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Environmental and societal consequences of winter ice loss from lakes

2 months 2 weeks ago
Science, Volume 386, Issue 6718, October 2024.
Stephanie E. Hampton, Stephen M. Powers, Hilary A. Dugan, Lesley B. Knoll, Bailey C. McMeans, Michael F. Meyer, Catherine M. O’Reilly, Ted Ozersky, Sapna Sharma, David C. Barrett, Sudeep Chandra, Joachim Jansen, Ryan P. McClure, Milla Rautio, Gesa A…

Uncovering mediational pathways behind racial and socioeconomic disparities in brain volumes: insights from the UK Biobank study

2 months 2 weeks ago
Mediation pathways explaining racial/ethnic and socioeconomic (SES) disparities in structural MRI markers of brain health remain underexplored. We examined racial/ethnic and SES disparities in sMRI markers and tested total, direct, and indirect effects through lifestyle, health-related, and cognition factors using a structural equations modeling approach among 36,184 UK Biobank participants aged 40-70 years at baseline assessment (47% men). Race (non-White vs. White) and lower SES-predicted...
May A Beydoun

Small molecule modulators of alpha-synuclein aggregation and toxicity: Pioneering an emerging arsenal against Parkinson's disease

2 months 2 weeks ago
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain and accumulation of aggregated forms of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), an intrinsically disordered protein, in the form of Lewy Bodies and Lewy Neurites. Substantial evidences point to the aggregated/fibrillar forms of α-Syn as a central event in PD pathogenesis, underscoring the modulation of α-Syn aggregation as a promising strategy for PD treatment....
Ishfaq Ahmad Ahanger

Serotonin in depression and Alzheimer's disease: Focus on SSRI's beneficial effects

2 months 2 weeks ago
Depression is a complex and pervasive mental health disorder affecting millions globally. Serotonin, a critical neurotransmitter, plays a central role in the pathophysiology of depression. This review explores serotonin's multifaceted role in depression, focusing on its synthesis, bioavailability, receptor interactions, and the impact of various factors, including diet, stress, and gender differences. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of serotonin's role in depression by...
Jihane Tahiri

Biotics as novel therapeutics in targeting signs of skin ageing via the gut-skin axis

2 months 2 weeks ago
Skin ageing is a phenomenon resulting from the aggregative changes to skin structure and function and is clinically manifested by physical features such as wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, elastosis, telangiectasia, and deterioration of skin barrier integrity. One of the main drivers of skin ageing, UV radiation, negatively influences the homeostasis of cells and tissues comprising the skin by triggering production of immune-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as...
Jasmine F Millman

Spatial learning and memory impairment at the post-follicular depletion state is associated with reduced hippocampal glucose uptake

2 months 2 weeks ago
The menopausal transition is a complex neuroendocrine aging process affecting brain structure and metabolic function. Such changes are consistent with neurological sequelae noted following the menopausal transition, including cognitive deficits. Although studies in rodent models of the menopause revealed changes in learning and memory, little is known about the structural and metabolic changes in the brain regions serving the cognitive function in these models. The administration...
Nur Zuliani Ramli

DNA methylation drives hematopoietic stem cell aging phenotypes after proliferative stress

2 months 2 weeks ago
Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is implicated in various aging phenotypes, including immune dysfunction, anemia, and malignancies. The role of HSC proliferation in driving these aging phenotypes, particularly under stress conditions, remains unclear. Therefore, we induced forced replications of HSCs in vivo by a cyclical treatment with low-dose fluorouracil (5FU) and examined the impact on HSC aging. Our findings show that proliferative stress induces several aging phenotypes, including...
Hagai Yanai

Natural variation in age-related dopamine neuron degeneration is glutathione dependent and linked to life span

2 months 2 weeks ago
Aging is the biggest risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that age-related changes in the brain promote dopamine neuron vulnerability. It is unclear, however, whether aging alone is sufficient to cause significant dopamine neuron loss, and if so, how this intersects with PD-related neurodegeneration. Here, through examining a large collection of naturally varying Drosophila strains, we find a strong relationship between life span and age-related dopamine neuron loss. Strains with...
Colin R Coleman

High-throughput screening for small-molecule stabilizers of misfolded glucocerebrosidase in Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease

2 months 2 weeks ago
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase) is implicated in both a rare, monogenic disorder (Gaucher disease, GD) and a common, multifactorial condition (Parkinson's disease, PD); hence, it is an urgent therapeutic target. To identify correctors of severe protein misfolding and trafficking obstruction manifested by the pathogenic L444P-variant of GCase, we developed a suite of quantitative, high-throughput, cell-based assays. First, we labeled GCase with a small proluminescent HiBiT peptide reporter tag,...
Darian Williams

Topological stress triggers persistent DNA lesions in ribosomal DNA with ensuing formation of PML-nucleolar compartment

2 months 2 weeks ago
PML, a multifunctional protein, is crucial for forming PML-nuclear bodies involved in stress responses. Under specific conditions, PML associates with nucleolar caps formed after RNA polymerase I (RNAPI) inhibition, leading to PML-nucleolar associations (PNAs). This study investigates PNAs-inducing stimuli by exposing cells to various genotoxic stresses. We found that the most potent inducers of PNAs introduced topological stress and inhibited RNAPI. Doxorubicin, the most effective compound,...
Alexandra Urbancokova

Natural variation in age-related dopamine neuron degeneration is glutathione dependent and linked to life span

2 months 2 weeks ago
Aging is the biggest risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that age-related changes in the brain promote dopamine neuron vulnerability. It is unclear, however, whether aging alone is sufficient to cause significant dopamine neuron loss, and if so, how this intersects with PD-related neurodegeneration. Here, through examining a large collection of naturally varying Drosophila strains, we find a strong relationship between life span and age-related dopamine neuron loss. Strains with...
Colin R Coleman