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The alarmingly high prevalence of obesity in older adults coupled with the negative health effects of chronic inflammation in both obesity and aging highlight the importance of studies investigating the impacts of obesity on age-related inflammation. Since shifts in peripheral T-cell metabolism and function drive systemic inflammation in both obesity and aging, we hypothesize that obesity impacts the Th17-dominated inflammaging profile we identified in lean subjects and thus modifies the...

CONCLUSION: We did not observe a meaningful association between depressive symptoms and obesity phenotypes. Also, other than malnutrition or its risk, various severities of depressive symptoms correlate with different sociodemographic and medical risk factors among male and female senior citizens.

Fatty acid oxidation is of uncertain importance in most stem cells. We show by ^(14)C-palmitate tracing and metabolomic analysis that hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) engage in long-chain fatty acid oxidation that depends upon carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADHA) enzymes. CPT1a or HADHA deficiency had little or no effect on HSPCs or hematopoiesis in young adult mice. Young HSPCs had the plasticity to oxidize other substrates, including...

CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep quality is associated with increased likelihood of probable sarcopenia in older adults. This finding highlights the importance of addressing sleep quality in interventions aimed at preventing sarcopenia and promoting healthy aging.

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This special issue of the Journal of Experimental Gerontology explores the dynamic interplay between microbiomes and aging-related conditions. The four selected studies highlight the role of microbiota in Alzheimer's disease, cancer immunotherapy, myocardial infarction and tryptophan metabolism, providing insights into how microbiomes influence health and disease in aging. These studies underscore the potential for microbiome-targeted interventions to mitigate aging-related disorders and improve...

CONCLUSIONS: Fewer functional teeth were associated with low physical function in older adults. Our results emphasize the importance of maintaining adequate functional teeth to preserve physical function in community-dwelling older adults.

CONCLUSION: Tailored fall prevention approaches and involving patient and family in fall prevention through increasing awareness, in addition to integration with the local intervention setting, appear to play a role in impacting the effectiveness of fall prevention interventions. These theories should be considered in the design of future fall prevention programs and trials and require further evaluation in high quality trials.

Organ function declines with age, and large-scale transcriptomic analyses have highlighted differential aging trajectories across tissues. The mechanism underlying shared and organ-selective functional changes across the lifespan, however, still remains poorly understood. Given the central role of mitochondria in powering cellular processes needed to maintain tissue health, we therefore undertook a systematic assessment of respiratory activity across 33 different tissues in young (2.5 months)...

Measuring mitochondrial respiration in frozen tissue samples provides the first comprehensive atlas of how aging affects mitochondrial function in mice.

The aging population faces a gradual decline in physical and mental capacities, with an increased risk of liver cirrhosis and chronic liver diseases leading to hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The intertwining of physiological manifestations of aging with the pathophysiology of HE significantly impairs cognitive ability, reduces quality of life, and increases mortality. Hence, effective therapeutic intervention is imperative. The present study investigated the impact of minimal HE (MHE) on cognitive...

Cardiomyocyte senescence plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of age-related cardiovascular disease. Senescent cells with impaired contractility, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypertrophic growth accumulate in the heart during aging, contributing to cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Mitochondrial dynamics is altered in aging cells, leading to changes in their function and morphology. Such rearrangements can affect the spatially restricted region of the mitochondrial membrane that...

We fit ongoing 40+-year mark-recapture databases from the thriving southern right whale (SRW), Eubalaena australis, and highly endangered North Atlantic right whale (NARW), Eubalaena glacialis, to candidate survival models to estimate their life spans. Median life span for SRW was 73.4 years, with 10% of individuals surviving past 131.8 years. NARW life spans were likely anthropogenically shortened, with a median life span of just 22.3 years, and 10% of individuals living past 47.2 years. In the...

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that community-based physical and social activity interventions targeting frailty may be acceptable, feasible and useful. Further work is needed to investigate the impact of such programmes on health and service utilisation. Efforts should be targeted at improving the potential for long-term sustainability of programmes and their impacts.

CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive assessment of the differentials in disease burden among older persons across age, sex and states of India, and the gaps identified in the service utilisation data capture by age and sex for the older persons in the national health programs can provide crucial inputs for strengthening the on-going public health policy and programmatic efforts aimed at improving the health and well-being of the growing older population in India.

The coenzyme NAD^(+) is consumed by signalling enzymes, including poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases (PARPs) and sirtuins. Ageing is associated with a decrease in cellular NAD^(+) levels, but how cells cope with persistently decreased NAD^(+) concentrations is unclear. Here, we show that subcellular NAD^(+) pools are interconnected, with mitochondria acting as a rheostat to maintain NAD^(+) levels upon excessive consumption. To evoke chronic, compartment-specific overconsumption of NAD^(+), we...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer valuable diagnostic and prognostic insights for cardiovascular (CV) diseases, but the influence of age-related chronic inflammation ("inflammaging") and sex differences on EV profiles linked to CV risk remains unclear. This study aimed to use EV profiling to predict age and stratify patients by CV risk. We developed an EVaging index by analyzing surface antigen profiles of serum EVs from 625 participants, aged 20 to 94 years, across varying CV risk groups. The...

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The development of anti-aging drugs is challenged by both the apparent complexity of the physiological mechanisms involved in aging and the likelihood that many of these mechanisms remain unknown. As a consequence, the development of anti-aging compounds based on the rational targeting of specific pathways has fallen short of the goal. To date, the most impressive compound is rapamycin, a natural bacterial product initially identified as an antifungal, and only subsequently discovered to have...

Cell death and related signaling pathways are essential during development and in various physiological and pathological conditions. Post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation play an important role in these signaling pathways. The involvement of kinases - enzymes that catalyze protein phosphorylation - in cell death signaling has been extensively studied. On the other hand, not many studies have been devoted to analyzing the role in cell death of phosphatases,...