Aging & Longevity
The effects of different types of calorie restrictions on epigenetic modifications of age-related genes in aging mouse brain
The effects of calorie restriction (CR) on age-related epigenetic modifications have recently been exposed, yet there is a road ahead in explaining the effects of CR on the epigenetic regulations. Although the exact mechanism(s) underlying the beneficial effects of CR on healthy brain aging is still unclear, increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications are promising regulators that may be involved in this phenomenon. Here, we assessed the long-term effects of two different types of...
The global burden of varicella and herpes zoster in adults aged 65 years and older: a comprehensive analysis based on the global burden of disease 2021
CONCLUSION: From 1992 to 2021, the global burden of varicella zoster among adults aged 65 and older has changed significantly. The ASIR of varicella and herpes zoster increased, but ASDR decreased. Despite the notable advancement in health equity across countries, the burden persists disproportionately among populations in low-SDI regions.
Education does not affect memory decline or brain aging
No abstract
A 20-week, randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of the Aging Well through Interaction and Scientific Education - Action Plan (AgeWISE-AP) program in older Veterans
BACKGROUND: Advancing age is the number one risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, making cognitive aging a concern for the nearly half of Veterans who are age 65 and older. There has been a growing appreciation for the value of nonpharmacological lifestyle interventions in dementia risk reduction, including consistently exercising, eating a healthy diet, getting sufficient sleep, socializing, and engaging in cognitively stimulating activities. The 12-week Aging Well through Interaction...
A Frailty-Based Plasma Proteomic Signature Capturing Overall Health and Well-Being in Older Adults
Frailty is an age-related syndrome characterized by an increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes in the face of stressors. By deriving a blood-based proteomic signature for frailty, the current study aimed to enhance the understanding of frailty biology and created a person-specific predictor for the risk of frailty and other adverse age-related health outcomes. A 25-protein signature (proteomic frailty index [pFI]) predictive of the cumulative frailty index (FI) in the LonGenity cohort...
Local Growth Hormone Facilitates Aging of the Colon Epithelial Microenvironment
Aging is associated with the appearance of senescent cells secreting the senescence-associated secretome, facilitating a milieu favoring age-related microenvironmental changes. As we previously showed the production of local nonpituitary growth hormone (npGH) in senescent colon epithelial cells, we now elucidate mechanisms underlying npGH action in the nontumorous colon tissue microenvironment. We demonstrate autocrine npGH action in normal human colon cells (hNCC) infected with...
Social and Activity Participation and Subjective Well-Being Among Older Adults in Japan: A Comparative Analysis of Healthy and Care-Needing Groups
Objectives: This study explores the relationship between social and activity participation (SAP) and subjective well-being (SWB) among older adults in Japan, with a particular focus on differences by care-needing status. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2019 Sakai City Older Adults Survey, including 5469 healthy and 406 care-needing individuals aged 65 and over (65.59% female). An ordered probit model was used to estimate the association between SAP and SWB, which was measured on an 11-point...
Younger adult brain utilizes interhemispheric strategy via ipsilateral dorsal premotor cortex for fine control of dexterous finger movements, unlike the aging brain
CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that ipsilateral sensorimotor activity during the current dexterous task reflects different physiological mechanisms between younger and older adults. When performing the task, younger adults recruited the ipsilateral PMd, S1, and Area 2 by disinhibiting their interhemispheric inhibition to complement for their clumsiness; the ipsilateral PMd appeared important for the interhemispheric interaction, whereas the ipsilateral sensorimotor activity in older adults...
E2f1 Overexpression Reduces Aging-Associated DNA Damage in Cultured Cerebral Endothelial Cells and Improves Cognitive Performance in Aged Mice
As we age, cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) are less efficient in maintaining genome integrity and accumulate DNA damage. DNA damage in the brain endothelium can lead to the impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a major factor in brain dysfunction and dementia. Thus, identifying factors that regulate DNA repair in the brain endothelium can prevent brain dysfunction associated with aging. E2F1 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with DNA...
Telomerase dynamics in stem cells: Unraveling the molecular nexus of cellular aging and regeneration
The expression levels of telomerase exhibit regulatory heterogeneity across different cell types and various biological stages of cell development. The expression of telomerase is dynamically regulated across cell types and developmental stages, with its activity predominantly determined by the abundance of its catalytic subunit, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Telomerase levels are typically high in the pluripotent embryonic stem cells, germline cells, and cancer cells, and silenced in...
