Aging & Longevity

The T cell aging process can be modified by genotoxic factors, including ionizing radiation, and metabolic controls, such as caloric restriction; the former accelerates and the latter retards the process. However, the mechanisms by which these systemic factors interact to cause T cell aging remain unclear. This study investigated the naïve T-cell pool, thymic cellularity, and transcriptome in mice irradiated with 3.8 Gy at 5 weeks of age and treated 13 months later with 30 mM spermidine (SPD), a...

The GDF15 protein, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is a stress-induced multifunctional protein with many of its functions associated with the regulation of the immune system. GDF15 signaling provides a defence against the excessive inflammation induced by diverse stresses and tissue injuries. Given that the aging process is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state, called inflammaging, it is not surprising that the expression of GDF15 gradually increases with aging. In fact, the GDF15...

New insights into the metabolic mechanisms of frailty are needed. This study aimed to identify serum metabolites linked to frailty phenotype and its component through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic analysis among community-dwelling older individuals. An exploratory, cross-sectional case-control study. Setting and participants: The participants were recruited from the ''Otassha Study,'' a cohort study conducted in Itabashi Ward, Tokyo, targeting women aged 65 years and older....

While reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been known to drive aging and neurodegeneration, their persistent depletion below basal levels also disrupts organismal function. Cells counteract loss of basal ROS via the reductive stress response, but the identity and biochemical activity of ROS sensed by this pathway remain unknown. Here, we show that the central enzyme of the reductive stress response, the E3 ligase Cullin 2-FEM1 homolog B (CUL2^(FEM1B)), specifically acts at mitochondrial TOM...

The field of aging and longevity research is overwhelmed by vast amounts of data, calling for the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including Large Language Models (LLMs), for the evaluation of geroprotective interventions. Such evaluations should be correct, useful, comprehensive, explainable, and they should consider causality, interdisciplinarity, adherence to standards, longitudinal data and known aging biology. In particular, comprehensive analyses should go beyond comparing data based...

CONCLUSION: A rapid decrease in the number of teeth is associated with an increased risk of psychological distress in older adults. Regular dental checkups, nutritional counseling, and the use of dentures are critical in mitigating the adverse psychological effects of the tooth loss.

CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation results presented herein highlight the program's success in addressing the critical need for accessible dementia-related services. Overall, our evaluation results underscore the importance of community-based initiatives in promoting early dementia detection and intervention, which are crucial for disease management.

Understanding the biophysical basis of protein aggregation is important in biology because of the potential link to several misfolding diseases. Although experiments have shown that protein aggregates adopt a variety of morphologies, the dynamics of their formation are less well characterized. Here, we introduce a minimal model to explore the dependence of the aggregation dynamics on the structural and sequence features of the monomers. Using simulations, we demonstrate that sequence complexity...

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between functional limitations and depressive symptoms among older adults in South Korea, focusing on gender differences in the moderating roles of relationship satisfaction with family, friends, and neighbors.

Centenarians and their relatives possess a notable survival advantage, with higher longevity and reduced susceptibility to major age-related diseases. To date, characteristic omics profiles of centenarians have been described, demonstrating that these individuals with exceptional longevity regulate their metabolism to adapt and incorporate more resilient biomolecules into their cells. Among these adaptations, the lipidomic profile stands out. However, it has not yet been determined whether this...

The effects of aging on the satellite cell pool have primarily been studied in male mice, where the role of cell-intrinsic versus environmental changes on satellite cell function remains contentious. Estradiol is necessary for maintenance of satellite cell pool size in adult female mice-here we investigate the hypothesis that in females, estradiol is a major environmental driver of age-associated effects on satellite cells. In 24-26 month-old ovarian senescent mice, we find the satellite cell...

Across all taxa of life, individuals within a species exhibit variable lifespans. Differences in genotype or environment are not sufficient to explain this variance, as even isogenic Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes reared under uniform conditions show significant variability in lifespan. To investigate this phenomenon, we used lifespan-predictive biomarkers to isolate, at mid-adulthood, prospectively long- and short-lived individuals from an otherwise identical population. We selected two...

Connectivity of somatosensory cortex (S1) and cerebellum with the motor cortex (M1) is critical for balance control. While both S1-M1 and cerebellar-M1 connections are affected with aging, the implications of altered connectivity for balance control are not known. We investigated the relationship between S1-M1 and cerebellar-M1 connectivity and standing balance in middle-aged and older adults. Our secondary objective was to investigate how cognition affected the relationship between connectivity...

The locus coeruleus (LC) is among the first brain structures impacted by Alzheimer's disease (AD), and noradrenergic denervation may contribute to early neurovascular dysfunction in AD. Mechanistic links between the LC and cerebral perfusion have been demonstrated in rodents, but there have been no similar studies in aging humans. Community-dwelling older adults with no history of stroke or dementia (N=66) underwent structural (T1-MPRAGE; T1-FSE) and perfusion (resting pCASL) MRI. Plasma AD...

Carling et al. report that late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) risk alleles drive cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, in a tau- and sex-dependent manner. Mechanistic insights into interactions among genetic risk, biological aging, and sex differences in LOAD are presented.

During the last few decades, life expectancy has increased worldwide along with the prevalence of several age-related diseases. Among aging pathways, cellular senescence and chronic inflammation (or "inflammaging") appear to be connected to gut homeostasis and dysbiosis of the microbiome. Cellular senescence is a state of essentially irreversible cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to stress. Although senescent cells (SC) remain metabolically active, they do not proliferate and can secrete...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study revealed that better indoor environments in terms of cooling, heating, acoustics, odor, and lighting could potentially delay nursing home admission. Integrating the assessments of these indoor environmental factors into policy frameworks may enhance the effectiveness of long-term care strategies and promote aging.

Global average life expectancy has steadily increased over the last several decades and is projected to reach ~ 77 years by 2050. As it stands, the number of people > 60 years currently outnumbers children younger than 5 years, and by 2050, it is anticipated that the global population of people aged > 60 years will double, surpassing 2.1 billion. This demographic shift in our population is expected to have substantial consequences on health services globally due to the disease burden associated...

Over a lifetime, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) adjust their lineage output to support age-aligned physiology. In model organisms, stereotypic waves of hematopoiesis have been observed corresponding to defined age-biased HSC hallmarks. However, how the properties of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells change over the human lifespan remains unclear. To address this gap, we profiled individual transcriptome states of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells spanning gestation, maturation...

Stroke risk increases with chronological age, but the relationship with biological age (BA) acceleration is poorly understood. We aimed to examine the association between BA acceleration and incident stroke and its subtypes, explore the modifying effects on genetic susceptibility, and assess how BA acceleration mediates the effect of behavior score. We studied 253,932 UK Biobank participants and computed two BA measures (Klemera-Doubal Method [KDM], Phenotypic Age [PhenoAge]), with BA...