Aging & Longevity

CD25KO mice are a model of Sjögren disease. CD25KO mice have severe inflammation and infiltrating lymphocytes to the lacrimal glands (LG). Whether the pathogenicity of CD25KO CD4^(+) T cells can be controlled in vivo by Tregs is unknown. Eight-week-old B6 and CD25KO mice LGs were submitted for RNA bulk sequencing. A total of 3481 genes were differentially expressed in CD25KO LG compared to B6. Tear washing analysis identified CD25KO mice had elevated protein levels of TNF, IFN-γ, and CCL5 and...

CONCLUSIONS: This study initially elucidates that PCBP2 as an intrinsic aging factor regulates the replicative senescence of hBMSCs through the ROS-FGF2 signaling axis.

Aging disrupts immune regulation, affecting tissue function and increasing vulnerability to various diseases. However, the effects of aging on immune cells within human testes are not well understood. In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to profile immune cells from 33 human testis samples from individuals aged 21 to 69. Our analysis revealed key immune cell types, including CD8^(+) T cells, monocytes, cDC2 cells, and various macrophage subtypes within the testes. We observed an...

Although the phenomena underlying cognitive decline and dementia are complex, there is growing evidence suggesting that degraded sensory inputs caused by age-related hearing loss may play a central role in accelerating cognitive decline in older individuals. Further supporting this notion is evidence that hearing augmentation with hearing aids can mitigate hearing loss-related cognitive impairments. Despite this evidence, few studies have attempted to investigate hearing aid efficacy with a...

CONCLUSION: Apigenin upregulates EIF6 expression and mitigates H2O2-induced chondrocyte senescence, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for KOA. These findings provide insights into the nutritional health benefits of Apigenin and its implications for KOA treatment.

The aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) substantially alters their characteristics. Mitochondria, essential for cellular metabolism, play a crucial role, and their dysfunction is a hallmark of aging-induced changes. The impact of mitochondrial mass on aged HSCs remains incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that HSCs with high mitochondrial mass during aging are not merely cells that have accumulated damaged mitochondria and become exhausted. In addition, these HSCs retain a high...

Epigenetic aging clocks represent contemporary aging biomarkers that predict age using methylomic data. These models can be categorized as first-generation clocks that estimate chronological age or next-generation clocks that are designed to associate with health, lifestyle, and/or outcomes. Recently, we created a next-generation buccal clock called CheekAge that associates with all-cause mortality risk in older adults. To better understand our model, we collated 25 Infinium MethylationEPIC...

Biological age is an important measure of aging that reflects an individual's physical health and is linked to various diseases. Current prediction models are still limited in precision, and the risk factors for accelerated aging remain underexplored. Therefore, we aimed to develop a precise biological age and assess the impact of socio-demographic and behavioral patterns on the aging process.We utilized Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to construct biological age from participants with physical...

Ageing is associated with a range of chronic diseases and has diverse hallmarks. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in ageing, and mouse-models with artificially enhanced mitochondrial DNA mutation rates show accelerated ageing. A scarcely studied aspect of ageing, because it is invisible in aggregate analyses, is the accumulation of somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations which are unique to single cells (cryptic mutations). We find evidence of cryptic mitochondrial DNA mutations from diverse...

CONCLUSION: This study provided real-world empirical cost estimates of AD burden in Malaysia. Informal care is a significant contributor to the societal cost of AD. Optimal healthcare resource allocation is essential in the decision making of healthcare stakeholders to address rising demands.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (NADK) is essential to the generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(H)), an important metabolic coupling factor involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In the present study, we showed that the expression of Nadk and Nadk2 transcripts and NADP(H) content were lower in islets of 80-week-old (aged) mice than those of 8-week-old (young) mice. This was associated with diminished oral glucose tolerance of old mice and the...

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This study investigates the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and longitudinal cognitive decline in older adults. Using data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), we examined WMH characteristics, including volume, location, and microstructural integrity, in a community-dwelling population of 497 individuals over a six-year period. WMHs were categorised into phenotypes based on their size, fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD), with subtypes...

CONCLUSION: Body Roundness Index, in conjunction with age, gender, and hypertension, can serve as a useful predictor of cognitive impairment, particularly in younger populations. Early identification of individuals at risk through BRI may facilitate timely interventions, reducing the burden of cognitive decline on patients and healthcare systems.

CONCLUSION: In contrast to straight walk metrics, this study shows that DTWT turn dynamics are more sensitive to detect cognitive impairment. Consequently, incorporating turning movements into gait analysis techniques could enhance diagnostic protocols in clinical settings, offering a valuable tool for monitoring the progression of conditions associated with cognitive aging.

CONCLUSION: With rich detail arising from intra-task quantification, the results were consistent with and additive to previous literature showcasing that compared to middle-aged adults, young adults showed performance suggestive of riskier driving behavior, and old adults showed performance suggestive of caution consequent to declining driving ability. In particular, the intra-task quantification revealed that the driving of young adults was more impacted by the presence of distraction (e.g.,...

Astrocytes are neuromodulator cells. Their complex and dynamic morphology regulates neuronal signaling, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. The impact of aging on astrocyte morphology is still under ongoing debate. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize astrocyte morphology in the hippocampus of older rats. 2-, 18-, and 20-month-old male Wistar rats were submitted to the object recognition test to assess their short- and long-term memories. CA1, CA2, CA3, and the dentate gyrus were...

Genomic instability and inflammation are distinct hallmarks of aging, but the connection between them is poorly understood. Here we report a mechanism directly linking genomic instability and inflammation in senescent cells through a mitochondria-regulated molecular circuit involving p53 and cytoplasmic chromatin fragments (CCF) that are enriched for DNA damage signaling marker γH2A.X. We show that p53 suppresses CCF accumulation and its downstream inflammatory phenotype. p53 activation...

In the subterranean rodent (Nanno)spalax galili, evolutionary adaptation to hypoxia is correlated with longevity and tumor resistance. Adapted gene-regulatory networks of Spalax might pinpoint strategies to maintain health in humans. Comparing liver, kidney and spleen transcriptome data from Spalax and rat at hypoxia and normoxia, we identified differentially expressed gene pathways common to multiple organs in both species. Body-wide interspecies differences affected processes like cell death,...

Haematopoietic stem cells maintain blood production throughout life¹. Although extensively characterized using the laboratory mouse, little is known about clonal selection and population dynamics of the haematopoietic stem cell pool during murine ageing. We isolated stem cells and progenitors from young and old mice, identifying 221,890 somatic mutations genome-wide in 1,845 single-cell-derived colonies. Mouse stem cells and progenitors accrue approximately 45 somatic mutations per year, a rate...