Aging & Longevity

Tuning of plasma cell lifespan by competition explains the longevity and heterogeneity of antibody persistence

3 weeks 1 day ago
Plasma cells that emerge after infection or vaccination exhibit heterogeneous lifespans; most survive for days to months, whereas others persist for decades, providing antigen-specific long-term protection. We developed a mathematical framework to explore the dynamics of plasma cell removal and its regulation by survival factors. Analyses of antibody persistence following hepatitis A and B and HPV vaccination revealed specific patterns of longevity and heterogeneity within and between responses,...
Benjamin D Simons

Phasic/tonic glial GABA differentially transduce for olfactory adaptation and neuronal aging

3 weeks 1 day ago
Phasic (fast) and tonic (sustained) inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are fundamental for regulating day-to-day activities, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. However, the mechanisms and physiological functions of glial GABA transductions remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the AMsh glia in Caenorhabditis elegans exhibit both phasic and tonic GABAergic signaling, which distinctively regulate olfactory adaptation and neuronal aging. Through genetic screening, we find that...
Hankui Cheng

Organ-specific biological clocks: Ageotyping for personalized anti-aging medicine

3 weeks 1 day ago
Aging is a complex multidimensional, progressive remodeling process affecting multiple organ systems. While many studies have focused on studying aging across multiple organs, assessment of the contribution of individual organs to overall aging processes is a cutting-edge issue. An organ's biological age might influence the aging of other organs, revealing a multiorgan aging network. Recent data demonstrated a similar yet asynchronous inter-organs and inter-individuals progression of aging,...
Francesco Prattichizzo

Cellular senescence is associated with the spatial evolution toward a higher metastatic phenotype in colorectal cancer

3 weeks 1 day ago
In this study, we explore the dynamic process of colorectal cancer progression, emphasizing the evolution toward a more metastatic phenotype. The term "evolution" as used in this study specifically denotes the phenotypic transition toward a higher metastatic potency from well-formed glandular structures to collective invasion, ultimately resulting in the development of cancer cell buddings at the invasive front. Our findings highlight the spatial correlation of this evolution with tumor cell...
Soon Sang Park

LPD-3 as a megaprotein brake for aging and insulin-mTOR signaling in C. elegans

3 weeks 1 day ago
Insulin-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling drives anabolic growth during organismal development; its late-life dysregulation contributes to aging and limits lifespans. Age-related regulatory mechanisms and functional consequences of insulin-mTOR remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify LPD-3 as a megaprotein that orchestrates the tempo of insulin-mTOR signaling during C. elegans aging. We find that an agonist insulin, INS-7, is drastically overproduced from early life and...
Taruna Pandey

Why soft contacts are stickier when breaking than when making them

3 weeks 1 day ago
Soft solids are sticky. They attract each other and spontaneously form a large area of contact. Their force of attraction is higher when separating than when forming contact, a phenomenon known as adhesion hysteresis. The common explanation for this hysteresis is viscoelastic energy dissipation or contact aging. Here, we use experiments and simulations to show that it emerges even for perfectly elastic solids. Pinning by surface roughness triggers the stick-slip motion of the contact line,...
Antoine Sanner

Childhood adverse life events and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function

3 weeks 1 day ago
Social stress experienced in childhood is associated with adverse health later in life. Mitochondrial function has been implicated as a mechanism for how stressful life events "get under the skin" to influence physical well-being. Using data from the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (n = 879, 59% women), linear models examined whether adverse childhood events (i.e., physical abuse) were associated with two measures of skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics in older adults: (i) maximal...
Kate A Duchowny

Synergistic antitumor activity between HER2 antibody-drug conjugate and chemotherapy for treating advanced colorectal cancer

3 weeks 2 days ago
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer associated with a poor prognosis. Effective targeted therapy alone or in combination for treating advanced CRC remains to be a major clinical challenge. Here, we propose the therapeutic efficacy and molecular mechanism underlying RC48, a FDA-approved anti-HER2 antibody conjugate via a cleavable linker to the microtubule inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), either alone or in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) in various models of...
Hongfu Liu

Riboformer: a deep learning framework for predicting context-dependent translation dynamics

3 weeks 2 days ago
Translation elongation is essential for maintaining cellular proteostasis, and alterations in the translational landscape are associated with a range of diseases. Ribosome profiling allows detailed measurements of translation at the genome scale. However, it remains unclear how to disentangle biological variations from technical artifacts in these data and identify sequence determinants of translation dysregulation. Here we present Riboformer, a deep learning-based framework for modeling...
Bin Shao

