Aging & Longevity

Early diagnosis and noninvasive monitoring of neurological disorders require sensitivity to elusive cellular-level alterations that occur much earlier than volumetric changes observable with the millimeter-resolution of medical imaging modalities. Morphological changes in axons, such as axonal varicosities or beadings, are observed in neurological disorders, as well as in development and aging. Here, we reveal the sensitivity of time-dependent diffusion MRI (dMRI) to the structurally disordered...

Epigenetic and omics-based clocks have provided invaluable tools to quantify aging, yet these clocks do not provide direct readouts of aging in real-time in living systems. As methylation changes in nucleolar ribosomal DNA are reliably associated with aging and cellular senescence, we hypothesized that shifts in rRNA species could be leveraged to generate image-based clocks using selective dyes. Here we engineer sensitive and photostable hybrid polymethine dyes selective for rRNA. We present a...

CONCLUSIONS: These findings enhance our understanding of the association between chronic diseases and depressive symptoms and provide important insights that can guide policy-makers and practitioners in addressing the psychological challenges faced by older adults with chronic diseases.

The spatial heterogeneity of halogen distribution in perovskite thin films represents a critical factor currently limiting both the power conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells. We identified pronounced through-film inhomogeneity in chlorine distribution in formamidinium lead iodide films, with the generally used additive methylammonium chloride. We demonstrated that incorporating alkali metal oxalates could effectively homogenize the chlorine distribution. These compounds underwent...

The HIV type 1 (HIV-1) accessory proteins Virion Infectivity Factor (Vif) and Viral Protein R (Vpr) are essential for efficient virus replication in vivo. Vif mediates degradation of host restriction factor APOBEC3G, while Vpr modulates the host cell proteome in ways that promote virion infectivity and viral gene expression. In cycling cells including CD4+ T cells, Vif and Vpr also severely impact cell cycle progression for reasons that remain unknown. Here, we combined live-cell imaging with...

CONCLUSION: Sarcopenic obesity is associated with an increased risk of falls among middle-aged and older adults, especially in longitudinal analyses. Age-stratified results suggest that the impact of SO on falls may be more pronounced in the middle-aged group. Our findings support the need for early identification and targeted interventions for individuals with SO to mitigate fall-related risks in aging populations.

The hippocampus, a brain region critical for memory, undergoes significant age-related changes at both the macroscopic and microstructural levels. This study investigates these changes using high-gradient diffusion MRI (dMRI) data analyzed in an unfolded hippocampal space. We applied the Soma and Neurite Density Imaging (SANDI) model to quantify microstructural alterations in 72 cognitively healthy participants aged 19-85 years, scanned on a 3 T Connectome MRI scanner with a maximum gradient...

Relationships between Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies in cognitively unimpaired adults and in vivo neurometabolic properties measured directly from the hippocampus, a vulnerable region early along the AD continuum, are not well-understood in the earliest stages of AD. In a 3T ¹H-MRS study, we assessed age and AD-related changes in estimates of absolute concentrations of neurometabolites in the right hippocampus. Participants included older adults (age range: 60-85, n = 19) primarily...

Long-term allergies can exhibit persistent concentrations of circulating immunoglobulin E (IgE). Here, we examined the lifespan of IgE antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) to determine whether the IgE that sustains allergies receives contributions from long-lived cells or relies more heavily on constant ASC production. In mouse aeroallergy, IgE ASCs localized to the lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow (BM). IgE ASC production continued for months after allergen exposure ceased. We...

Aging and related diseases account for ⁓70 % of global mortality with declining physiological homeostasis and cognitive function increasing susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Treatment is hampered by imprecise diagnostics and limited therapeutic options. Precision medicine involving artificial intelligence (AI)-powered Aging Digital Twin (ADT) technology which integrates multi-source heterogeneous data via advanced AI and deep learning has great...

CONCLUSION: Lipoprotein metabolism plays a central role in determining healthspan and longevity. Understanding the cross-species diversity and regulatory mechanisms of lipid transport provides critical insights into aging biology. Advances in pharmacology, nutrition, and genetic technology offer promising tools to modulate lipoprotein profiles and promote healthy aging in humans.

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Lithospheric thin zones, such as recently failed rifts, are generally assumed to be weak spots where magmatism and deformation can concentrate during rifting and large igneous province development^(1-3). Yet, the Turkana Depression in East Africa, the site of the failed 66-million-year-old Anza Rift, did not experience the widespread flood magmatism seen on the adjacent Ethiopian Plateau, despite being a lithospheric thin spot when the region encountered hot plume material around 45 million...

Dementia is increasing globally, expected to affect 153 million people by 2050. Dance is an emerging non-pharmacological evidence-based intervention, that integrates artistic, aesthetic, and physical exercise domains. This umbrella review synthesizes evidence on the effects of dance on brain health in older adults with mild-cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis were selected according to the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome): older...

Vaccine responses decline with age, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using an aluminum hydroxide (Alum)-adjuvanted spike (S+Alum) vaccine, this study identifies an aging-linked pathway in which senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokines (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, interleukin [IL]-6, and interferon-γ) at the injection site are upregulated and associate with increased histocompatibility 2, T region locus 23 (H2-T23; Qa-1^(b)) expression on monocytes. These...

Polysulfide-based redox flow batteries are promising for long-duration energy storage, owing to ultralow-cost/earth-abundant active materials and full decoupling of power and energy. However, their practical application has been prevented by poor cycle life resulting from polysulfide crossover and a heavy reliance on costly fluorinated membranes (Nafion 117, USD $800 to $3500 per square meter), along with the environmental concerns. Here, we develop a nonfluorinated sulfonated polyethersulfone...

Bioelectronic devices implanted on peripheral nerves offer potential for the treatment and rehabilitation of clinical diseases. However, the foreign body reaction and the subsequent fibrous capsule formation at the device-peripheral nerve interface severely limit their efficacy and longevity in vivo. Here, we describe a robust bioadhesive strategy that can establish nonfibrotic bioelectronic interfaces on diverse peripheral nerves-occipital, vagus, deep peroneal, sciatic, tibial, and common...

CONCLUSIONS: It may be beneficial to find ways to help such individuals feel included in society.

Impaired wound healing in aged and diabetic wounds involves complex cellular dysregulation that hinders tissue repair. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and validation techniques, we investigated impaired wound healing to identify whether there were significant changes linked to each condition. Comparative mucosal wound analysis revealed distinct differences between diabetic and normoglycemic (NG)-aged mice, which had an impact on connective tissue formation and epithelial closure....

Motor learning refers to a set of processes associated with practice and experience that are essential for acquiring new skills and adapting behavior throughout the lifespan. Mastery of motor skills plays a crucial role in maintaining autonomy and quality of life, particularly in aging populations. This learning process relies on internal neural mechanisms that lead to enduring changes in movement capability, yet the underlying functional and anatomical adaptations in sensorimotor circuits...