Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSIONS: EWGSOP2 algorithm is a valid tool even in hospitalized older patients, and each step enhances the predictivity of the algorithm; however, SARC-F and muscle strength can still be valuable tools for negative clinical outcomes when body composition data are not available.

Although most research on testicular aging has traditionally centered on germ cells, recent transcriptomic evidence shows that Sertoli cells are actually the most sensitive cell type to aging, displaying the highest number of aging-related differentially expressed genes and the greatest increase in transcriptional noise. As age advances, Sertoli cells undergo progressive quantitative loss, aberrant morphology, and disorganization of cytoskeletal and junctional structures, changes that...

Aging is the progressive decline in function at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels that ultimately leads to mortality. The longevity of an organism is influenced by various internal and external factors, including nutrition, exercise, metabolic dysfunction, genomic instability, and epigenetic imbalance. Histone modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, play a critical role in aging. These modifications illustrate histone changes crucial for...

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), the tumor-originating fraction of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), is widely used as a biomarker for cancer detection and therapeutic monitoring; however, its direct biological impact on normal cells remains insufficiently understood. Since ctDNA contains tumor-derived molecular features, we hypothesized that it could serve as a signal that induces stress responses in healthy stromal cells. In this study, ctDNA and cfDNA were isolated from the conditioned media of B16-F10...

The increasing elderly population has brought healthy aging into focus. Aging is a multifactorial process characterized by the progressive decline of cellular and tissue functions, largely due to cumulative oxidative stress. Antioxidant-based strategies have therefore gained prominence as potential interventions. This study investigated the protective and therapeutic effects of Squalene (SQ) and Saponin (SP), individually and in combination, on aging-related biomarkers in brain tissue using a...

CONCLUSION: Dual-task RT enhanced inflammatory and metabolic profiles, partially retaining benefits after detraining. This intervention presents a viable strategy to mitigate aging-related systemic health decline in vulnerable populations.

Deficits in dopamine function cause alterations in episodic memory. Converging evidence implicates dopamine in postencoding hippocampal mechanisms inferred to support long-term memory, though there is a lack of direct evidence in humans. We address this gap using pharmacological functional MRI (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Using a motivated reward encoding task on and off oral methylphenidate, we tested whether individual differences in baseline dopamine ([^(11)C]raclopride PET...

As a metabolically active organ, kidney has to challenge progressive functional decline with ageing. Meantime, in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, renal dysfunction also accelerates an individual's ageing trajectory, leading to premature senescence and a disconnect between biological age and chronological age. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-recognized characteristic of kidney ageing, whereas preserving mitochondrial homeostasis can effectively delay the ageing process. This review...

Although neuromuscular decline is well documented with aging, emerging evidence indicates that it may begin as early as midlife, around age 50. As this stage represents a critical window for early intervention, the present study investigated age- and sex-related differences in muscle activation using high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) of the biceps brachii (BB). Physically active individuals were categorized into three age groups: young (20-30 years), middle-aged (45-55 years), and...

No abstract

Longitudinal studies are required to measure individual differences in human brain aging, but are challenging over short intervals due to measurement error. Using cluster scanning, an approach that reduces error by densely repeating rapid structural scans, we assess brain aging in individuals across three timepoints in one year. Cluster scanning substantially improves the precision of individualized estimates, revealing previously undetectable individual differences in brain change. In just one...

Chemokines are small molecule secreted proteins that regulate biological processes such as chemotaxis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis, typically functioning through binding to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the cell surface. The chemokine family can be classified into four major types based on the differences in their conserved cysteine motifs at the N-terminal: CC, CXC, CX3C, and XC. Among them, the CXC family occupies a central position in the chemokine group. Due to their vital role...

No abstract

RNA is subject to many modifications, from small chemical changes like methylation to conjugation of biomolecules such as glycans. As well as endogenously written modifications, RNA is also exposed to damage induced by its environment. Certain clinical compounds are known to covalently modify RNA with a growing appreciation of how these impact clinical efficacy. To understand the regulation of these modifications, we need a reliable, sensitive, and rapid methodology for their quantification....

Purpose of the ResearchUsing longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we examined whether childhood book environment is associated with higher cognitive functioning and better cognitive maintenance later in life, especially among individuals with lower education.Major FindingsAmong 86,619 adults aged 60+ (226,515 person-wave observations from Waves 4-8, with retrospective childhood circumstances from Waves 3 and 7), even modest childhood access to...

Adverse events across the life course have been linked to older biological ageing profiles. Whether these associations differ between males and females, and whether such differences depend on adversity occurring in childhood, adulthood or both periods, remains unclear. In 153,557 UK Biobank participants aged 40-69 years, we assessed associations of childhood and/or adulthood adversity with metabolomic ageing, frailty, telomere length and grip strength. Sex differences were evaluated using...

Cereal grains contain bioactive compounds that may influence longevity. We investigated the effects of 20 cereal varieties on longevity and healthspan in Drosophila melanogaster, including triticale, bread wheat, durum wheats, ancient wheats, and regional varieties. Cereal-based diets exhibited sex-specific differences relative to cereal-free controls: females showed 3-13% longer lifespans while males exhibited reduced lifespans by up to 19%. In females, clear patterns were observed: pronounced...

Fat plays a key role in maintaining energy balance and supporting various physiological processes. HuAge-related disorders in fat utilization are increasingly prevalent, contributing to impaired energy balance, heightened metabolic disease risk, and increased cardiovascular dysfunction. The mechanism of age-induced disorders of fat utilization remains unclear. This study aims to explore the key factor affecting fat digestion and absorption during aging. Mice of different ages were used to...

Skeletal muscle aging is characterized by progressive functional decline and molecular remodeling, yet how different muscle types respond to aging remains incompletely understood. Here, we performed integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of three functionally distinct muscles-gastrocnemius (GA), soleus (SOL), and tibialis anterior (TA)-from young (3-month) and aged (24-month) C57BL/6J male mice. Our multi-omics approach revealed both shared and muscle-specific molecular signatures...

The changing demography of human populations has motivated a search for interventions that promote healthy ageing, and especially for evolutionarily-conserved mechanisms that can be studied in lab systems to generate hypotheses about function in humans. Reduced Insulin/IGF signalling (IIS) is a leading example, which can extend healthy lifespan in a range of animals, but whether benefits and costs of reduced IIS vary genetically within species is under-studied. This information is critical for...