Aging & Longevity

Recent studies have shown that disruptions in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD^(+)) de novo synthesis pathway accelerate ovarian aging, yet its role in spermatogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of the NAD^(+) de novo synthesis pathway on spermatogenesis by generating Qprt-deficient mice using CRISPR-Cas9 to target quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (Qprt), a key enzyme predominantly expressed in spermatocytes. Our results revealed that the...

Although many studies have addressed the role of the amygdala in modulating long-term memory, it is not known whether weak training plus amygdala stimulation can transform a short-term memory into a remote memory. Object place recognition (OPR) memory after strong training remains hippocampus-dependent through the persistent action of protein kinase Mzeta (PKMζ) for at least 6 days, but it is unknown whether weak training plus amygdala stimulation can transform short-term memory into an even...

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results demonstrate that both TT and Bio-T enhance the expression of α-Klotho in men. The positive association observed may be partly mediated by uric acid and creatinine.

While observational studies and small pilot trials suggest that vitamin D, omega-3 and exercise may slow biological aging, larger clinical trials testing these treatments individually or in combination are lacking. Here, we report the results of a post hoc analysis among 777 participants of the DO-HEALTH trial on the effect of vitamin D (2,000 IU per day) and/or omega-3 (1 g per day) and/or a home exercise program on four next-generation DNA methylation (DNAm) measures of biological aging...

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CONCLUSION: Our results indicate the meeting of the care needs among rural older adults is influenced by the quality of their spouse, offspring, and community, with these effects diminishing later in the life cycle.

CONCLUSION: These results highlight sleep's importance for cognitive health and suggest interventions focusing on sleep and weight management to mitigate age-related cognitive decline.

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: This study highlighted the importance of regular frailty monitoring for early detection and informed future interventions that could delay frailty progression and potentially reduce dementia risk.

INTRODUCTION: Older adults undergoing surgery are at risk of postoperative neurocognitive disorders, prompting the need for preoperative cognitive screening in this population. Traditionally, cognitive screening has been conducted in-person using brief assessment tools such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) or the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). More comprehensive test batteries, such as the Uniform Data Set (UDS) Neuropsychological Battery, and its remote testing version, the...

Ageing individuals often experience cognitive decline and intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) changes. Psychological resilience, a personality trait that reflects the capacity to adapt and cope with age-related challenges, plays a key role in mitigating cognitive decline. In this study involving 101 older adults, we investigated how psychological resilience influences cognitive decline measured by processing speed. Particularly, we obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging...

Age-related differences in fluid cognition have been associated with both the merging of functional brain networks, defined from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), and with elevated cortical iron, assessed by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Limited information is available, however, regarding the depthwise profile of cortical iron and its potential relation to functional connectivity. Here, using an adult lifespan sample (n = 138; 18-80 years), we assessed...

This study investigated the effect of a medium high-fat diet (HFD)-induced maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on rat offspring to verify the hypothesis that maternal obesity and GDM cause brain pathologies and premature brain aging in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the adolescent and early adult offspring. Maternal obesity and GDM were generated by a medium HFD and HFD combined with streptozotocin, respectively. Metabolic parameters were used to confirm the...

The onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) in older individuals correlates with a higher risk of developing primary progressive MS, faster progression to secondary progressive MS, and increased disability accumulation. This phenomenon can be related to age-related changes in the immune system: with age, the immune system undergoes a process called immunosenescence, characterized by a decline in the function of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. This decline can lead to a decreased ability...

Thymic injury associated with disease or cancer treatment reduces T cell production and makes patients more vulnerable to infections and cancers. Here, we examined the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells on thymic regeneration. Treg cell frequencies increased in the thymus in various acute injury models. Depletion of Treg cells impaired thymic regeneration, impacting both the thymocyte compartment and the stromal cell compartment; adoptive transfer of Treg cells enhanced regeneration. Expansion of...

Because children have little temporal exposure to environment and aging, most pediatric neurological diseases are inherent, i.e. genetic. Since postnatal neurons and astrocytes are mostly non-replicating, gene therapy and genome editing present enormous promise in child neurology. Unlike in other organs, which are highly permissive to adeno-associated viruses (AAV), the mature blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly limits circulating AAV distribution to the brain. Intrathecal administration improves...

Structural and functional changes in the entorhinal cortex (EC) are among the earliest signs of cognitive aging. Here, we ask whether a compromised cholinergic system influences early EC impairments and plays a primary role in EC cognition. We evaluated the relationship between loss of integrity of cholinergic inputs to the EC and cognitive deficits in otherwise healthy humans and mice. Using in vivo imaging (PET/MRI) in older humans and high-resolution imaging in wild-type mice and mice with...

CONCLUSION: Significant differences in autophagy activity were identified between young and aged DSS-induced mice. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of autophagy inhibition in elderly UC patients.

More complex occupations during adulthood may be associated with better cognition in later life. We used data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) to investigate the association between occupational complexity and cognitive function. Using a regression-based approach, participants were classified as cognitively impaired or not. Occupation was categorized into four levels using the 2008 International Standard of Classification of...

Chronological age is an imperfect estimate of molecular aging. Epigenetic age, derived from DNA methylation data, provides a more nuanced representation of aging-related biological processes. We examine the bidirectional relationship between epigenetic age and brain health events (stroke, dementia, late-life depression) using data from 4,018 participants. Participants with a prior brain health event are 4% epigenetically older (β = 0.04, SE = 0.01), indicating these conditions are associated...

CONCLUSIONS: These results underscore the importance of addressing sarcopenia and related risk factors, including malnutrition, in the management and prevention of severe falls in the elderly population. Body composition analyzed in CT-scans could add value in this risk assessment. This analysis could be conducted opportunistically during CT scans performed for other purposes.