Aging & Longevity

Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest with a complex role in tissue repair, aging, and disease. However, inconsistencies in identifying cellular senescence have led to varying conclusions about their functional significance. We developed a machine learning-based approach that uses nuclear morphometrics to identify senescent cells at single-cell resolution. By applying unsupervised clustering and dimensional reduction techniques, we built a robust pipeline that...

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Centenarians represent a population achieving extreme longevity. Despite growing interest in the role of dietary supplements in aging, there is limited research examining their use among centenarians. This study assessed the prevalence, duration, and frequency of dietary supplement use among centenarians in China. Data on self-reported supplement usage were sourced from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. The analysis included 2,169 female and 708 male...

The tissue hormone acyl coenzyme A-binding protein (ACBP, encoded by the gene diazepam-binding inhibitor, DBI) has been implicated in various facets of pathological aging. Here, we show that ACBP plasma concentrations are elevated in (close-to-)centenarians (mean ± SD age 99.5 ± 4.5 y) commensurate with their health deterioration, correlating with a reduced glomerular filtration rate and a surge in senescence-associated cytokines. ACBP neutralization by means of a monoclonal antibody (mAb)...

Successful aging is essential for health, particularly as the global population of older adults rises. It assesses whether older adults maintain a healthy lifestyle and enjoy quality in their later years. This study explores the relationship between successful aging and mortality, focusing on how its components relate to mortality across different genders. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of 9633 older adults (aged 65+) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2011-2018). This...

The dysfunction of the cellular endolysosomal pathway, such as in lysosomal storage diseases, can cause severe musculoskeletal disorders. However, how endolysosomal dysfunction causes musculoskeletal abnormalities remains poorly understood, limiting therapeutic options. Here, we report that CHMP5, a member of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III protein family, is essential to maintain the endolysosomal pathway and regulate bone formation in osteogenic lineage cells....

Telomere length and DNA methylation (DNAm) clocks serve as markers of biological aging and have been linked to mortality risk. This study applies additive Bayesian networks (ABNs) to examine associations between DNAm clocks, telomere length, and mortality, with a focus on racial and sex differences in aging. Data from three US cohorts-NHANES (n = 2522), HRS (n = 1029), and HANDLS (n = 92-470)-were analyzed using correlation matrices, Cox models, ABNs, and generalized structural equation models...

Racial discrimination against Chinese immigrants to various countries worldwide has risen sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic, but limited research exists regarding the pathways through which racial discrimination impacts older immigrants' mental health. This study explored the relationship of perceived discrimination to depression among older Chinese immigrants living in Aotearoa New Zealand, through pathways of chronic health conditions, language barriers, and COVID-19 risks while taking into...

INTRODUCTION: In an increasingly aging society, testing hippocampal-dependent cognition in a quick and low resource manner will be crucial in: assessing the potential benefits of lifestyle choices and interventions affecting cognitive ageing (such as those involving exercise, diet, and sleep); detecting pathological aging, such as in Alzheimer's disease, where hippocampal degeneration occurs relatively early on.

Age-related deterioration in postural control is an important factor decreasing quality of life. Functional neuroimaging studies have shown that the activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during balancing is typically higher in older (OA) compared to younger adults (YA), probably reflecting a mechanism contributing to worsened balance control with aging. Here, we hypothesized that balance training (BAL) shifts PFC activation towards a more efficient pattern, enabling improved balance...

INTRODUCTION: Differences in lifestyle factors contribute towards inequalities in dementia incidence and memory trajectories across racial and ethnic groups. We identifieded lifestyle risk factors that best discriminat memory trajectories in older adults without cognitive impairment.

Cellular senescence is a conserved cellular program characterized by a permanent cell cycle arrest triggered by a variety of stressors. Originally described as a tumor-suppressive mechanism, it is now recognized to exert pleiotropic and context-dependent functions, contributing to key physiological processes such as embryogenesis and tissue repair, as well as to processes associated with aging and the development of age-related diseases. Unlike normal cells, senescent cells remain metabolically...

Resistance to age-related pathological changes (brain maintenance), including Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, and neurodegeneration may promote cognitive resilience in aging. However, how lifestyle and health profiles relate to successful cognitive and brain aging remains poorly understood. In a novel, deeply phenotyped cohort of 211 cognitively unimpaired older adults (age = 71.0 ± 7.4 years, 46% female), we characterized principal components of lifestyle and health using...

CONCLUSION: Better diet quality, reflected by higher HEI scores, is associated with a lower prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults, highlighting the importance of nutrition in preventing sarcopenia.

The hippocampus (Hc), which is crucial for memory across the lifespan, is comprised of distinct subfields: dentate gyrus (DG), Cornu Ammonis (CA) sectors 1-3, and subiculum. Cross-sectional studies show that Hc subfield volumes exhibit a differential association with age across the lifespan. However, the evidence of age-related changes and individual variability in developmental trajectories is sparse. We examined changes in Hc subfield volumes in a large normative lifespan sample (N = 474 at...

The gradual decline in physiological functions that comes with aging contributes to a range of chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and osteoarthritis. Significant advancements in human longevity due to socioeconomic development have resulted in a foreseeable and substantial strain on the global healthcare system. In fact, there is now a shift in research focus towards enhancing healthspan. As a result, the development of improved therapies for various chronic...

Age-related iron accumulation is widely observed in various species and significantly impacts physiological processes. However, systematic investigation into how age-related iron dysregulation affects different life traits is still limited. This study utilizes the model organism C. elegans to examine the roles of iron regulatory genes throughout different life stages, focusing on their effects on iron homeostasis, longevity, mobility, size, and mechanosensation. Our expression analysis indicated...

Cellular senescence is a hallmark of organismal aging but how it drives aging in human tissues is not fully understood. Here we leverage single nucleus multiomics to profile senescence in mononucleated cells of human skeletal muscle and provide the first senescence atlas. We demonstrate the intra- and inter-populational transcriptomic and epigenomic heterogeneity and dynamics of cellular senescence. We also identify commonalities and variations in senescence-associated secretory phenotypes...

CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia can serves as a significant predictor of long-term mortality in centenarians and functions as an important independent predictor.

CONCLUSIONS: In addressing apathy, it is important to check for the co-occurrence of depression, life satisfaction, and the availability and utilization of social support.