Lysosomal membrane homeostasis and its importance in physiology and disease
Lysosomes are membranous organelles that are crucial for cell function and organ physiology. Serving as the terminal stations of the endocytic pathway, lysosomes have fundamental roles in the degradation of endogenous and exogenous macromolecules and particles as well as damaged or superfluous organelles. Moreover, the lysosomal membrane is a docking and activation platform for several signalling components, including mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), which orchestrates metabolic signalling in the cell....
Uncovering the multivariate genetic architecture of frailty with genomic structural equation modeling
Frailty is a multifaceted clinical state associated with accelerated aging and adverse health outcomes. Informed etiological models of frailty hold promise for producing widespread health improvements across the aging population. Frailty is currently measured using aggregate scores, which obscure etiological pathways that are only relevant to subcomponents of frailty. Here we perform a multivariate genome-wide association study of the latent genetic architecture between 30 frailty deficits,...
Characterizing sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in patients aged 65 years and over, at risk of mobility disability: a multicenter observational trial (SARA-OBS)
CONCLUSIONS: SARA-OBS results contribute to defining subgroups of older adults at risk of functional decline over 6 months, specifically subjects with SPPB = 8, affecting GS and the 6MWD. Additionally, the SO subpopulation exhibited a relevant deterioration in physical function as evaluated by the 6MWD.
Autophagy activator AA-20 improves proteostasis and extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan
The degradation of cellular components through autophagy is essential for longevity and healthy aging. However, autophagy function decreases with aging, contributing to age-related diseases. In this study, we characterized a small-molecule activator of autophagy called AA-20 that enhances autophagy and lipid droplet clearance in human cells and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AA-20 reduces polyglutamine aggregation in an autophagy-dependent manner in both human cells and C. elegans,...
Pelota-mediated ribosome-associated quality control counteracts aging and age-associated pathologies across species
Ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) is a pivotal biological process that governs the fidelity of messenger RNA (mRNA) homeostasis and protein synthesis. Defects in RQC are implicated in cellular dysfunction and proteotoxicity, but their impact on aging remains elusive. Here, we show that Pelota, the ribosome rescue factor, promotes longevity and protects against age-related pathological phenotypes in multiple metazoan species. By performing a targeted genetic screen, we find that Pelota is...
Sex-Specific Aging Patterns of Gut Microbiota in Urban Chinese Adults: Guild-Based Analysis and Implications for Healthy Aging
Gut microbial stability typically decreases with physiological aging. This decline may vary between sexes and can potentially be mitigated by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Microbial guilds, defined as functionally coherent groups of bacteria, may serve as meaningful ecological indicators of aging. This study included 2944 participants aged 51-89 years from the Shanghai Men's and Women's Health Studies. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and a guild-based approach, we evaluated the associations...
Tissue Resident Memory Cells: Friend or Foe?
Tissue-resident memory T (T(RM)) cells are a specialised subset of immune cells that remain within tissues, playing a vital role in localised immune defence and long-term immunity. Unlike circulating memory T cells, T(RM) cells do not recirculate to provide rapid and effective responses against previously encountered pathogens at the tissue level. The formation of T(RM) cells is driven by tissue-specific cues, guiding their differentiation and retention within organs such as the skin, lungs and...
High estimated pulse-wave velocity is associated with lower brain white matter microstructural integrity twelve years later
High pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of increased arterial stiffness, is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. PWV can be estimated (ePWV) from age and blood pressure (BP). Elevated ePWV is associated with cerebral small-vessel disease, cognitive decline, and dementia risk in middle-aged and older adults. We examined data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Neuroscience Project to examine the association of ePWV with brain white matter microstructure. BP was measured in 132...
Transition Between Healthy Aging and Renal Dysfunction During Natural Aging: Role Of p21, p16, NADPH Oxidase, NFkB, and COX-2
CONCLUSION: These findings highlight a critical transitional phase in kidney aging, where early senescence and oxidative stress emerge before functional decline. COX-2 may serve as a central mediator in this process, offering a potential therapeutic target for mitigating age-related renal dysfunction.
A narrative review and expert consensus on barriers, facilitators, and research gaps to healthy and positive ageing - Position of the Multidisciplinary International Positive Ageing Group (MIPAG)
Recent developments in healthcare and scientific research have shifted the perception of ageing from a period of decline to recognising its potential for sustained functional ability, well-being, and societal contributions. In light of this perspective, a multidisciplinary panel of experts from five European countries conducted a narrative review of the literature. It convened for a one-day consensus meeting to identify key barriers, facilitators, and research priorities related to healthy...
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