Aging & Longevity

The nervous system (NS) experiences morphological and functional changes during the aging process, where low-grade chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and senescence are key regulators. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate that activates redox response and inhibits the inflammatory process, which could modify the pro-inflammatory components of senescent cells secretory phenotype (SASP). Here we aimed to determine if SFN long-term treatment was able to prevent age-associated damage in the...

Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic progressive disorders that impair memory, cognition, and motor functions, leading to conditions such as dementia, muscle weakness, and speech difficulties. Aging disrupts the stringent balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, increasing neuroinflammation, which contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. The aging brain is particularly vulnerable to infections due to a weakened and compromised immune response and impaired integrity of the...

Maternal conditions during pregnancy can influence the long-term health of offspring. In particular, maternal malnutrition (MM), such as protein restriction, affects the development of several organs, including the male reproductive system. This study examined how a low-protein maternal diet impacts the structure and function of the dorsolateral prostate (DLP) in aging male rats. Male offspring were divided into two groups: A control group (CTR), whose mothers received a normal protein diet...

Sepsis is a life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection, and patients with sepsis always exhibit a state of immune disorder characterized by both overwhelming inflammation and immunosuppression. The aging of immune system, namely "immunosenescence", has been reported to be correlated with high morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with sepsis. Initially, immunosenescence was considered as a range of age-related alterations in the...

Functional ability and intrinsic capacity (IC) have been proposed as determinants of healthy aging, but the extent to which these indicators are affected by biological aging remains unknown. We explored the association of biological age acceleration (BAA) with functional ability and IC in older adults with physical and cognitive impairments. This cross-sectional study used data from 163 individuals (84.0 ± 5.2 years [range 72-99], 61.8% women) of the COGFRAIL cohort. Functional ability on basic...

Uracil incorporation into DNA, as a result of nucleotide pool imbalances or cytosine deamination (e.g., through APOBEC3A/3B), can result in replication stress and is the most common source of mutations in cancer and aging. Despite the critical role of uracil in genome instability, cancer development, and cancer therapy, only now is there emerging data on its impact on fundamental processes such as DNA replication and genome stability. Removal of uracil from DNA by base excision repair (BER) can...

Recent studies suggest that vascular senescence and its associated inflammation fuel the inflammaging to favor atherogenesis; whether these pathways can be therapeutically targeted in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients remains unknown. In a randomized, double-blind trial, 97 patients (78 men) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were treated with either quercetin (500 mg twice daily, 47 patients) or placebo (50 patients) for two days pre-surgery through hospital discharge. Primary...

We investigated the changes in home care clients' vision and hearing over 18 months and examined the role of sensory impairments in maintaining their functioning. We used data from the Finnish Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) database (n = 7013). Sensory impairment status was categorized by type (single or dual) and severity (mild or moderate/severe). The association between sensory impairment and functioning over 18 months was examined using binary logistic regression analysis with...

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and other age-related disorders have been classically defined by a set of key pathological hallmarks. Two of these hallmarks, cell cycle dysregulation (CCD) and nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) defects, have long been debated as being either causal or consequential in the pathology of accelerated aging. Specifically, aberrant cell cycle activation in post-mitotic neurons has been shown to trigger neuronal cell death pathways and cellular senescence....

CONCLUSIONS: ABSs had a reduced risk of cognitive decline during the pandemic compared with that of the other groups.

CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant association between tooth count and frailty, particularly in those with 20 or fewer teeth. Policymakers should prioritize oral health within aging populations by promoting early preventive care and education to mitigate frailty risk. Robust, large-scale studies are needed to guide evidence-based interventions and public health policy.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension, a major concern for older adults, contributes to morbidity and mortality by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney dysfunction, and cognitive decline. A healthy diet plays a vital role in limiting chronic disease progression in aging populations.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a potential causal associations between molecular markers of biological aging and orthopedic diseases, suggesting avenues for future research into the underlying mechanisms.

Immersive virtual reality (IVR) offers significant potential for aging research, providing a controlled yet ecologically valid platform for studying cognitive, emotional, and motor processes, as well as supporting interventions and diagnostic assessments in older adults. However, its usability can be hindered by age-related sensory, motor, and cognitive changes, which may contribute to anxiety, disorientation, and reduced task engagement. In this narrative review, we examine the challenges older...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia worldwide. It is a multifaceted condition resulting from interplay of genetic mutations (e.g., APP, PSEN1, PSEN2) that account for less than 5% of cases, several genetic risk variants such as APOE4, TREM2, CD33, CLU, SORL1, and CR1 contribute to disease susceptibility and epigenetic factors, which may mediate the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors over time. Other critical contributors such as aging, protein misfolding...

Aging is associated with increased retinal cell apoptosis, which contributes to decreases in retinal function. Apoptotic retinal cell clearance relies on microglial efferocytosis, but the impact of aging on this process has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to shed light on this by using single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA-seq) to compare young and aged mouse retinal transcriptional profiles, in which 74,412 retinal cells from young and aged mice were classified into 10...

The aberrant expression of S100A11 has been identified in various malignancies but its functional roles and underlying mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the expression of S100A11 and its functional significance in CRC, indicating that S100A11 is significantly upregulated and correlates with poor survival outcomes in CRC. Functionally, S100A11 knockdown in CRC cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, invasion,...

Large-scale genomic studies focusing on the genetic contribution to human aging have mostly relied on cross-sectional data. With the release of longitudinally curated aging phenotypes by the UK Biobank (UKBB), it is now possible to study aging over time at genome-wide scale. In this work, we evaluated the suitability of competing models of change in realistic simulation settings, performed genome-wide association scans on simulation-validated measures of age-related deweekcline, and followed up...

Obesity-related osteoarthritis (OA) and the molecular mechanisms governing multiple joint structural changes that occur with obesity are not well understood. This study investigated the progression of obesity in mice and validated the results using human joint samples post-arthroplasty. The results show that obesity is associated with the degeneration of the cartilage layer and abnormal remodeling of the subchondral bone layer, and this occurs alongside aging and DNA damage in chondrocytes,...

CONCLUSIONS: LGBQ women were more likely than straight women to be exposed to breast cancer risk factors, which were compounded by lower screening and facing health care access barriers. It is crucial to identify interventions for screening and risk reduction that are accessible and effective for LGBQ women, particularly bisexual/queer women and those aging into screen-eligibility.