Aging & Longevity

The aging vasculature is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and increased susceptibility to vascular pathologies. Central to these changes is the process of cellular senescence, where endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells lose their replicative and functional capacity and adopt a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype. This review provides an overview of the key mechanisms underlying vascular senescence, including the p53/p21 and p16/Rb pathways, the...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge marked by progressive renal decline and increased mortality. The interplay between CKD and hypothyroidism, particularly nonthyroidal low-triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome, exacerbates disease progression, driven by HPT axis dysfunction and reduced Klotho levels due to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. This study explored Klotho as a link between CKD and hypothyroidism using an adenine-induced CKD aged mouse model. Exogenous T3 and...

Varied factors and interventions were shown to extend the lifespan. An understanding of the mechanisms behind the beneficial effects might extend our understanding of how interventions work. However, in most studies, groups are compared at distinct time points representing chronological age. This setup does not take into account that organisms of the same chronological age are different biologically. In other words, they have a different biological age that reflects varied physiological traits....

Morphine addiction has many side effects, such as cognitive disorders. On the other hand, old age alone is one of the risk factors for cognitive decline and can increase the risk of addiction. On the other hand, the positive effects of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention on cognitive disorders have been shown through the increase of growth factors and synaptic proteins. This study will investigate the impacts of exercise on the consequences of morphine addiction in aged rats, relying...

The global increase in life expectancy has sparked growing interest in the factors that contribute to exceptional longevity. Between 1990 and 2015, the number of centenarians worldwide more than quadrupled. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between blood-based biomarkers and the likelihood of reaching 100 years of age in Catalonia (2015-2022), and to examine how biomarker variations during COVID-19 affected longevity. Using a retrospective cohort study based on primary care electronic...

A major challenge in aging research is identifying interventions that can improve lifespan and health and minimize toxicity. Clinical studies cannot consider decades-long follow-up periods, and therefore, in-silico evaluations using omics-based surrogate biomarkers are emerging as key tools. However, many current approaches train predictive models on observational data, rather than on intervention data, which can lead to biased conclusions. Yet, the first classifiers for lifespan extension by...

Telomeres, the protective ends of chromosome, are key to tissue repair and regeneration. Telomere shortening is linked to aging and age-related disorders, while excessive telomerase activity may support tissue regeneration or transformation. Some of the functions of telomeres and telomerase may be mediated by its important role in the process of stemness. Active telomerase, and subsequent telomerase-dependent telomere extension, supports stem-cells self-renewal and pluripotency - essential for...

CONCLUSIONS: Loneliness among both older men and women has decreased over the past three decades. Several factors were found to be associated with loneliness. Given the detrimental impact of loneliness on health of individuals, policies and health strategies aimed at alleviating loneliness among older people should be a top priority.

Ideal silicon negative electrodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries are expected to feature high capacity, minimal expansion, long lifespan, and fast charging. Yet, engineered silicon materials face a fundamental paradox associated with particle deformation and charge transfer, which hinders the industrial use of advanced silicon electrode materials. Here we show a sieving-pore design for carbon supports that overcomes these mechano-kinetic limitations to enable stable, fast (de)alloying...

CONCLUSION: Important variability in performance, particularly in vulnerable groups, highlights the limitations of a one-size-fits-all and underscores the need for more granular predictive models that account for subpopulation-specific characteristics to enhance mortality risk prediction.

CONCLUSIONS: PA and adherence to the MD are independently associated with sarcopenia. Moreover, specific associations were observed between sarcopenia domains. Nevertheless, no significant interaction was observed between them.

CONCLUSION: In East Asian populations, CHB will increase the incidence of OP. Therefore, CHB patients not only require long-term antiviral treatment to protect the liver but should also monitor their bone health over time to reduce the risk of OP, ultimately improving quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: In conclusion, this review emphasizes the uncertainty surrounding the effectiveness of SB reduction interventions in LTCFs. Future research should refine methodologies, standardize interventions and outcome measures, and build a stronger evidence base to guide intervention development and improve well-being in LTCF residents. Findings also suggest that SB-focused strategies may be more effective than PA-based ones alone and could inform policy and practice...

Cellular senescence is a complex biological process with a dual role in tissue homeostasis and aging-related pathologies. Accumulation of senescent cells promotes chronic inflammation, tissue dysfunction, age-related diseases, and tumor suppression. Recent advancements in immunotherapy have positioned T cell-based approaches as precision tools for the targeted clearance of senescent cells, offering a novel avenue for anti-aging interventions. This review explores the molecular mechanisms...

Acetylcholine (ACh) secreted by the non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS), an intrinsic system found in the mammalian heart, is not dependent on neuronal inputs for its synthesis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that ACh exerts multifaceted cardioprotective effects through the NNCS. Under extreme stress or demand, ACh slows heart rate by modulating cardiac chronotropy. Simultaneously, it protects the myocardium from ischemic, hypoxic, and other stressors. Beyond its direct effects on the...

With age, bones mechanosensitivity is reduced, which limits their ability to adapt to loading. The exact mechanism leading to this loss of mechanosensitvity is still unclear, making developing effective treatment challenging. Current treatments mostly focus on preventing bone mass loss (such as bisphosphonates) or promoting bone formation (such as Sclerostin inhibitors) to limit the decline of bones mass. However, treatments do not target the cause of bone mass loss which may be, in part, due to...

No abstract

No abstract

During aging, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function progressively declines which can lead to reduced blood cell production and regeneration. This work uncovered that cell surface presentation of P-selectin (CD62P, encoded by Selp) increases in a large fraction of aging HSCs driven by a proinflammatory milieu in mice. Notably, expression of P-selectin molecularly and functionally dichotomized the aging HSC pool; stem cells presenting with highly abundant P-selectin were hallmarked by...

Longitudinal studies offer a unique opportunity to characterize individual human lifespan trajectories. While challenging, their added value can advance our understanding of neurodevelopment and mental health disorders, with the aim to optimize brain health and mental health.