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Muscle volume, strength, physical performance, and quality (functional and morphological domains) decline with age; however, the specific patterns and differences among these variables in old age remain unclear. We quantitatively assessed sex- and age-related changes and differences among these variables in older adults. We hypothesized that the rates of age-related decline differ among the parameters. Specifically, muscle quality would decline more steeply than muscle mass, with sex-related...

Diversity in biological, social, and environmental factors plays a central role in shaping brain health and disease. Distinct brain disorders frequently exhibit overlapping clinical phenotypes, despite arising from heterogeneous biological and contextual mechanisms. This convergence challenges conventional, population-averaged approaches, which often fail to capture interindividual variability and lead to limited reproducibility, weak translational potential, and inadequate tools for...

CONCLUSIONS: The results present the complex connection between cardiometabolic disorders, their treatment and cognitive functioning. The research highlights the necessity for a tailored approach in prescribing cardiovascular medications, considering their potential link with cognitive health. Especially the role of angiotensin II receptor antagonists merits further studies.

CONCLUSIONS: The study found that BMR is positively associated with cognitive function, whereas sarcopenia is inversely associated with cognitive function and mediates the BMR- cognitive function association.

CONCLUSION: ST in prolonged bouts was associated with higher cardiometabolic risk severity, whereas ST in short bouts was linked to lower risk in community-dwelling older adults.

DBI/ACBP (diazepam binding inhibitor, acyl-CoA binding protein), which is a major macroautophagy/autophagy-repressive protein, is emerging as a key player in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis through multifaceted roles that encompass both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms. Beyond promoting cancer cell proliferation, DBI/ACBP contributes to a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment by sustaining inflammation and impairing immunosurveillance. Experimental models of HCC, whether induced...

CONCLUSIONS: In this nationally representative sample of Chinese older adults, VI, HI, and DSI, were significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Future studies are encouraged to employ standardized tools to assess sensory and cognitive impairments, further explore the mechanisms linking the two, and consider the potential benefits of incorporating sensory impairment assessment and management into primary healthcare to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment.

Cortisol has been widely used as biomarker of stress and aging, but confounding effects and disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can lead to misinterpretation of results based on a single measurement. A possible alternative is the co-measurement of cortisol and the adrenal hormone dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), a glucocorticoid antagonist that modulates the stress response. Using data from 969 individuals from the Midlife in the United States study, this study aimed to...

Cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults represent significant global health challenges. Although the bidirectional relationship between physical function and brain health is well established, the mechanistic drivers of this link remain poorly understood. Muscle function and quality are central to physical function, and muscle's secretome is increasingly recognized for its systemic health effects-supporting the potential for muscle-to-brain crosstalk. This concept was explored at the...

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Neurodegeneration is a hallmark of various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke, and neurotropic viral infections. Although the precise etiology remains unclear, multiple pathological mechanisms contribute to disease progression, including mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, calcium excitotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, immune system activation, and neuroinflammation. Among these, the immune...

Malawi is undergoing demographic shifts in age that will inevitably increase the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson s disease (PD). However, there is a knowledge gap about the clinical profiles of patients with PD in the country. This cross-sectional study analyzed the clinical characteristics of thirty-two patients with PD at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre Malawi using a structured questionnaire and the Movement Disorder Society Unified PD Rating Scale. The...

The loss of cellular and tissue identity is a hallmark of aging and numerous diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Our analysis of gene expression data from over 40 human tissues and 20 diseases reveals a pervasive upregulation of mesenchymal genes across multiple cell types, along with an altered composition of stromal cell populations, denoting a "mesenchymal drift" (MD). Increased MD correlates with disease progression, reduced patient survival, and an elevated...

CONCLUSIONS: Changes in social isolation are significantly associated with the incidence of frailty in older adults.

The development of multiple chronic diseases in the same individual (i.e., multimorbidity) results from the loss of homeostasis across several biological systems. Identifying pathophysiological pathways common to multiple diseases, using accessible biomarkers, could increase our understanding of multimorbidity and improve its prognostication and management. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles published till September 2024 that investigated biomarkers of multimorbidity. Due...

Identifying interventions that reproducibly extend lifespan is a central aim in geroscience, with hopes of translating these findings to enhance the health and longevity of older adults. L-deprenyl, an FDA approved medication, has been investigated for its role in aging for over three decades. To evaluate the effect of L-deprenyl on lifespan in mammals we performed a random-effects meta-analysis on 22 rodent lifespan experiments. The results indicate L-deprenyl significantly increases average...

During aging, the decline in ovarian hormone levels in women is associated with increased weight gain, fat accumulation, and alterations in the circadian timing system. Aligning eating with the activity phase improves metabolic outcomes. In contrast, misalignment entrains the circadian clock in peripheral organs and raises spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) before mealtime. Given that ovarian estradiol (E2) modulates both metabolism and circadian function, this study aimed to investigate the...

The confinement of macromolecules has profound implications for cellular biochemistry. It generates environments with specific physical properties affecting diffusion, macromolecular crowding, and reaction rates. Yet, it remains unknown how intracellular density distributions emerge and affect cellular physiology. Here, we show that the nucleus is less dense than the cytoplasm and that living systems establish a conserved density ratio between these compartments due to a pressure balance across...

A new DNA methylation biomarker, Dunedin Pace of Aging Calculated from the Epigenome (DunedinPACE), is associated with healthy lifespan in several European ancestry cohorts. Few studies have examined the relation between dietary quality and DunedinPACE in African American and White adults with longitudinal assessments. To assess the relationship between diet quality and DunedinPACE, we used longitudinal data from African American and White 30-64 year old adults living above and below poverty....

Episodic memory, the ability to recall past events, is particularly vulnerable to ageing. A decline in episodic memory performance is generally considered part of ageing. However, the episodic memory performance of superagers -defined as individuals aged 80+ years old with episodic memory of people 30 years younger- is superior to that typical of their chronological age. The aim of this study was to determine whether the discrepancy between the superager's episodic memory and chronological age...