Elastin recoil is driven by the hydrophobic effect

3 weeks 2 days ago
Elastin is an extracellular matrix material found in all vertebrates. Its reversible elasticity, robustness, and low stiffness are essential for the function of arteries, lungs, and skin. It is among the most resilient elastic materials known: During a human lifetime, arterial elastin undergoes in excess of 2 × 10⁹ stretching/contracting cycles without replacement, and slow oxidative hardening has been identified as a limiting factor on human lifespan. For over 50 y, the mechanism of entropic...
Nour M Jamhawi

Ambient sound stimulation tunes axonal conduction velocity by regulating radial growth of myelin on an individual, axon-by-axon basis

3 weeks 2 days ago
Adaptive myelination is the emerging concept of tuning axonal conduction velocity to the activity within specific neural circuits over time. Sound processing circuits exhibit structural and functional specifications to process signals with microsecond precision: a time scale that is amenable to adjustment in length and thickness of myelin. Increasing activity of auditory axons by introducing sound-evoked responses during postnatal development enhances myelin thickness, while sensory deprivation...
Mihai Stancu

Epigenetic aging of human blood cells is influenced by the age of the host body

3 weeks 2 days ago
Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a therapeutic procedure performed over a wide range of donor and recipient age combinations, representing natural experiments of how the age of the recipient affects aging in transplanted donor cells in vivo. We measured DNA methylation and epigenetic aging in donors and recipients and found that biological epigenetic clocks are accelerated in cells transplanted into an older body and decelerated in a younger body. This is the first evidence...
Petter Holland

Plasma proteomic signature of human longevity

3 weeks 2 days ago
The identification of protein targets that exhibit anti-aging clinical potential could inform interventions to lengthen the human health span. Most previous proteomics research has been focused on chronological age instead of longevity. We leveraged two large population-based prospective cohorts with long follow-ups to evaluate the proteomic signature of longevity defined by survival to 90 years of age. Plasma proteomics was measured using a SOMAscan assay in 3067 participants from the...
Xiaojuan Liu

Tissue mosaicism following stem cell aging: blood as an exemplar

3 weeks 3 days ago
Loss of stem cell regenerative potential underlies aging of all tissues. Somatic mosaicism, the emergence of cellular patchworks within tissues, increases with age and has been observed in every organ yet examined. In the hematopoietic system, as in most tissues, stem cell aging through a variety of mechanisms occurs in lockstep with the emergence of somatic mosaicism. Here, we draw on insights from aging hematopoiesis to illustrate fundamental principles of stem cell aging and somatic...
Chiraag D Kapadia

Circulating biomarkers of inflammaging and Alzheimer's disease to track age-related trajectories of dementia: Can we develop a clinically relevant composite combination?

3 weeks 3 days ago
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a rapidly growing global concern due to a consistent rise of the prevalence of dementia which is mainly caused by the aging population worldwide. An early diagnosis of AD remains important as interventions are plausibly more effective when started at the earliest stages. Recent developments in clinical research have focused on the use of blood-based biomarkers for improve diagnosis/prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly AD. Unlike invasive cerebrospinal...
Angela Marie Abbatecola

Mating harassment may boost the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique for Aedes mosquitoes

3 weeks 3 days ago
The sterile insect technique is based on the overflooding of a target population with released sterile males inducing sterility in the wild female population. It has proven to be effective against several insect pest species of agricultural and veterinary importance and is under development for Aedes mosquitoes. Here, we show that the release of sterile males at high sterile male to wild female ratios may also impact the target female population through mating harassment. Under laboratory...
Dongjing Zhang

Effects of ageing and frailty on circulating monocyte and dendritic cell subsets

3 weeks 3 days ago
Ageing is associated with dysregulated immune responses, resulting in impaired resilience against infections and low-grade inflammation known as inflammageing. Frailty is a measurable condition in older adults characterized by decreased health and physical impairment. Dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes play a crucial role in initiating and steering immune responses. To assess whether their frequencies and phenotypes in the blood are affected by ageing or frailty, we performed a flow cytometry...
Rosanne D Reitsema

The long and winding road of reprogramming-induced rejuvenation

3 weeks 5 days ago
Organismal aging is inherently connected to the aging of its constituent cells and systems. Reducing the biological age of the organism may be assisted by reducing the age of its cells - an approach exemplified by partial cell reprogramming through the expression of Yamanaka factors or exposure to chemical cocktails. It is crucial to protect cell type identity during partial reprogramming, as cells need to retain or rapidly regain their functions following the treatment. Another critical issue...
Ali Doğa Yücel

Extensive photochemical restructuring of molecule-metal surfaces under room light

3 weeks 5 days ago
The molecule-metal interface is of paramount importance for many devices and processes, and directly involved in photocatalysis, molecular electronics, nanophotonics, and molecular (bio-)sensing. Here the photostability of this interface is shown to be sensitive even to room light levels for specific molecules and metals. Optical spectroscopy is used to track photoinduced migration of gold atoms when functionalised with different thiolated molecules that form uniform monolayers on Au. Nucleation...
Chenyang Guo
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