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Human foragers avoid noncommunicable diseases that are leading causes of mortality, partly because physically active lifestyles promote healthy aging. High activity levels also promote tissue damage accumulation from wear-and-tear, increase risk of injury and disability which compromise productivity, and reduce energetic investments in somatic maintenance given constrained energy expenditure. Constraints intensify when nutrient supply is limited and surplus energy is directed toward pathogen...

Cell growth and gene expression are heterogeneous processes at the single-cell level, leading to the emergence of multiple physiological states within bacterial populations. Aging is a known deterministic driver of growth asymmetry; however, its role in gene expression heterogeneity remains elusive. Here, we show that aging mother cells undergo a progressive decline in old pole activity, generating asymmetry in protein partitioning, gene expression, and cell morphology. We demonstrate that...

Redox-mediated posttranslational modification, as exemplified by protein S-nitrosylation, modulates protein activity and function in both health and disease. Here, we review recent findings that show how normal aging, infection/inflammation, trauma, environmental toxins, and diseases associated with protein aggregation can each trigger excessive nitrosative stress, resulting in aberrant protein S-nitrosylation and hence dysfunctional protein networks. These redox reactions contribute to the...

Ageing is a major risk factor for various chronic diseases and offers a potential target for developing novel and broadly effective preventatives or therapeutics for age-related conditions, including those affecting the brain. Mechanisms contributing to ageing have been summarized as the hallmarks of ageing, with iron imbalance being one of the major factors. Ferroptosis, an iron-mediated lipid peroxidation-induced programmed cell death, has recently been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases...

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a fundamental biological process involved in embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer progression. In lung cancer, EMT is a key regulator of invasion and metastasis, significantly contributing to the fatal progression of the disease. Age-related factors such as cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and epigenetic alterations exacerbate EMT, accelerating lung cancer development in the elderly. This review describes the complex mechanism...

A link between epigenetics and metabolism was initially recognized because the cellular metabolic state is communicated to the genome through the concentration of intermediary metabolites that are cofactors of chromatin-modifying enzymes. Recently, an additional interaction was postulated due to the capacity of the epigenome to store substantial amounts of metabolites that could become available again to cellular metabolite pools. Here, we focus on histone acetylation and review recent evidence...

CONCLUSION: We advocate for incorporating social support measures into standard care for older adults to mitigate the effects of loneliness on disability. This letter suggests future research directions, including exploring the causal pathways between loneliness and disability and developing culturally appropriate interventions.

The energy industry has taken notice of zinc-iodine (Zn-I(2)) batteries for their high safety, low cost, and attractive energy density. However, the shuttling of I(3)^(-) by-products at cathode electrode and dendrite issues at Zn metal anode result in short cycle lifespan. Here, a tripartite synergistic optimization strategy is proposed, involving a MXene cathode host, a n-butanol electrolyte additive, and the in-situ solid electrolyte interface (SEI) protection. The MXene possesses catalytic...

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Fibronectin type III domain-containing (FNDC) proteins play critical roles in cellular homeostasis and cardiac injury, and our recent findings define FNDC5 as a promising cardioprotectant against doxorubicin- and aging-related cardiac injury. FNDC4 displays a high homology with FNDC5; however, its role and mechanism in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remain elusive. Here, we show that cardiac and plasma FNDC4 levels are elevated during I/R injury in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α...

CONCLUSION: In older Chinese people, a low-waisted and high-hip circumference body figure is favorable for cognitive function in older people. It also found a significant association between AVI and cognitive impairment. The joint analysis of BMI and HC suggests that maintaining a normal or higher BMI with a higher HC may be more conducive to maintaining good cognitive function.

The low resolution of spatial transcriptomics data necessitates additional information for optimal use. We developed scDOT, which combines spatial transcriptomics and single cell RNA sequencing to improve the ability to reconstruct single cell resolved spatial maps and identify senescent cells. scDOT integrates optimal transport and expression deconvolution to learn non-linear couplings between cells and spots and to infer cell placements. Application of scDOT to lung spatial transcriptomics...

Behaviors reveal sophisticated tool use—and possible “pranking”—among pachyderms

Trade sanctions and budget woes delay new x-ray sources and neutron beams

When nutrients get scarce, some of these organelles specialize in producing energy whereas others turn to manufacturing