Aging & Longevity

Overexpression of the mRNA binding protein Ssd1 extends the yeast replicative lifespan. Using microfluidics to trap and image single cells throughout their lifespans, we find that lifespan extension by Ssd1 overexpression is accompanied by formation of cytoplasmic Ssd1 foci. The age-dependent Ssd1 foci are condensates that appear dynamically in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, and their failure to resolve during mitosis coincided with the end of lifespan. Ssd1 overexpression was epistatic with...

mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin are among the most robust life-extending interventions known, yet the mechanisms underlying their geroprotective effects in humans remain incompletely understood. At non-immunosuppressive doses, these drugs are senomorphic, that is, they mitigate cellular senescence, but whether they protect genome stability itself has been unclear. Given that DNA damage is a major driver of immune ageing, and immune decline accelerates whole-organism ageing, we tested whether...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition in which aging serves as the predominant risk factor. Emerging research underscores the importance of bile acids (BAs), traditionally recognized for their role in digestion, as key signaling mediators involved in both systemic metabolism and neural communication. Disruption of bile acid (BA) metabolism during aging arises from altered hepatic synthesis, gut microbial imbalance, and defective receptor signaling. These changes...

Aging is accompanied by cumulative oxidative stress that promotes tissue degeneration and reproductive decline. Here, we show that deficiency of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) accelerates oxidative injury and reproductive aging through a ferroptosis-linked redox imbalance, and that ginseng root extract (GR) confers protection across species. Aged hairless Sod1⁻^(/)⁻ mice exhibited markedly elevated skin and plasma oxidative stress markers-including 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde (MDA), and...

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the aging population, is marked by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, tau tangles, and progressive neuronal degeneration, placing heavy clinical and socioeconomic burdens on healthcare worldwide. Aging remains the strongest risk factor, with chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired proteostasis creating a vulnerable brain environment that accelerates AD onset and progression. Recent evidence...

Transposable elements (TEs) are indispensable components of eukaryotic genomes, mechanistically linked to carcinogenesis, aging and other degenerative diseases. The ability of TEs to self-propagate and cause deletions, inversions or insertions within the genome poses a real threat to the fidelity of genomic integrity. This review discusses the fundamental properties of TEs, with a focus on cellular interactions associated with mechanisms involved in recombination, replication, and DNA repair....

Senescent cells display indefinite growth arrest and a pro-inflammatory, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). As the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues with age plays detrimental roles in age-related pathologies, there is much interest in finding therapeutic strategies to eliminate them or suppress the SASP. In this study, we investigated the impact of the secretome and extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) on senescent human...

Spaceflight exposes astronauts to a combination of environmental stressors such as microgravity, ionizing radiation, circadian disruption, and social isolation that induce phenotypes of aging. However, whether these exposures accelerate biological aging remains unclear. In this exploratory study, we assessed 32 DNA methylation-based biological age metrics in 4 astronauts during the Axiom-2 mission at pre-flight, in-flight (day 4 and 7), and post-flight (return days 1 and 7). On average,...

With an aging population, the incidence of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) continues to increase. Aging cells exhibit reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD^(+)) levels and impaired autophagy; however, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unclear. In our study, we assessed the role of nicotinamide nucleotide adenylate transferase 1 (NMNAT1) in cochlear hair cell aging using D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging HEI-OC1 cells and cochlear explants. We observed a...

With the increasing trend of delayed childbearing, the decline in oocyte quality associated with advanced maternal age has emerged as a pressing concern. However, the mechanism remains unclear, and effective strategies for improvement are currently lacking. Previously, we reported that the downregulation of the mevalonate pathway in aged granulosa cells (GCs) contributed to meiotic defects in oocytes, which may implicate farnesyl pyrophosphate-mediated protein farnesylation. Nevertheless, the...

CONCLUSION: This review provides a comprehensive comparison of dual-task and single-task interventions, highlighting the superior efficacy of dual-task training in improving both cognitive and physical outcomes. While single-task interventions offer benefits, they lack the comprehensive improvements observed in dual-task training. Future research should explore long-term outcomes, refine intervention protocols, and assess the applicability of combined approaches to maximize benefits for aging...

Aging drives a progressive decline in vascular health, undermining endothelial function, neurovascular coupling (NVC), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, three processes essential for maintaining cerebral perfusion and cognitive resilience. Central to these age-related deficits is mitochondrial dysfunction, which disrupts redox balance, bioenergetics, and nutrient-sensing pathways within vascular cells, thereby promoting oxidative stress, impaired mitophagy, mitochondrial fragmentation,...

As individuals age, there is a gradual increase in the levels of inflammation in the body, with macrophages, essential immune cell types, assuming a critical role in modulating inflammatory responses and eliminating senescent cells. Prolonged inflammatory reactions can result in tissue damage, the advancement of diseases, and the acceleration of aging processes. Hevin (also known as SPARCL1, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like protein 1) is involved in regulating inflammatory...

The gut microbiota changes throughout life, potentially influencing health and triggering physiological disorders. Frailty syndrome (FS) is an age-related condition that reduces quality of life and increases hospitalization and mortality risks, making early detection and prevention essential in older populations. This study analyzed 16S rRNA gene and metagenomics sequencing of fecal samples from 203 older adults (FS: n = 64, non-FS (NFS): n = 139) to assess the role of gut microbiota in FS and...

CONCLUSIONS: Extreme obesity is rising disproportionately, including among older adults, and requires urgent recognition as a distinct public health challenge. Healthcare systems must adapt to the complex needs of this population, including appropriate medical infrastructure, specialized care pathways, and enhanced clinical guidelines. Ongoing surveillance and tailored interventions are essential to address this growing burden.

The gastrointestinal (GI) barrier maintains gut homeostasis by regulating nutrient absorption and preventing the entry of harmful agents. While its disruption has been linked to chronic disease, stress and dietary lifestyle, the role of aging in intestinal permeability remains subject of debate. Understanding how aging and age-associated inflammation affect barrier integrity is crucial for promoting GI health in the elderly. In this study, we used the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 (SAMP8)...

CONCLUSIONS: Connected Care for Older Adults incorporates CHWs in primary care settings to deliver age-friendly care to rural, underserved adults 55 and older. Early findings and feedback from participating patients, caregivers, providers, and CHWs suggest that this is a promising approach to delivering age-friendly care.

The Reducing Inflammation for Greater Health Trial's (RIGHT) study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to test whether clazkizumab, an interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor, can improve or slow decline in physical, cognitive, and vascular function in older adults, when compared to a placebo. The trial will enroll participants meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) ≥ 70 years of age, (2) with low to moderate physical function, defined as self-reported...

Older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be at a greater risk of cognitive impairment than older adults without SCD (i.e., non-SCD). This study examined dual-task changes in cerebral oxygenation and performance to determine whether these changes may be used as a biomarker in older adults with SCD. Older adults with (n = 24) and without SCD (n = 18) completed neuropsychological assessments and finger tapping and working memory dual-tasks. Cognitive and motor performance were...

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a gradual loss of neurons, cellular dysfunction, loss of intricate synaptic networks and brain damage, which are going to be the second leading cause of death in future. These proteinopathies are marked by abnormal amyloid fibril deposition, aberrant aggregation of misfolded proteins via polymerization, where protein aggregates serve as key pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple system atrophy disorders. These toxic...