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The confinement of macromolecules has profound implications for cellular biochemistry. It generates environments with specific physical properties affecting diffusion, macromolecular crowding, and reaction rates. Yet, it remains unknown how intracellular density distributions emerge and affect cellular physiology. Here, we show that the nucleus is less dense than the cytoplasm and that living systems establish a conserved density ratio between these compartments due to a pressure balance across...

A new DNA methylation biomarker, Dunedin Pace of Aging Calculated from the Epigenome (DunedinPACE), is associated with healthy lifespan in several European ancestry cohorts. Few studies have examined the relation between dietary quality and DunedinPACE in African American and White adults with longitudinal assessments. To assess the relationship between diet quality and DunedinPACE, we used longitudinal data from African American and White 30-64 year old adults living above and below poverty....

Episodic memory, the ability to recall past events, is particularly vulnerable to ageing. A decline in episodic memory performance is generally considered part of ageing. However, the episodic memory performance of superagers -defined as individuals aged 80+ years old with episodic memory of people 30 years younger- is superior to that typical of their chronological age. The aim of this study was to determine whether the discrepancy between the superager's episodic memory and chronological age...

Rocks exhibit astonishing time-dependent mechanical properties, like memory of experienced stress or slow dynamics, a transient recovery of stiffness after a softening induced by almost any type of loading. This softening and transient recovery is observed in the subsurface and in buildings after earthquakes, or in laboratory samples. Here, we investigate the anisotropy of nonlinear elastic effects in a sandstone sample under uniaxial loading. We report that slow dynamics is observed...

The protein α-synuclein, encoded by SNCA, accumulates in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies for reasons that remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether SNCA is regulated in vivo by the RNA-binding protein PUM1. We establish that PUM1 binds to SNCA's 3' UTR in mouse and human cells. In induced neurons from patients with SNCA locus triplication, PUM1 mRNA levels are lower than in healthy controls, but increasing PUM1 normalizes both SNCA mRNA and α-synuclein protein levels,...

Transition metals and their isotopes are promising paleo-productivity proxies, but their utility depends on understanding their cycling between sediment and seawater. Using nickel (Ni) as an example, we show how manganese (Mn) minerals control its isotopic composition in oxic marine sediments. By analysing synthetic and natural samples, and simulating sediment diagenesis, we find that most Ni isotope variability in modern Mn-rich sediments is driven by the relative contribution of two bonding...

Aging is associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative conditions, including degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), a leading cause of neurological disability in older adults. Asymptomatic spinal cord compression (ASCC) represents a potential precursor to DCM, characterized by spinal cord compression in individuals without overt clinical symptoms. Early identification and quantification of ASCC are critical for preventing age-related neurological decline. However, a standardized...

CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes and cancer were both associated with an increased frailty prevalence; however, only older adults with diabetes or cooccurring diabetes and cancer had an increased 9-year incidence of frailty relative to older adults without a history of either condition. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms driving frailty state transitions among chronic disease populations and evaluate targeted interventions to mitigate frailty progression.

CONCLUSION: This study contributes valuable evidence supporting psychosocial interventions for active aging. To advance this field, further research should focus on the long-term impact, cultural adaptability, and multimodal strategies that comprehensively address physical, cognitive, and social domains.

Transcriptome analysis has become increasingly utilized in aging research. However, the identification of the key molecular changes underlying aging processes and longevity-promoting regimens from transcriptome data remains challenging. Here, we present Transcriptomic CLassification via Adaptive learning of Signature States (T-CLASS), an online tool that identifies, from transcriptome data, gene sets of several hundred genes that provide an optimal representation of longevity and aging...

Many topics on Bhattacharya’s list are familiar, but order to re-evaluate grants draws concerns

Possible lungfish tracks could push back animal migration onto land by 10 million years

In simulations, AI-generated users of stripped-down social media without content algorithms still split into polarized echo chambers

One technique was practiced significantly earlier than some researchers believe