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United States and China renew science pact despite rising tensions
New agreement clarifies rules on data sharing and how to resolve disputes
Common virus may help protect skin against Sun damage
Beta human papillomavirus helps the immune system target mutated skin cells, a “provocative” mouse and human study suggests
From onset to advancement: the temporal spectrum of α-synuclein in synucleinopathies
This review provides an in-depth analysis of the complex role of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in the development of α-synucleinopathies, with a particular focus on its structural diversity and the resulting clinical variability. The ability of α-Syn to form different strains or polymorphs and undergo various post-translational modifications significantly contributes to the wide range of symptoms observed in disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple...
African ancestry neurodegeneration risk variant disrupts an intronic branchpoint in GBA1
Recently, an African ancestry-specific Parkinson disease (PD) risk signal was identified at the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase (GBA1). This variant ( rs3115534 -G) is carried by ~50% of West African PD cases and imparts a dose-dependent increase in risk for disease. The risk variant has varied frequencies across African ancestry groups but is almost absent in European and Asian ancestry populations. GBA1 is a gene of high clinical and therapeutic interest. Damaging biallelic protein-coding...
Rubicon regulates exosome secretion via the non-autophagic pathway
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have the diameter of 50-150 nm and originate from intralumenal vesicles in multivesicular endosomes (MVBs). Exosomes secreted from donor cells are delivered to recipient cells for transferring of exosome cargos, such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The cargo transfer by exosomes has a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication for many cellular processes; however, the detailed mechanism remains largely elusive. In our recent study, we...
Pressure aging: An effective process to liberate the power of high-pressure materials research
High pressure can create extreme conditions that enable the formation of novel materials and the discovery of new phenomena. However, the ability to preserve the desirable characteristics of materials obtained under high pressure has remained an elusive challenge, as the pressure-induced changes are typically reversible, except for the pressure-induced chemical reactions such as polymerization of hydrocarbons. Here, we propose the concept of "pressure aging" (PA) that enables the permanent...
Downregulation of the NF-kappaB protein p65 is a shared phenotype among most anti-aging interventions
Many aspects of inflammation increase with aging in mice and humans. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that many murine anti-aging interventions produce lower levels of pro-inflammatory proteins. Here, we explore the hypothesis that different longevity interventions diminish NF-κB levels, potentially mediating some of the anti-inflammatory benefits of lifespan-extending interventions. We found that the NF-κB protein p65 is significantly downregulated in the liver of several kinds of slow-aging...
Associations of combined accelerated biological aging and genetic susceptibility with incidence of heart failure in a population-based cohort study
The global aging population raises concerns about heart failure (HF), yet its association with accelerated biological age (BA) remains inadequately understood. We aimed to examine the longitudinal association between BA acceleration and incident HF risk, assess its modifying effect on genetic susceptibility, and how much BA acceleration mediates the impact of modifiable health behaviors on incident HF. We analyzed 274,608 UK Biobank participants without HF at baseline. Two BA accelerations...
Association of metabolomic aging acceleration and body mass index phenotypes with mortality and obesity-related morbidities
This study aims to investigate the association between metabolomic aging acceleration and body mass index (BMI) phenotypes with mortality and obesity-related morbidities (ORMs). 85,458 participants were included from the UK Biobank. Metabolomic age was determined using 168 metabolites. The Chronological Age-Adjusted Gap was used to define metabolomically younger (MY) or older (MO) status. BMI categories were defined as normal weight, overweight, and obese. Participants were categorized into MY...
Urolithin A and nicotinamide riboside differentially regulate innate immune defenses and metabolism in human microglial cells
INTRODUCTION: During aging, many cellular processes, such as autophagic clearance, DNA repair, mitochondrial health, metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, and immunological responses, become compromised. Urolithin A (UA) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) are two naturally occurring compounds known for their anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial protective properties, yet the effects of these natural substances on microglia cells have not been thoroughly investigated. As both UA...
A study of the correlation between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in older individuals over 60 years: cross-sectional and longitudinal validation
CONCLUSION: There is a correlation between sarcopenia and cognitive function, individuals with sarcopenia performing poorly in overall cognition as well as refined dimensions. The degree of cognition like fluency degenerates over time with increasing severity of sarcopenia.
Daily briefing: How AI is decoding the calls of the wild
<b>Neanderthals and humans interbred more recently than scientists thought</b>
How a biochemistry department used redacted job applications to achieve gender parity
Mars rover makes epic climb to explore some of the oldest rocks in the Solar System
Earliest modern human genomes constrain timing of Neanderthal admixture
Author Correction: Early-childhood linear growth faltering in low- and middle-income countries
In good hands: A case for improving robotic dexterity
Science, Volume 386, Issue 6727, December 2024.