Aging & Longevity

Skeletal muscle aging is associated with increased lipid accumulation, or myosteatosis, leading to lipotoxicity and loss of muscle function. Here, we report that loss of the lactate receptor GPR81 in cellular and progeroid models of muscle aging is associated with impaired lipid oxidation and enhanced lipid accumulation. Knockdown of GPR81 in young healthy myoblasts led to an increase in senescence hallmarks such as DNA damage, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired...

INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with cognitive decline and dementia even in the absence of clinical stroke, potentially through mechanisms such as silent infarction, small-vessel disease, hypoperfusion, and systemic inflammation. However, most previous studies have focused on global brain measures, and little is known about region-specific structural alterations, particularly within deep gray-matter structures and hippocampal subfields. Evidence regarding atrial flutter...

INTRODUCTION: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is frequently accompanied by impairments in postural control and trunk muscle function. Although gamma-theta rhythmic stimulation has been reported to modulate neural oscillatory activity, its influence on brain-muscle interactions in individuals with MCI remains poorly understood. This exploratory pilot study investigated whether changes in EEG connectivity following gamma-theta stimulation were associated with alterations in trunk muscle...

INTRODUCTION: Age-related motor decline is particularly evident during complex movements that require sequencing and bimanual coordination. The one-target advantage (OTA), in which single-target movements are typically initiated faster than the first segment of a two-target sequence, provides a useful framework for assessing planning demands in older adults.

Aging-related neurological disorders, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, and various neuroinflammatory conditions, affect over three billion individuals worldwide and constitute leading causes of morbidity, disability, and socioeconomic burdens. Aging contributes not only to the increased incidence of these disorders but also to their progression through interconnected mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic...

Local brain age (LBA) is a spatially resolved biomarker of brain aging that captures regional deviations from chronological age, yet its genetic architecture in the subcortex remains unexplored. Here, we present the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of subcortical LBA, estimated using a deep neural network applied to T1-weighted MRI scans from 41,957 cognitively normal participants in the UK Biobank. We computed LBA across 14 subcortical structures and identified 14 significant...

Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation begins many years before the onset of clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies in humans suggest that unimpaired individuals with elevated Aβ exhibit subtle changes in cognitive trajectories over time, particularly in memory. Identifying animal models that recapitulate these early changes is critical for translational research on preclinical AD. Here, we hypothesized that aging dogs, which naturally accumulate Aβ, show similar patterns to those observed...

As a major contributor to cardiac diseases, thrombosis, a pathological process in which the formation of a blood clot restricts blood flow, is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. A central event in thrombosis involves thrombin-mediated cleavage of soluble fibrinogen into fibrin monomers, which polymerize into an insoluble fibrin mesh that forms the thrombus. While the risk of thrombosis increases markedly with age, the underlying cellular mechanisms linking aging and thrombus formation...

Social engagement is thought to support reserve and resilience in aging, yet prior findings suggest it may relate differently, potentially even in opposite directions, in males and females. To further understand these differences, we investigated psychological and biological correlates of social network within each sex, and tested whether its association with cognition differs by sex. Social network was assessed in 104 older adults (age 73.77 ± 3.58, 60 females) using the Social Network Index...

Cellular senescence plays a dual role in physiology and pathology. While it contributes to tumour suppression and tissue repair, its persistence promotes chronic inflammation, tissue dysfunction, and age-related diseases. Oxidative stress is a major driver of this process, and the RNA-binding protein HuR serves as a regulator by stabilizing transcripts encoding antioxidant and stress-response proteins. In this study, we established an in vitro model of replicative senescence using human...

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality, and population ageing is reshaping its clinical phenotype, disease trajectory, and therapeutic complexity. Chronological age alone cannot explain the heterogeneity of CAD outcomes in older individuals, highlighting the need to integrate biological ageing into cardiovascular disease research and management. Cellular senescence, characterised by stable cell-cycle arrest, metabolic reprogramming, and acquisition of a...

Cellular senescence is traditionally described through durable cell-cycle arrest, DNA-damage signaling, metabolic remodeling, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, and acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, senescent cells also undergo prominent structural and biomechanical changes, including enlarged and flattened cell shape, altered stiffness and force transmission, cytoskeletal reorganization, defective nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling, impaired organelle...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a fundus oculi disease that progressively impairs the central vision of patients. To date, its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, and therapeutic options for dry AMD remain limited. Recently, chronic low-grade inflammation has been recognized as an important pathogenic factor in various neurodegenerative diseases, including AMD. The NLRP3 inflammasome, a key component of the innate immune system, has emerged as a critical integrator of retinal...

CONCLUSION: Different exercise modalities exhibit domain-specific cognitive benefits in individuals with MCI. Multicomponent exercise appears most effective for improving global cognitive function, mind-body exercise may preferentially benefit memory-related outcomes, and resistance exercise may provide greater benefits for executive-function-related outcomes. These findings support individualized selection of exercise modalities for individuals with MCI.

Biological age describes how a person is aging on molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. At the present time, biological age is not something that can be fully quantified and aging itself is far too complicated to be captured by a single layer of information. As such, it is relegated to being an abstract and somewhat vague idea. In this sense, biological age is remarkably similar to health. Health, like biological age, is not well defined and too multifarious to be summarized with a...

Although lifespan has long been the focus of ageing research, preventing functional decline late in life is a more pressing societal need. Here, we investigate the basis of senescence and declining fitness during replicative ageing in budding yeast, and describe a metabolic perturbation that preserves late-life fitness even on an unrestricted glucose diet. We show that senescence can be prevented by constitutive activation of AMPK, though only for approximately half the ageing population, and...

Aging is associated with the deterioration of various biological processes including disrupted proteostasis and impaired macroautophagy/autophagy. Biomolecules can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to form biomolecular condensates that exert specific biological functions. Trr1 (thioredoxin reductase 1) is a pivotal enzyme in the thioredoxin antioxidant system. Deletion of TRR1 results in impaired autophagy; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unexplored. In this study, we...

Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, with satellite cell dysfunction representing a central pathogenic mechanism. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin derived from plants of the Dioscorea genus, has demonstrated potential anti-aging properties; however, its role in sarcopenia remains unclear. In this study, naturally aged C57BL/6J mice and a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced senescent C2C12 cell model were employed to systematically...

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CONCLUSION: This study found that better sleep quality was longitudinally associated with better psychological well-being among Chinese older adults over time. The results suggest that enhanced sleep quality among older adults in China is strongly associated with improved psychological well-being.