (24...

The hypothalamus has been recognized as a regulator of whole-body aging. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), highly abundant in the central nervous system and produced by the hypothalamus, enhances autophagy in this brain region and mediates autophagy triggered by caloric restriction, suggesting a potential role as a caloric restriction mimetic and an aging regulator. Considering that hypothalamic NPY levels decline during aging, we investigated if reestablishment of NPY levels mitigate aging phenotype, using...

Acyl CoA binding protein encoded by diazepam binding inhibitor (ACBP/DBI) is a tissue hormone that stimulates lipo-anabolic responses and inhibits autophagy, thus contributing to aging and age-related diseases. Protein expression profiling of ACBP/DBI was performed on mouse tissues to identify organs in which this major tissue hormone is expressed. Transcriptomic and proteomic data bases corroborated a high level of human-mouse interspecies conservation of ACBP/DBI expression in different...

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Interorgan communication between bone and skeletal muscle is central to human health. A dysregulation of bone-muscle crosstalk is implicated in several age-related diseases. Ageing-associated changes in endocrine, inflammatory, nutritional and biomechanical stimuli can influence the differentiation capacity, function and survival of mesenchymal stem cells and bone-forming and muscle-forming cells. Consequently, the secretome phenotype of bone and muscle cells is altered, leading to impaired...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is highly specialized to protect the brain from harmful circulating factors in the blood and maintain brain homeostasis^(1,2). The brain endothelial glycocalyx layer, a carbohydrate-rich meshwork composed primarily of proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids that coats the BBB lumen, is a key structural component of the BBB^(3,4). This layer forms the first interface between the blood and brain vasculature, yet little is known about its composition and roles in...

CONCLUSIONS: Participation in exercise/activities is associated with a lower likelihood of frailty. Regular housework may also contribute to reducing frailty risk.

The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is important for many cognitive functions, including learning, memory, and mood. Here, we present transcriptome-wide spatial gene expression maps of the human dentate gyrus and investigate age-associated changes across the lifespan. Genes associated with neurogenesis and the extracellular matrix are enriched in infants and decline throughout development and maturation. Following infancy, inhibitory neuron markers increase, and cellular proliferation markers...

Extreme heat is well-documented to adversely affect health and mortality, but its link to biological aging-a precursor of the morbidity and mortality process-remains unclear. This study examines the association between ambient outdoor heat and epigenetic aging in a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 56+ (N = 3686). The number of heat days in neighborhoods is calculated using the heat index, covering time windows from the day of blood collection to 6 years prior. Multilevel...

The senescence process is connected to the characteristics of cellular aging. Understanding their causal network helps develop a framework for creating new treatments to slow down the senescence process. A growing body of research indicates that aging may adversely affect stem cells (SCs). SCs change their capability to differentiate into different cell types and decrease their potential for renewal as they age. Research has indicated that consistent physical exercise offers several health...

Most adults experience age-related cognitive decline. However, "Positive-Agers" exhibit superior cognition compared to their age-matched peers. Distinguishing between those with superior cognitive performance and those with cognitive decline over time could better inform treatment therapies in older adults. We developed an algorithm called Optimal Cognitive Scoring (OptiCS) that accurately differentiates "Positive-Agers" from "Cognitive Decliners." This study draws on a cohort of 5797...