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Somatic differences in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been observed with aging and between brain regions for mutations, structural variation, and abundance, which are represented by single nucleotide variants (SNVs), large deletions, and copy number, respectively. We used bioinformatic methods to interrogate mtDNA changes and their relation to cortical and cerebellar aging using whole genome sequencing data from the North American Brain Expression Consortium. This dataset contained 292 unpaired...

CONCLUSION: OOT may potentially contribute to healthy aging by modulating redox adaptability. Its theoretical effectiveness is dose-dependent, with maximal benefit in aged or dysfunctional systems requiring reactivation of flexible stress responses. However, while the model offers insights into possible dynamic behaviours of the redox-inflammatory axis under ozone exposure, it is not yet calibrated to biological data and cannot predict real-world outcomes without further experimental support.

In their cross-sectional study, Sun et al. (Aging Clin Exp Res. 2025) provide valuable evidence that the coexistence of high body fat and low muscle mass is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). While their work importantly identifies this "sarcopenic obesity" phenotype as a risk factor, our letter offers a critical appraisal to guide future research. We argue that the sole reliance on DXA-derived areal BMD is a significant...

CONCLUSION: This study highlighted that WHtR was more strongly associated with FI than BMI, BRI, and WHT·5R, and highlighted the priority of waist-centered obesity measures in frailty risk assessment and clinical intervention in the elderly.

With the aging of global populations, understanding the role of the cerebellum in aging is crucial. However, existing studies primarily focus on structural and functional changes, leaving the topological properties of cerebellar functional networks in aging unclear. Here, we explored the aging effects on the topological organization of cerebellar functional networks and investigated the relationship between these changes and cognitive function. The results revealed that, compared with young...

CONCLUSIONS: Government-issued policies to promote the utilization of HCBSs by vulnerable older adults have achieved certain results. Middle-income older adults are more likely than those with higher incomes to use HCBSs. However, there is still inequity in service utilization, with low-income older adults showing less service utilization, which requires further government intervention. We propose recommendations for future policy improvements.

CONCLUSION: Distinct domain-specific PF trends were noted among Taiwanese community-dwelling older adults, with maintenance of strength and agility but progressive declines in endurance and flexibility. Sustained engagement in community-based, multicomponent exercise programs may mitigate age-related decline and support healthy aging in later life.

Discovery of new compounds that ameliorate the negative health impacts of aging promises to be of tremendous benefit across a number of age-based comorbidities. One method to prioritize a testable subset of the nearly infinite universe of potential compounds is to use computational prediction of their likely anti-aging capacity. Here, we present a survey of longevity effects for 16 compounds suggested by a previously published computational prediction set, capitalizing upon the comprehensive,...

Findings from ancient DNA may shed light on HPV’s history in our species

After series of bleak findings, theory sparks hope for alternative energy source within Jupiter’s intriguing moon

Agency may be expanding list of pathogens subject to dangerous “gain-of-function” regulations

Natural selection was at work—but only in populations with no alternative to dairy

Bold concept calls for sending telescopes 10 times farther than Pluto

“Photoluminescence” may be a way for the animals to communicate with each other

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are emerging as a targeted therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD), offering precise delivery of disease modifying agents with reduced systemic toxicity. By linking monoclonal antibodies to small-molecule payloads, ADCs hold promise in overcoming key challenges in AD treatment, including poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and off-target effects. This review provides a critical synthesis of ADC strategies in neurodegeneration, with emphasis on...

Olfactory impairment is an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, currently used olfactory task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and electroencephalogram features are not powerful enough to detect the impairment. To address this issue, we propose an explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) framework that comprises discriminant analysis/naive Bayes/thresholding classifiers driven by the sample entropy (SE) of...

Neuronal hyperexcitability-defined as increased likelihood of action potential firing in response to stimuli-has emerged as a key pathophysiological feature in both normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review synthesizes current evidence across species and models, evaluating the prevalence, mechanisms, and consequences of heightened excitability at the cellular and network levels. We examine electrophysiological and imaging-based indicators of hyperexcitability, including enhanced...

Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit remarkable adaptability within the tumour microenvironment (TME), where dynamic shifts in phenotype, function and metabolism govern their dual roles in antitumour immunity and tumour immune evasion. In the TME, NK cells undergo receptor remodelling, which is characterised by upregulated inhibitory signals and suppressed activating receptors, leading to the formation of dysfunctional subsets, such as exhausted TIM-3⁺ NK cells or tissue-resident CD49a⁺...