Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSION: Individuals with cognitive profiles consistent with probable executive MCI were identified using simple assessments of global cognition, memory and executive functions in a community-dwelling older population. As participants were not clinically diagnosed, further prospective studies are needed to determine the screening performance of this approach.

CONCLUSION: Episodic memory practice effects appear to carry meaningful information beyond generic retest-related gains. Explicitly modeling retest effects while preserving interindividual differences in practice-related improvement may refine the characterization of longitudinal cognitive trajectories and help identify subtle early differences in cognitive resilience and vulnerability.

Despite progress on noble-metal high-entropy alloy catalysts, noble-metal-free high-entropy alloy catalysts continue to face limitations in activity and stability. Atomic defect engineering holds promise for unlocking catalytic potential, yet efficient strategies for designing defects to simultaneously tailor electronic structures and enhance catalytic active sites in noble-metal-free high-entropy alloys remain challenging. Here, we report a general rule to drive twin formation via precisely...

Diet is associated with biological aging, yet few existing dietary indices have been developed specifically to target biological aging. We develop a data-driven, food-based Empirical Dietary Index for Slower Epigenetic Aging (EDISEA) to identify dietary features predictive of lower GrimAge2 acceleration. Higher EDISEA is associated with 4.17 years slower epigenetic aging in the derivation sample of 1,711 participants (P-value < 0.001) and 3.77 years slower aging in an independent sample of 2,311...

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CONCLUSIONS: Serum NfL demonstrated potential as a sensitive and non-invasive biomarker for early detection and staging of cognitive decline. The establishment of population-specific cut-offs within an Indian cohort contributes to global efforts toward standardizing blood-based biomarkers for AD.

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In our systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the predictive accuracy and clinical applicability of ten dementia risk assessment scores for incident dementia in cohort studies. Three of 10 risk scores had sufficient, comparable data for a meta-analysis. We analyzed the Cardiovascular Risk Factors Ageing and Dementia (CAIDE), Lifestyle for brain health (LIBRA), and Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI) in middle- and older-aged baseline populations with short, medium, and...

Aerobic exercise attenuates age-related physiological decline, potentially through favorable modulation of gut microbiota diversity. The purpose of this study was to characterize aerobic exercise training (ET)-induced alterations in the gut microbiome of aging, genetically heterogeneous UM-HET3 mice and examine associations between microbial shifts and changes in body composition (body weight, lean mass, and fat mass) and exercise capacity (total work, distance, and duration). Male UM-HET3 mice...

CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide a valuable reference for cost-effectiveness studies on interventions for older adults, enabling policymakers to assess the economic viability of allocating healthcare resources to this population. Furthermore, policymakers can consider the reasons behind older adults' reluctance to invest in longer, healthier lives, which could inform targeted strategies to encourage greater investment in their health.

Proteomic ageing clocks are emerging tools that estimate biological age from protein abundance patterns. Most models are developed using blood capturing inflammatory, metabolic, and extracellular proteins, including secreted signalling factors. Large-scale plasma studies now predict chronological age, disease risk and mortality, but muscle-related models remain indirect, relying on organ-enriched circulating proteins rather than biopsy-derived skeletal muscle clocks. We review current proteomic...

Aging, neuroinflammation and metabolic dysfunction are tightly intertwined in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but how transient pathological signals become persistent cellular states remains poorly understood. Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) provide a dynamic interface between extracellular stimuli, cellular metabolism and chromatin state. This Review examines how canonical histone modifications and emerging metabolite-derived acylations regulate inflammatory and stress-responsive...

Resting-state electroencephalography is increasingly proposed as a scalable marker of healthy brain ageing, yet its interpretability depends on distinguishing stable individual characteristics from condition-dependent measurement effects. This secondary analysis of an open lifespan dataset examined periodic alpha activity, alpha-peak detectability, aperiodic spectral structure, short-term repeatability, and longitudinal change under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions before and after an...

High-quality reference genomes are essential for comparative and functional genomics yet remain unavailable for many emerging model organisms. Here, we report OctDeg2.0, a chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of the degu (Octodon degus), generated using PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding from a single male individual. Octodon degus is of growing interest as a natural animal model for aging and Alzheimer's disease research. The 3.4 billion base-pair assembly...

Adipose tissue aging is increasingly recognized as a systemic process involving altered fat distribution, ectopic lipid deposition, and metabolic dysfunction, yet its shared genetic architecture remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we constructed a latent multivariate genetic phenotype of adipose tissue aging by integrating genome-wide association summary statistics for seven adipose- and metabolism-related traits, including visceral adipose tissue volume, abdominal subcutaneous...

DNA repair defects such as nucleotide excision repair (NER) mutations can lead to progeroid syndromes characterized by growth retardation and accelerated aging with distinct tissue type specific pathologies. DNA-damage-induced dysfunction of specific cell types can impair the organism's overall function. It is unknown whether, in reverse, DNA repair in specific tissues can have non-cell-autonomous consequences on other tissues carrying DNA damage. To explore the organismal consequences of...

In young animals, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the CNS efficiently differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs), whereas ageing reduces this capacity, impairing remyelination following demyelinating injury and adaptive myelination involved in learning. To identify factors that restore resilience in aged OPCs, we developed gSWITCH (https://altoslabs.shinyapps.io/gSWITCH/, https://github.com/Tanay-math/gSWITCH), a computational pipeline that captures dynamic gene-expression...

CONCLUSIONS: Among older adults in Shenzhen, the burden of stroke with comorbid hypertension and diabetes showed a long-term upward trajectory over the study period. Model-based projections suggested that the burden may increase from 2024 to 2033, particularly among males and older age groups. These findings provide population-level descriptive and projection evidence that may inform risk stratification and health service planning for ageing urban populations.