Aging & Longevity

Humans can react remarkably quickly to novel or displaced visual stimuli when time is of the essence. Such movements are thought to be initiated by a subcortical fast visuomotor network, but it is unclear how this network declines with age. Past work in the upper limb has detailed delayed reaching corrections to jumped visual stimuli in aging, but the underlying mechanisms contributing to these changes of the fast visuomotor network are poorly understood. Conversely, work in the lower limb has...

This study aimed to estimate the age, period, and cohort trends of multimorbidity among Chinese older adults from 2002 to 2022, and to explore how these three trends were affected by gender and whether or not living alone. Data were extracted from the China Longitudinal Healthy Living Survey (CLHLS) (2002-2022), and a total of 52,876 valid samples aged 65 to 105 were included. We measured 15 types of chronic diseases, and participants having two or more chronic diseases were considered to have...

Aging-associated neurodegeneration underlies various neurological diseases; however, the neurocrine basis remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of parathymosin (PTMS), a secretory protein with nuclear functions that has recently been identified as a circulating factor in the brain. The results show that loss of PTMS is sufficient to cause severe, age-dependent neurodegeneration and reduced lifespan, whereas hypothalamic PTMS gain of function counteracts aging-associated brain...

An accumulation of senescent cells within tissues is a hallmark of the aging process. Cellular senescence is associated with an increased level of cytosolic dsDNA which primarily originates from a leakage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and a loss of genomic DNA integrity. Cytosolic dsDNA is an important alarming factor for cytosolic dsDNA sensors which trigger the remodeling of the immune system through diverse signaling pathways. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes...

This two part study on the afferent connectivity of lumbar spinal motor neurons in normal ageing mice investigates; Study 1: time course analysis of age-related changes in the synaptic coverage of lumbar spinal cords of male C57BL/BJ mice at 4,15,18 and 24 months of age and Study 2: the effect of long term 8-month resistance wheel exercise (RWE) on lumbar spinal cords of male C57BL/6J mice exercised from 15 to 23 months of age. Uniquely, each study used spinal cords obtained from the same mice...

Hypertension is a leading cause of cognitive impairment, attributed to cerebrovascular insufficiency, blood-brain barrier disruption, and white matter damage. However, how hypertension affects brain cells remains unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in a mouse model of hypertension induced by angiotensin II, a peptide involved in human hypertension, we mapped neocortical transcriptomic changes before (3 days) and after (42 days) onset of neurovascular and cognitive deficits....

The reward system involved in the regulation of appetite and motivated behaviors involves mesolimbic dopamine signaling from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (Nac). Age-related loss of dopaminergic neurons and weakening of dopamine signals reportedly cause reward system dysfunction, and similarly, age-related changes in microglia in the VTA have been suggested to be involved in this dysfunction. Ninjin'yoeito (NYT), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, has been...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Older LTSS users in residential care and nursing homes have significantly lower adjusted odds of using telehealth than those living in the community. These findings underscore the importance of considering residential context when evaluating telehealth access and delivery among older adults, particularly those using LTSS.

Mammalian fully grown oocytes are believed to exhibit a weakened DNA damage response, leading to the accumulation of substantial levels of DNA damage and increased frequency of aneuploidies in an age-dependent manner. These hallmarks of reproductive ageing are generally presumed to be irreversible by rendering the oocyte chromosome complement incompatible with development. To test whether this is indeed true, we performed a series of germinal vesicle (GV) transfers between oocytes from females...

Understanding the dynamics of successful aging in India is crucial, especially in the context of a rising aging population. India, being home to one of the largest internal migrant population in the world, presents a unique context to examine how migration influences aging outcomes. This study investigates disparities in successful aging outcomes between migrant and non-migrant populations in India. Utilizing the Longitudinal Aging Study in India data (n = 23,690), it focuses on the impact of...

CONCLUSION: DHEA supplementation in aged rats mitigated cardiovascular aging by improving hemodynamic parameters, reducing myocardial injury, demoting inflammation, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and activating key protective genes. Our findings support a potential therapeutic value of DHEA in modulating age-dependent decline in cardiac functions through a possible NFκB/IL-10/Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway.

CONCLUSIONS: Adverse early life circumstances are associated with accelerated multi-system biological aging. These findings provide a foundation for identifying at-risk populations and formulating targeted interventions to decelerate biological aging.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: HGS asymmetry was associated with an increased risk of frailty, comorbidities, and mortality in subsequent years. More attention should be paid to dominant HGS asymmetry when predicting adverse health conditions and mortality.

Measuring biological age typically requires invasive and costly procedures. To address this, the MoveIt! Age Score was developed: a simple, scalable, and interpretable aging clock that predicts biological age using only wearable-derived steps data. MoveIt! Age was trained on steps data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using chronological age, maximum step count, and step count variability to predict PhenoAge, a blood biochemistry biological age...

While immune system involvement in aging is increasingly recognized, causal relationships between specific immune cell populations and biological aging indicators remain unclear. We aimed to identify immune targets influencing aging trajectories to inform future immunomodulatory interventions. We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using immunophenotype GWAS data (3,757 Sardinian participants) and aging phenotype statistics (PhenoAgeAccel: n = 107,460; BioAgeAccel: n =...

Loss of regeneration is a key feature of aging organs, often linked to stem cell exhaustion. Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) undergo age-related numerical and functional decline, contributing to reduced regenerative potential. Using low-input multi-omics, we systematically profiled the epigenome, transcriptome, and 3D genome of MuSCs from individual mice across 3 age groups (young, old, and geriatric) and both sexes. At baseline, young male MuSCs showed reduced expression of cell...

Sarcopenia, characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass and strength, is classified as "primary" (due to aging) or "secondary" (due to diseases). MicroRNA-22-3p (miR-22) regulates muscle differentiation and function. We assessed the diagnostic value of circulating miR-22 levels in patients with primary and secondary sarcopenia. miR-22 levels were evaluated in 61 older adults from the "Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty IN older people: multi-componenT Treatment strategies" (SPRINTT) study and...

CONCLUSION: Depression has a substantial negative effect on the quality of life of older adults, while death anxiety shows no significant impact. These psychological issues, particularly depression, are widespread in the older adult population, and with an aging population, addressing mental health issues is becoming increasingly crucial to ensuring the quality of life for older adults. Future studies should further explore the complex dynamics between these factors to guide effective...

Age-dependent exhaustion of endogenous stem cell pools-and the resulting decline in tissue regeneration and homeostatic maintenance-is a hallmark of organismal aging and age-related pathology. In a study published in Cell, Liu and collaborators engineered human ESC-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells to give the ability to resist senescence, environmental stress, and malignant transformation.

The liver is one of the organs most affected by alcohol consumption, and its interaction with aging is particularly significant. Chronic alcohol consumption accelerates liver aging through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired regeneration. It is still unknown whether senescent cell clearance orchestrates innate and adaptive immune responses during the alcohol-induced old liver damage process. To investigate this, we used INK-ATTAC transgenic mice treat with...