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Although recent advances in treatment of traumatic olfactory dysfunction, which had a low rate of improvement through treatment, have increased the improvement rate in younger patients, it remains low in middle-aged and older patients. Although olfactory function declines with age, its impact on traumatic dysfunction recovery remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of aging on olfactory nerve regeneration and olfactory function recovery in an animal model of...

Medical practice mainly addresses single diseases, neglecting multimorbidity as a heterogeneous health decline across organ systems. Aging is a multidimensional process and cannot be captured by a single metric. Therefore, we assessed global health in longitudinal studies, BLSA (n = 907), InCHIANTI (n = 986), and NHANES (n = 40,790), by examining disease severities in 13 bodily systems, generating the Body Organ Disease Number (BODN), reflecting progressive system morbidities. We used Bayesian...

Electrochemical conversion of CO(2) into fuels represents an important pathway for addressing the challenges of climate change and energy storage. However, large-scale applications remain hindered by the instability and inefficiency of CO(2) reduction systems, particularly under highly alkaline electrolytes and high current densities. One primary obstacle is the cathodic salt precipitation, which hinders mass transfer and blocks active sites limiting the lifespan of these systems. Here, we...

The protective role of dietary vitamin D intake on cognitive function is of interest, but evidence remains inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and 2-year cognitive changes in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. This longitudinal study comprised 5454 individuals (aged 55-75 years in men and 60-75 years in women) who exhibited overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Data on dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using a validated 143-item...

Evidence across a broad range of disciplines has demonstrated how individuals' social environments can impact their health, lifespan, reproduction, and ultimately their evolutionary fitness. Past research has primarily focused on either traits specific to individuals or wider traits of social groups, linking these with a component of fitness. In this study, we examined how both individual- and group-level social traits in 164 wild mountain gorillas combine to influence multiple pathways...

How central and peripheral circadian clocks regulate protein metabolism and affect tissue mass homeostasis has been unclear. Circadian shifts in the balance between anabolism and catabolism control muscle growth rate in young zebrafish independent of behavioral cycles. Here, we show that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy, which mediate muscle protein degradation, are each upregulated at night under the control of the muscle peripheral clock. Perturbation of the muscle...

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) refers to all pathologies of the brain's arterioles, capillaries, and venules. cSVD is highly prevalent with ageing and is diagnosed by its characteristic neuro-imaging features. Emerging evidence suggests that circulating immune cells play an important role in cSVD's pathology. However, the specific immune cell populations involved remain poorly understood. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on circulating immune cells in cSVD and their...

Despite significant advances in aging research, translating these findings into clinical practice remains a challenge. Aging is a complex, multifactorial process shaped by many factors including genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors. While medical advancements have extended lifespan, healthspan remains constrained by cellular senescence, telomere attrition, and systemic inflammation-core hallmarks of biological aging. However, emerging evidence suggests that telomere dynamic is not...

The neuronal tissue is notable for its unique regulation of the immune system, response to DNA damage, endurance against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and control of inflammatory pathways. Here, I discuss some uniqueness of the brain's aging process in light of the free radical theory of aging, DNA-damage accumulation, inflammaging, and aging as a consequence of a programmed developmental process. Key points include (i) the resilience of the neuronal tissue to oxidative stress; (ii) the...

Identifying novel compounds with therapeutic potential is a main area of interest in biomedical research. Tetrahydroindenoindole (THII) has emerged as a compound of interest due to both its antioxidant properties and its action as a pharmacological activator of the enzyme cytochrome b(5) reductase 3. However, there is a lack of comprehensive synthesis of findings, particularly concerning the effects of THII on metabolism in mice under non-disease conditions. This systematic review with...

Aging research is often framed within pluralistic frameworks that emphasize cellular and molecular damage processes. Among the most influential are Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS), which aims to counteract biological decline through targeted damage repair, and the Hallmarks of Aging (HoA), which seeks to identify fundamental mechanisms underlying this process. Both proposals, although diverse, significantly influence contemporary approaches to the challenges posed by...

Sphingolipids (SPLs) are essential membrane lipids with significant bioactive roles involved in various cellular processes, and their alterations have been found to be linked to many diseases, including age-related diseases. However, comprehensive studies on the association of plasma sphingolipids with aging in large, diverse cohorts remain limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma sphingolipid levels and aging in a cohort of 240 normoglycemic,...

CONCLUSION: In postmenopausal osteoporotic women, the CC was positively and independently associated with denosumab treatment response.

Degradation of proteostasis, mitochondrial function, and cellular stress resistance results in a build-up of damaged proteins, oxidative insult, and chronic inflammation, characteristic of aging. CHIP is essential for maintaining protein quality control and cellular homeostasis by having dual E3 ubiquitin ligase and co-chaperone activities. CHIP facilitates proteostasis by maintaining proteostasis in misfolded, aggregated proteins by promoting their degradation. Mitochondrial dysfunction,...

Maintaining genomic stability is essential for detecting DNA damage and activating appropriate responses such as repair, apoptosis, or senescence, primarily mediated by the ATM-p53 axis. ATM is the main sensor of double-strand breaks, and once activated, it will either promote the repair of damaged DNA or eliminate the damaged cells through apoptosis. ATM and p53 mutations upset this equilibrium to cause genomic instability, therapy resistance, and tumor progression in the context of cancer....

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a preponderant role in the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). We have demonstrated that activation of PINK1 (PTEN induced kinase 1)-dependent mitophagy ameliorates amyloid pathology, attenuates mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction, and improves cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using a newly generated PINK1-AD transgenic mouse model and AD neuronal cell lines, we provide substantial evidence supporting the...

Retrotransposable elements (RTEs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several age-associated diseases. Although model systems indicate that age- and sex-dependent loss of heterochromatin increases RTE expression, data from large human studies are lacking. Here we assessed the expression levels of 795 blood RTE subfamilies in 2467 participants of the population-based Rhineland Study. We found that the expression of more than 98% of RTE subfamilies increased with both chronological and...