Aging & Longevity

BACKGROUND: The aging population in China is confronted with considerable challenges, with 14.71% of elderly individuals affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The practice of Tai Chi has been demonstrated to enhance cognitive function, while sensory stimulation has been shown to facilitate neural activity. Nevertheless, the combined impact of Tai Chi and sensory stimulation on cognitive, sensory functions, and brain activation in older adults with MCI remains uncertain. This study aims to...

The autophagy-lysosomal system comprises a highly dynamic and interconnected vesicular network that plays a central role in maintaining proteostasis and cellular homeostasis. In this study, we uncovered the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), dUsp45/USP45, as a key player in regulating autophagy and lysosomal activity in Drosophila and mammalian cells. Loss of dUsp45/USP45 results in autophagy activation and increased levels of V-ATPase to lysosomes, thus enhancing lysosomal acidification and...

CONCLUSION: A sex-based variation in the rate of aortic morphological aging is observed throughout the lifespan, with females showing more pronounced changes in aortic tortuosity. It highlights the importance of prioritizing preventive measures for females, who may benefit more due to sex-specific disparities.

Aging is a principal driver of cardiomyopathy, characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and progressive telomere shortening in cardiomyocytes. These pathological changes impair cellular bioenergetics and regenerative capacity, accelerating cardiac deterioration. However, targeted interventions to mitigate these effects remain limited. This research investigates the therapeutic potential of CISD1 activation as a novel strategy to counteract aging-associated cardiac decline....

The present study aimed at determining the test-retest reliability of commonly used measures in a sample of middle-aged and older participants who presented with a wide range of functional abilities. Participants were middle-aged (40-55 years) and older adults (> 60 years) with- and without mobility limitations, tested both before and after a 4-week period (n = 43). Measures included maximal dynamic (1-RM) and isometric strength, surface EMG (sEMG), peak power, ultrasound-derived muscle size and...

Aging is a driving factor of various non-communicable diseases. Air pollution and greenspace also affect human health to varying degrees. However, the relationship between air pollution, green space and aging has not been clearly studied. To address this gap, we conducted a study estimating the biological age of 156,690 individuals in the UK Biobank using the PhenoAge algorithm from clinical traits. We defined the residual between biological age and actual age as Phenotypic Age Acceleration...

The disease course and outcome of COVID-19 greatly varies between individuals. To explore which biological systems may contribute to this variation, we examined how individual metabolites and three metabolic scores relate to COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The metabolome of 346 patients was measured using the 1H-NMR Nightingale platform. The association of individual metabolomic features and multi-biomarker scores, i.e. MetaboHealth, MetaboAge, and Infectious Disease Score...

Age-related reductions in cerebellar integrity predict motor impairments in older adults (OA), but the contribution of cerebro-cerebellar interactions to these impairments remains unclear. Understanding these interactions could reveal underlying mechanisms associated with age-related deficits in motor control. To explore this, twenty younger adults (YA) and twenty OA, all right-handed, participated in a dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol. Cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) was...

Aging is driven by fundamental mechanisms like oxidative stress, telomere shortening and changes in DNA methylation, which together prepare the ground for age-related diseases. Botanical extracts, rich in bioactive phytoconstituents, represent a promising resource for developing therapies that target these mechanisms to promote healthy aging. This study explores the geroprotective potential of Monarda didyma L. extract. In vitro analyses revealed the extract's strong antioxidant activity,...

Age is among the strongest risk factors for severe outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we describe upper respiratory tract (URT) and peripheral blood transcriptomes of 202 participants (age range of 1 week to 83 years), including 137 non-hospitalized individuals with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and 65 healthy individuals. Among healthy children and adolescents, younger age is associated with higher URT expression of innate and adaptive immune pathways. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces broad...

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Many different animal developmental and homeostatic processes rely on signalling via the highly conserved Notch pathway. Often Notch signalling has iterative roles during cell specification and differentiation, controlling not only the state of progenitor cells but also the fate and function of their progeny. Its roles continue throughout the lifespan of the organism, regulating normal tissue maintenance, as well as operating in response to damage. Consistent with such fundamental roles, the...

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant burden of PIM use among older adult patients in Bahrain, with more than half of the participants receiving at least one PIM. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, particularly among female patients, those with chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, and patients taking five or more medications. These insights contribute to the broader understanding of geriatric pharmacotherapy and offer a foundation for...

Among epigenetic modifiers, telomeres represent attractive modulators of the genome in part through position effects. Telomere Position Effect-Over Long Distances (TPE-OLD) modulates gene expression by changes in telomere-dependent long-distance loops. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of TPE-OLD, we performed a genome-wide transcriptome and methylome analysis in proliferative fibroblasts and myoblasts or differentiated myotubes with controlled telomere lengths. By integrating omics...

Structural and functional aspects of the hippocampus have been shown to be sensitive to the aging process, resulting in deficits in hippocampal-dependent cognition. Similarly, adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), described as the generation of new neurons from neural stem cells in the hippocampus, has shown to be negatively affected by aging throughout life. Extensive research has highlighted the role of physical exercise (PE) in positively regulating hippocampal-dependent cognition and AHN....

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Physical activity (PA) may delay the onset of age-related diseases by decelerating biological aging. We investigated the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and metabolomics-based aging markers (MetaboAge and MetaboHealth) in late midlife and during 16 years of follow-up. At the 16-year follow-up, we also investigated the association between device-based PA and MetaboAge and MetaboHealth. We included 1816 individuals (mean age 61.6 years) from the Helsinki Birth Cohort...

In early postnatal and young adult bone marrow, Leptin receptor-expressing (LepR^(+)) stromal cells and endothelial cells synthesize factors required for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance, including Stem Cell Factor (SCF) and Cxcl12. However, little is known about how these stromal cells change during aging. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse bone marrow stromal cells at 2, 12, and 24 mo of age. We identified five transcriptionally distinct subsets of LepR^(+) cells, all of...

Physical function declines with aging, yet there is considerable heterogeneity, with some individuals declining very slowly while others experience accelerated functional decline. To gain insight into mechanisms promoting high physical function with aging, we performed proteomics, targeted metabolomics, and targeted kynurenine-focused metabolomic analyses on serum specimens from three groups of octogenarians: High-functioning master athletes (HF, n = 16), healthy normal-functioning non-athletes...

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells recognizing CD19 (19CAR-T) cell therapy has achieved robust clinical efficacy when treating some hematological malignancies, but which patient subgroups benefit mostly remains elusive. Here we summarized the data of 541 patients from 30 clinical trials who underwent 19 CAR-T therapy and analyzed the different clinical responses between young (<44 years), middle-aged (45-59 years) and elderly (>60 years) patients and found that the young patients showed a higher...