Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSIONS: The need-based educational intervention, along with the educational handbook, has a positive impact on the QoL of older adults. We recommend formal educational sessions with country-specific guidelines for caregivers of activity-limited older adults in the community to improve their QoL.

CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic primary suture of the common bile duct avoids some complications associated with T-tube drainage and offers advantages such as less trauma, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stay. For elderly patients with clear indications, this surgical method is a safe and feasible option.

CONCLUSION: Multidimensional health promotion behaviors are critical factors in the frailty status of Chinese middle-aged and older adults, and there are gender differences in the age-dependent trends in the levels of health promotion behaviors among them with different frailty states. This informs the provision of targeted prevention and intervention services for middle-aged and older adults.

Background: Cognitive decline poses a significant challenge to healthy aging. While exercise is widely recognized for its cognitive benefits, the comparative efficacy of different exercise modalities and optimal intervention protocols for specific cognitive domains in older adults remains unclear. Objective: This network meta-analysis aimed to systematically compare the effects of five exercise modalities-resistance training, aerobic exercise, mind-body exercise, multicomponent exercise, and...

CONCLUSIONS: Among community-dwellers in six LMICs, DAO was significantly associated with MCI among middle-aged individuals, but not among older people. However, it is important to note that the study was cross-sectional in nature, and thus, it is not known whether DAO leads to MCI or vice versa. Therefore, future longitudinal studies are necessary to clarify temporal associations and possible causality.

Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are increasingly linked to negative health outcomes, including chronic diseases and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that UPF may accelerate biological ageing, potentially explaining their harmful effects. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate associations between UPF intake categories and mortality risk, examining biological ageing's mediating and modifying effects. We used a prospective cohort design including 172,225 participants in the UK Biobank who...

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has emerged as a novel therapy approach to restore form and function in patients with severe tissue defects of the face, hand, and abdominal wall, among other anatomical regions. The composite allografts comprise different tissues such as skin, muscle, or bone. Clinical data demonstrate promising mid- and long-term outcomes following VCA surgery, but our understanding of the cellular interactions and molecular pathways in VCA surgery is oftentimes...

Obesity and aging are interrelated public health concerns, with growing prevalence, especially as global demographics shift toward an older population. This narrative review explores the mechanisms through which obesity accelerates the aging process, focusing on major aging pathways affected by obesity, including deregulated nutrient sensing, telomeres attrition, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Evidence suggests...

Epigenetic clocks based on DNA methylation provide robust biomarkers of biological age, yet the mechanistic basis and functional significance of slowing these clocks remain unclear. Progress has been limited by the lack of short-lived, genetically tractable model organisms with functional DNA methylation systems. The jewel wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, offers a unique solution. It combines a functional DNA methylation system with a short lifespan and established tools for experimental manipulation....

Aging is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction. Although possible susceptibility of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been suggested, the details of entry into cells have not been clarified. Previously, we reported that in an aged mouse model of severe COVID-19, ECs show a massive viral uptake and inflammatory response. Here, we focused on the endocytic capacity of senescent ECs. We found that the senescent ECs showed high...

As memories age, their immediate retrievability decreases albeit, due to ongoing memory consolidation, their future rate of forgetting weakens. Here, we show in two experiments (N = 1.216 participants) that mentally traveling back in time to older memories' temporal context at encoding reverses the two effects and makes the memories similar again to how they were at an earlier point in time. Mental time travel increased both the memories' immediate retrievability and their future rate of...

Age-related structural and functional deterioration of the kidneys is common among elderly individuals and contributes to increased mortality and morbidity. Mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence are two hallmarks of aging that drive a progressional renal decline; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms and endogenous regulators behind these processes remain incompletely understood. The metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids by CYP450 enzymes produces numerous bioactive lipid...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related condition characterized by progressive prostate enlargement driven in part by the accumulation of senescent epithelial cells and their pro-inflammatory secretome. Using human single-cell RNA sequencing and laser capture microdissection, we identified C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) as a key chemokine secreted by senescent prostate epithelial cells. CXCL13 recruits CD4^(+) T cells via the C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CXCR5)...

Background Minor and major neurocognitive disorders, depression, and anxiety are common in older adults. The brain and specifically the aging brain, relies heavily on oxygen and is highly sensitive to reductions in oxygen availability. Hypoxia occurs during both acute and prolonged exposure to altitude. While the negative effects of very low oxygen levels at high altitudes (above 3500 m) on cognition and symptoms of depression as well as anxiety are well-documented, we propose that moderate...

Proteins are the cornerstone of life. However, the proteomic blueprint of aging across human tissues remains uncharted. Here, we present a comprehensive proteomic and histological analysis of 516 samples from 13 human tissues spanning five decades. This dynamic atlas reveals widespread transcriptome-proteome decoupling and proteostasis decline, characterized by amyloid accumulation. Based on aging-associated protein changes, we developed tissue-specific proteomic age clocks and characterized...

Adult neurogenesis is defined as the process by which new neurons are produced from neural stem cells in the adult brain. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that regulate this process is essential for the development of effective interventions aimed at decelerating the decline of adult neurogenesis associated with ageing. Mathematical models provide a valuable tool for studying the dynamics of neural stem cells and their lineage, and have revealed alterations in these processes...

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CONCLUSIONS: Higher sleep quality was significantly associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis among older adults. These findings suggest that sleep quality may be a potentially modifiable behavioral factor related to osteoporosis risk, warranting further investigation in future longitudinal and interventional studies.

There is a need to study dementia risk factors more equitably across high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC) is doing this by bringing together cohort studies of cognitive ageing from around the world to study dementia risk factors in a truly international way. COSMIC researchers have investigated a wide range of dementia risk factors across the diverse member studies and shown that some factors...

CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that while lower levels of dementia-related fear may be linked to increased motivation for engaging in risk reduction behaviors, elevated levels of fear do not appear to support such engagement. Rather than emphasizing the negative impacts of dementia, public health strategies should empower individuals with actionable messages to engage in dementia risk reduction behaviors.