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Primary human hepatocyte (PHH)-derived organoids form grape-like clusters with proliferative capacity, hepatocyte functionality, and multipolar polarity, serving as valuable models for liver biology and therapeutics. However, deriving comparable organoids from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remains difficult. Here, we established a defined system to differentiate hESC-derived hepatoblast organoids into hepatocyte organoids (heporgs) with two morphologies: spheroid-like (S-heporgs) and...

As climate warming accelerates, shifts in plant phenology are reshaping the functioning and stability of terrestrial ecosystems. While the roles of climatic drivers in shaping phenological responses to warming are well established, the influence of intrinsic plant functional traits remains poorly understood. Here, we combine two complementary approaches through a meta-analysis of 124 field warming experiments and an analysis of long-term phenological monitoring networks (CPON and USA‑NPN) to...

Calcium signalling in astrocytes is a fundamental mechanism for maintaining brain homeostasis, shaping neuronal activity, and coordinating vascular and immune responses. Once considered secondary to neuronal signalling, astrocytic Ca^(2+) dynamics are now recognized as highly versatile, spatially compartmentalized and essential for regulating neurotransmitter uptake, ion buffering, metabolic support and mitochondrial function. Accumulating evidence shows that these Ca^(2+) signalling pathways...

The New England Centenarian Study (NECS) provides a unique resource for the study of extreme human longevity (EL). To gain insight into biological pathways related to EL, chronological age and survival, we used an untargeted serum metabolomic approach (> 1400 metabolites) in 213 NECS participants, followed by integration of our findings with metabolomic data from four additional studies. Compared to their offspring and matched controls, EL individuals exhibited a distinct metabolic profile...

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CONCLUSION: This study will synthesize evidence from multiple studies on various electrical stimulation therapies for improving cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment, thereby providing a diverse body of evidence to support clinical decision-making by physicians and optimization of treatment strategies for patients.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00134.].

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00066.].

Endometriosis is a benign yet invasive disease characterized by ectopic endometrial growth and immune remodeling. While emerging evidence implicates cellular senescence in disease progression, the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. In this study, we identified marked heterogeneity in senescence across ectopic lesions and observed that P21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) was consistently upregulated in senescent cells. Mechanistically, senescence induced PAK4 expression, which in turn...

Researchers find evidence that duikers, hunted and eaten across sub-Saharan Africa, can harbor the deadly virus

Researchers still aren’t sure how H5N1 influenza spreads between cows and from farm to farm

Eruptions could be triggered when bubbles vanish into magma—not when they burst out