Aging & Longevity

Central to the legume-rhizobium symbiosis is the formation of organelle-like symbiosomes where nitrogen-fixing bacteroids are enclosed by a host-derived symbiosome membrane. This creates the symbiosome space, which topologically resembles an apoplastic compartment within the cell. While the apoplast of plant cells is largely occupied by the cell wall, symbiosomes are devoid of cell wall polymers. Here, we describe a mechanism that functions to protect and maintain effective nitrogen fixation...

Aging is associated with declines in physical, cognitive, and physical and mental well-being. This randomized trial aimed to assess the effects of a supervised, home-based multicomponent physical training program delivered via videoconferencing on physical fitness, cognitive performance, and mental well-being in healthy older adults. Thirty participants aged 60-70 years completed either a physical training intervention (PT), a health education intervention (active control, AC), or no...

Cognitive decline is one of the key challenges with aging, with significant implications for independence, quality of life, and healthcare burden. As pharmacological treatments remain limited in efficacy and often carry adverse effects, there is growing interest in safe, accessible, non-pharmacological strategies to preserve cognitive function. This Short Review explores the potential of combining two approaches that, individually, have shown beneficial effects on cognitive function:...

Aging is a complex biological process characterized by the gradual deterioration of cellular functions, leading to an increased susceptibility to chronic diseases. In the search for interventions to promote healthy aging and extend lifespan, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide/Nicotinamide Riboside (NMN/NR) have emerged as promising anti-aging agents. PQQ exerts its anti-aging effect primarily through enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, exerting antioxidant activity,...

Sacrificial sodium-rich salts pre-sodiation is a safe and promising approach to supplement sodium-ion batteries with additional capacity for energy density enhancement. However, high-cost from additional solvent and low-utilization-ratio caused by loose electrical contact limit its practical application in slurry-coated electrodes. Herein, we demonstrate a dry-processing method to enable complete sodium oxalate decomposition and solvent-free production of thick electrodes. Distinct to particle...

Aging is an inevitable process integrating chronological alterations of multiple organs. A growing aging population necessitates feasible anti-aging strategies to deal with age-associated health problems. We previously performed a proteomics analysis in a healthy-aging cohort, and revealed an age-related downregulation of ARMH4. Here we generate a whole-body Armh4-knockout mouse line, and investigate its impact on systemic aging. Under normal feeding conditions, Armh4 deficiency significantly...

CONCLUSION: This study is the first to directly examine the impact of loneliness on dynamic balance learning in PwPD. The findings revealed that loneliness can act as a significant inhibitory factor in balance rehabilitation for these patients. The results underscore the importance of designing targeted interventions to reduce feelings of loneliness to enhance balanced learning. Furthermore, the study paves the way for future research to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms and explore...

Accumulation of senescent cells is associated with aging and age-related diseases. However, current clearance therapies targeting senescent cells are often limited by low efficiency, poor specificity, and insufficient penetration. Here we develop a nano-platform composed of a probe (GD) that can be specifically activated by senescent cells, a photosensitizer (Ce6), and a peptide (HK) for targeting ferritin, named HK-PCGC. We show that upon entering senescent cells, GD is activated by high levels...

As aging is the primary risk factor for many chronic diseases, geroscience aims to target aging to delay age-related decline. Here, we identify Cyrene (dihydrolevoglucosenone), a sustainable, biocompatible solvent, as a novel geroprotective compound. Cyrene extends lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans, improving locomotor function and resistance to oxidative, thermal, osmotic, genotoxic, and proteotoxic stress. It also confers protection in neurodegenerative models of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's,...

Sex differences are found in brain structure and function across species, and across brain disorders in humans. A major source of brain sex differences is differential secretion of steroid hormones from the gonads across the lifespan. Specifically, ovarian hormones oestrogens and progesterone are known to dynamically change structure and function of the adult female brain, having a major impact on psychiatric risk. However, due to limited molecular studies in female rodents, very little is still...

Population ageing is a global phenomenon with significant implications for public health. Research has highlighted a relationship between gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines, and ageing, yet the underlying causal mechanisms remain elusive. This study uses Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate causal relationships between gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines, and ageing phenotypes. We leveraged the summary statistics of gut microbiota (n = 5959), circulating inflammatory...

The genetics of human longevity has been primarily studied using classical methods developed in genome-wide association studies. With the recent advances in paleogenomics, it is now possible to investigate to what extent ancient population ancestries contribute to complex traits. In this study, we explored the role of ancient genetic components in human longevity by focusing on the Italian Peninsula, whose genetic heritage includes several past genetic ancestries that have contributed to the...

Women experience more pronounced lipidomic changes with aging than men, which may contribute to the higher rates of Alzheimer's disease seen in postmenopausal women. Our earlier findings showed that transplantation of young ovarian somatic tissues or cells produced positive health-enhancing results in postreproductive females. In the current experiments, we looked to find key health-enhancing ovarian cells and pathways involved in this phenomenon. We conducted physiological and molecular...

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Large-scale single-cell atlases have revealed many aging- and disease-associated cell types, yet these populations are often underrepresented in heterogeneous tissues, limiting detailed molecular analyses. To address this, we developed EnrichSci-a scalable, microfluidics-free platform that combines hybridization chain reaction RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with combinatorial indexing to profile single-nucleus transcriptomes of target cell types with full gene-body coverage....

Cellular systems governing protein folding depend on functional redundancy and diversification to maintain proteostasis. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans, we show two homologous ER-resident HSP70 chaperones, HSP-3 and HSP-4, have overlapping and distinct roles in ER proteostasis and organismal physiology. Their expression and function vary by tissue, age, and stress, impacting ER stress resistance, reproduction, body size, and lifespan. We also find HSP-3 and HSP-4 uniquely regulate dietary...

Intrinsic capacity (IC), which comprises all physical and mental capacities of individuals, is a key component in the World Health Organization's healthy aging framework. A validated IC measure is lacking in India, the most populous country in the world. The aim of this study is to develop an IC measure in older Indian adults using 60,591 participants aged ≥45 years from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. Confirmatory factor analysis incorporated 14 items of cognitive, locomotor,...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 has emerged as a critical regulator of tumor pathogenesis through its modulation of substrate ubiquitination. However, its specific mechanistic role in HCC remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that WWP2 was significantly up-regulated in HCC patients and associated with poor prognosis. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of WWP2 induced cellular senescence and suppressed...

The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieve notable advances in stability under humidity, light, and heat stress. However, PSCs are still susceptible to reverse-bias degradation, mainly due to the inevitable iodide ions migration. Herein, we reveal the irreversible cross-layer migration of iodide ion (I^(-)) within PSCs under reverse bias, which contributes to the device performance failure. Further, we innovatively construct an electrostatic repulsion with I^(-) at the perovskite interface, which...

Skin is both the most visible and most environmentally exposed organ, with apparent aging phenotypes. DNA methylation clocks faithfully capture the progression of aging, but so far have been limited to training on abundant in vitro material or invasively collected samples to generate narrow methylomes using microarray platforms. Here, we demonstrate that skin biological age can be measured directly from a person's face with superior accuracy, using non-invasive tape-stripping. We developed two...