Aging & Longevity

Human lifespan is shaped by genetic and environmental factors. To enable precision health, understanding how genetic variants influence mortality is essential. We conducted a survival analysis in European ancestry participants of the UK Biobank, using age-at-death (N=35,551) and last-known-age (N=358,282). The associations identified were predominantly driven by cancer. We found lifespan-associated loci (APOE, ZSCAN23) for common variants and six genes where burden of loss-of-function variants...

Neurogenesis and gliogenesis continue in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the adult rodent brain. V-SVZ astroglial cells with apical contact with the ventricle (B1 cells) function as neural stem cells (NSCs). B1 cells sharply decline during early postnatal life; in contrast, neurogenesis decreases at a slower rate. Here, we show that a second population of astroglia (B2 cells) that do not contact the ventricle also function as NSCs in the adult mouse brain. B2 cell numbers increase...

The buildup of knot-like RNA structures in brain cells may be the key to understanding how uncontrolled protein aggregation drives Alzheimer's disease.

Age and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) are the two major risk factors for developing glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide that is characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although vision loss is irreversible over the long term, accumulating evidence points to short-term improvement of vision in glaucoma patients in response to certain interventions, suggesting that RGCs have the capacity to recover function. In the present study, we sought to investigate the...

This study investigates the impact of postretirement organizational work on the well-being and overall quality of life of the elderly population in Cyprus. Specifically, it evaluates the multifaceted effects of continued employment after retirement, based on data collected through a survey administered to a representative sample of elderly Cypriots. The research findings, informed by prominent instruments in the field, demonstrate significant enhancements in autonomy, self-actualization, and...

The choroid plexus (CP) serves as the primary source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The blood-CSF barrier, composed of tight junctions among the epithelial cells in the CP, safeguards CSF from unrestricted exposure to bloodborne factors. This barrier is thus indispensable to brain homeostasis and is associated with age-related neural disorders. Nevertheless, its aging is poorly understood. Here, we report that cathepsin S (CTSS), a protease secreted from the CP macrophages, is upregulated in aged...

Sarcopenia negatively affects the quality of life and health of older individuals. Physical exercise is a standard treatment for sarcopenia. Recently, the potential benefits of green tea catechins (GTCs) in sarcopenia have gained considerable attention. In this study, we investigated the effects of a combination of GTCs and physical exercise on the symptoms and pathologies of sarcopenia using male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8). These mice were divided into four groups: control,...

Earth-abundant TiO(2) is a promising negative electrode for low-cost sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to its high capacity, rapid (dis)charging capability, safe operation potential and nonflammability. Crystalline anatase TiO(2) is not suitable for reversible Na^(+) (de)intercalation, but it displays pseudocapacitive response after repeated cycles. Herein, we find and demonstrate that ordered rocksalt (RS) NaTiO(2) nanograins are in situ formed by electrochemically cycling with Na^(+) ions in...

Inferring cellular and molecular dynamics of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions from postmortem tissue collected decades after onset is challenging. Using magnetic resonance image (MRI)-guided spatiotemporal RNA profiling in marmoset experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), we mapped lesion dynamics and modeled molecular perturbations relevant to MS. Five distinct lesion microenvironments emerged, involving neuroglial responses, tissue destruction and repair, and brain border regulation. Before...

Atmospheric organic aerosols (OAs) influence Earth's climate by absorbing sunlight. However, the link between their evolving composition and their absorptive effects is unclear. We demonstrate that brown nitrogen (BrN), the absorptive nitrogenous component of OAs, dominates their global absorption. Using a global model, we quantified BrN abundance, tracked its optical evolution with chemical aging, and assessed its radiative absorption. BrN contributes 76% of OAs' surface light absorption over...

CONCLUSION: The review highlighted EEG connectivity as a powerful tool to advance understanding of AD-related changes in brain communication. We address the need for including demographic and methodological details, using source space connectivity, and extending this work to cognitively healthy older adults with AD risk toward advancing early AD detection and intervention.

We previously demonstrated that viral vector-mediated striatal Ca(V)1.3 calcium channel downregulation in young adult (3mo) male parkinsonian rats provides uniform, robust protection against levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID). Acknowledging the association of PD with aging and incidence in male and female sexes, we have expanded our studies to include rats of advancing age of both sexes. The current study directly contrasts age and sex, determining their impact on efficacy of intrastriatal...

Cellular senescence and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling are crucial in pulmonary aging and age-related lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. HIF plays a pivotal role in cellular adaptation to hypoxia, regulating processes like angiogenesis, metabolism, and inflammation. Meanwhile, cellular senescence leads to irreversible cell cycle arrest, triggering the senescence-associated secretory phenotype which contributes to...

Aging and metabolic disorders share intricate molecular pathways, with the Forkhead box O (FOXO)- Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) axis emerging as a pivotal regulator of cellular stress adaptation, metabolic homeostasis, and longevity. This axis integrates nutrient signaling with oxidative stress defence, modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and autophagy to maintain cellular stability. FOXO transcription factors, regulated by SIRT1 deacetylation, enhance antioxidant defence...

CONCLUSION: Walking speed and CRP levels are critical determinants in evaluating the risk of MetS in older adults; improving walking speed and mitigating inflammation may contribute to a decreased risk of MetS.

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Sarcopenia increases the risk of frailty, morbidity, and mortality in older adults. Resistance exercise training improves muscle size and function; however, the response to exercise training is variable in older adults. The objective of our study was to determine both the age-independent and age-dependent changes to the transcriptome following progressive resistance exercise training. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained before and after 12 weeks of resistance exercise training in 8 young (24...

The hypothalamus has been recognized as a regulator of whole-body aging. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), highly abundant in the central nervous system and produced by the hypothalamus, enhances autophagy in this brain region and mediates autophagy triggered by caloric restriction, suggesting a potential role as a caloric restriction mimetic and an aging regulator. Considering that hypothalamic NPY levels decline during aging, we investigated if reestablishment of NPY levels mitigate aging phenotype, using...

Acyl CoA binding protein encoded by diazepam binding inhibitor (ACBP/DBI) is a tissue hormone that stimulates lipo-anabolic responses and inhibits autophagy, thus contributing to aging and age-related diseases. Protein expression profiling of ACBP/DBI was performed on mouse tissues to identify organs in which this major tissue hormone is expressed. Transcriptomic and proteomic data bases corroborated a high level of human-mouse interspecies conservation of ACBP/DBI expression in different...

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