Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we explored the association between ALM or sarcopenia and multiple health outcomes, highlighting the widespread impact of ALM on systemic health condition. These findings provide new epidemiological evidence on how ALM or sarcopenia influence the health status among the U.S.

N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) orchestrates RNA fate decisions through a dynamic interplay of writers, erasers, and readers, modulating splicing, stability, and translation. This review unveils how m⁶A fine-tunes senescence-associated pathways (p53/p21, p16-RB) with cancer-context-dependent duality-either as a tumor suppressor or promoter of progression/resistance. Leveraging single-cell and spatial omics, we dissect m⁶A's spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumor-immune ecosystems. We consolidate...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aging is a predominant risk factor for CVD. Cardiovascular aging is characterized by progressive structural changes at the cellular level and functional decline within the cardiovascular system, ultimately contributing to the onset and progression of CVD. These changes include alterations in left ventricular (LV) systolic...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Chronic pain, especially its intensity, is independently associated with reduced physical performance in older adults. These findings reinforce the need for primary care services to prioritize the identification and management of chronic pain to help preserve mobility and functional capacity in aging populations.

Decelerating gains in life expectancy (e(0)) in high-income countries have raised concerns about the future of human longevity. To enhance our understanding of these developments, we examine subnational (N = 450) mortality trends in Western Europe in the period 1992-2019. Between 1992 and 2005, gains in life expectancy were both substantial and widespread. Laggard regions experienced the fastest improvements, yielding rapid regional convergence. Between 2005 and 2019, however, gains in these...

Hypertension prevalence is increasing in both aging and younger populations, with high salt intake being a key environmental driver. Whether young and aged individuals exhibit similar physiological and molecular responses to salt loading remains unclear. This study compared hemodynamic and renal redox adaptations to salt loading in young (8-week) and aged (50-week) Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. Both groups developed salt-sensitive hypertension, but blood pressure (BP) elevation was markedly...

Physical and cognitive interventions, alone or combined, are recognized strategies to enhance cognitive function in healthy older adults, though their relative effectiveness remains debated. This study aimed to compare and classify the impact of such interventions on cognitive performance. Following PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified through searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with screening and data extraction procedures guided by the Cochrane...

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Bowhead whales have the longest lifespan of all vertebrates, living over 200 years. The mechanisms responsible for their lifespan are mostly unknown. In a recent study in Nature, Firsanov et al.¹ reveal that bowhead whales have evolved more efficient DNA-repair mechanisms.

Cellular senescence and brain atrophy are both associated with brain aging, suggesting these processes may share underlying biological mechanisms. This study investigated these mechanisms by integrating structural neuroimaging with gene and protein expression data from prefrontal cortex tissue collected from individuals who underwent neurosurgery. Cell-type-specific gene expression signatures associated with neuroimaging features and cellular senescence were identified and replicated in several...

We performed Visium spatial transcriptomics (ST) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on a cohort of nonpathological human tissues to uncover signatures of aging and senescence in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). In doing so, we identified gene expression changes characteristic of aged cortical layers. The cellular composition of the dlPFC also changed with age, with increased homeostatic astrocyte abundance and with decreased somatostatin (SST) inhibitory neurons. Nuclei...

Cellular senescence, a stress-induced program causing stable cell-cycle arrest, is a hallmark of liver aging, fibrosis, and cancer. However, the cell-type-specific mechanisms, spatial organization, and cancer-associated alterations in the liver remain unclear. We profiled 43 normal human livers spanning ages and fibrosis stages using a single-cell multiome, Xenium spatial transcriptomics, and CODEX, complemented by fibrotic mouse models and 24 colorectal cancer liver metastases. We found CDKN1A+...

Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis is a crucial step in identifying senescent cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. However, few studies have evaluated the performance of DGE methods-particularly those implemented in the widely used Seurat package. In this study, we systematically assessed 10 DGE methods available in Seurat-Wilcox, Wilcox-limma, bimod, roc, t, negbinom, Poisson, LR, MAST, and DESeq2-using simulated and real scRNA-seq datasets. We evaluated each...

Biological age, as opposed to chronological age, quantifies the body's functional state and rate of aging. Despite the absence of a universal formula for its determination, panels of biomarkers that change consistently with age are used to construct predictive aging clocks. These models enable the identification of accelerated aging and are valuable as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. The proliferation of published aging clocks has created a challenge: data is fragmented across numerous...

Eccrine sweat glands (ESGs) are critical organs for human thermoregulation, yet their function progressively declines with aging. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the age-related impairment of ESG function. Through comparative analysis between skin tissues from young and aged mice/human, we observed structural loosening of aged ESG and a significant reduction in the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components-type I and type II collagen. Further...

High-fat diet (HFD) intake is a potent inducer of oxidative stress, promoting metabolic dysfunction and accelerated ageing. Identifying interventions capable of mitigating this persistent redox burden is therefore essential. This study investigated the combined efficacy of α-lipoic acid (LA) supplementation and a daily climbing regimen in counteracting HFD-induced oxidative stress across different life stages and mating statuses in Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were maintained on an HFD and...

Aging leads to a progressive decline in overall bladder function resulting in lower urinary tract symptoms and increased susceptibility to infections. However, tissue-specific mechanisms of aging, specifically the contributions of the urothelium, remain elusive. Here, we introduce mouse bladder epithelium-derived organoids (mBEDOs) as a scalable platform to model urothelial aging. mBEDOs from aged mice recapitulate key features of age-associated cellular reprogramming, including oxidative...

The variability in cognitive and brain ageing trajectories may be influenced by inter-individual and community-level differences in resilience that result from differential exposures to social and structural determinants of health and be affected by an individual's sex and gender. However, no clear guidance exists on how to best integrate these diversity-related factors (that is, sex, gender and social and structural determinants of health) into clinical and cognitive neuroscience research on...

BACKGROUND: Social frailty and reduced functional ability are major challenges among older adults in urban slums, yet the mechanisms linking these factors remain poorly understood. Social capital may buffer the effects of social frailty, but evidence is limited in urban slums context. The protocol study hypothesized that higher social capital is associated with lower social frailty and better functional ability among older adults.