Aging & Longevity

Recent advances in van der Waals materials have sparked renewed interest in the impact of dimensionality on magnetic phase transitions. Although ordered magnetic phases have been demonstrated to survive in the two-dimensional (2D) limit, the quest for a spin glass with quenched magnetic disorder in lower dimensions has proven elusive. Here, we provide evidence of a spin glass emerging from randomly distributed Fe atoms in Fe(3)GeTe(2) (FGT). ac magnetic susceptibility displays a strong frequency...

Aging researchers and the removal of retirement policies yield decreased disruptive innovation in science.

CONCLUSION: In healthy older adults, adherence to a healthy lifestyle was associated with a greater likelihood of surviving free from disability and dementia and was prospectively linked with a prolonged healthspan and a compression of morbidity, highlighting its potential importance in promoting healthy aging.

Cellular senescence arises through replicative exhaustion or acute stress, yet whether these distinct triggers share a reproducible transcriptional organization has remained unresolved. Seven public human fibroblast RNA-seq datasets were integrated across both trigger types, moving from differential expression through Gene Ontology and Reactome enrichment to protein-protein interaction network embedding within a single harmonized framework. Both triggers converged on concordant repression of...

A recent study by Bieri et al. shows that exercise elevates hepatic glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D1 (GPLD1), which cleaves endothelial tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) to rejuvenate cerebrovascular signaling, enhance cognition in aging, and attenuate Alzheimer's-related pathology. This liver-to-brain enzymatic axis positions hepatokines as potent mediators of exercise-induced neuroprotection, which redefines systemic metabolism as a driver of brain...

The Six1 (SIX homeobox 1) gene is pivotal in renal and pulmonary development and differentiation. Its dysregulation is implicated in oncogenesis and tumor progression via enhancing cell proliferation and delaying senescence. However, whether or how it functions in the natural aging have not been investigated. To answer this question, we generated Six1 gene knockout mice using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. All Six1 biallelic knockout mice died at birth since the underdeveloped lungs. In Six1^(+/-)...

The aging process exhibits tissue-specific characteristics, yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. While it is widely accepted that a reduction in blood vessels in hard tissues contributes to aging, such as in osteoporosis, the vascular changes driving soft tissue aging and degeneration remain unclear. Here, by integrating single-cell transcriptomics and light-sheet imaging, we uncover a striking infiltration of type H-like blood vessels and an aging-specific Coch^(+) cell...

Developing sustainable adhesives with simultaneous high adhesive strength and excellent work of debonding remains challenging. Here, strong, ultra-tough, environmentally reliable, and recyclable polyurethane adhesives are reported, utilizing a multiscale engineering approach. The multiscale structure employs a top-down design philosophy to merge the advantages of both thermoplastic and thermosetting systems, integrating multi-level organizations including macroscale dual-length dynamic...

Red pulp macrophages (RPMs) remove senescent erythrocytes from the circulation and recycle their iron for erythropoiesis. The development of RPMs is guided by signals from the microenvironment, which promote expansion and tissue adaptation through the induction of transcription factors, including Spi-C and PPARγ. Here, we show that infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or treatment with IL-33 results in the accumulation of activated group 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s) in the...

Background Pain is highly prevalent in older adults and linked to hyperacusis, yet evidence on its relationship with self-reported hearing difficulty (HD) remains limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of pain with incident HD. Methods Adults aged ≥50 from six nationally-representative aging cohorts were included: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the...

The extended stay-green trait is beneficial to increase photosynthetic efficiency, thereby enhancing crop yield. However, factors and mechanisms affecting this process remain largely unknown. Here, we cloned a leaf precocious senescence gene (lps1-1) and created additional null alleles. All lps1 mutants exhibited accelerated leaf senescence with reduced chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic efficiency. The 100-kernel weight and storage reserve content were decreased in lps1 kernels, while the...

Over the past decade, clonal hematopoiesis (CH) has gained substantial attention as a prevalent, age-associated phenomenon with major implications for hematologic malignancy, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. CH arises from the clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells harboring somatic mutations, most commonly in genes implicated in leukemia. Beyond chronological aging, CH evolution is shaped by lifelong exposure to inflammatory, metabolic, and environmental...

From a cellular perspective, senescence has been considered a binary state, wherein cells are either senescent or not. This reductionist notion, often defined as irreversible growth arrest, has guided efforts to identify universal biomarkers and senolytics, but both have consistently eluded us. This outcome is not surprising, given that the biological nature of senescence may not be strictly irreversible; the accumulated evidence suggests that growth arrest can become unstable over time, with...

Aging is a complex biological process characterized by progressive functional decline and increased risk of chronic diseases. In recent years, DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks have emerged as some of the most robust biomarkers for estimating biological age. Initial research clocks, such as those developed by Horvath and Hannum, provided highly accurate chronological age predictions. Subsequent models, including PhenoAge, GrimAge, and DunedinPACE, improved upon this by incorporating...

CONCLUSION: Different physical activity intensities were not significantly associated with resting-state functional connectivity of various brain networks in a sample of healthy older adults. This finding contrasts with the results of previous cross-sectional studies.

Stroke remains the second leading cause of death globally, yet traditional risk factors explain only 50-60 percent of cases. Emerging evidence indicates that lipid dysregulation is a central mechanism linking environmental exposures to cerebrovascular vulnerability. Aging, chronic inflammation, infections, diet, inactivity, stress, sleep disorders, and toxins are associated with disruption of lipid homeostasis through oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, cytokine-mediated metabolic...

Mitochondrial dynamics play a critical role in the development of aging-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. To investigate how mitochondrial dynamics influence cellular behavior in pancreatic beta-cells, we developed a rule-based, multi-level simulation model of insulin secretion. The pancreatic beta-cell model encompasses metabolic pathways (glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation), compartmental processes (mitochondrial fusion and fission), and cellular processes (insulin...

Sepsis disproportionately affects older adults and children, two immunologically vulnerable extremes of age. Yet sepsis is superimposed on distinct baselines-immunosenescence in the elderly and immune immaturity in neonates and young children-leading to different pathways toward immune failure. This comparative narrative review synthesizes clinical and experimental evidence on age-specific and shared alterations in lymphocyte subsets in sepsis, including lymphopenia; CD4^(+) and CD8^(+) T cell...

In this prospective cohort study of 1545 participants aged 80 years and older from the China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study, we investigated the independent and joint associations of modifiable risk factors and genetic predisposition with life expectancy. A weighted modifiable risk factor score (MRFS) based on 11 factors and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for longevity were constructed. A favorable modifiable risk factor profile (low MRFS) was associated with a 40.7% lower death risk (HR 0.593,...

Cancer-causing mutations have been identified primarily from positive selection signals in cancer genomes. However, positive selection is also a ubiquitous feature of normal tissue aging. Here we develop a statistical framework to disentangle selection in normal tissue and causation of carcinogenesis. By comparing cancer and normal tissue genomes, we estimate the effects of mutations on cancer risk in the blood, esophagus and colon. We determine that stronger cancer-causing mutations are...