Aging & Longevity

Cancer is an age-related disease, but the interplay between cancer and aging is complex and their shared molecular drivers are deeply intertwined. This Review provides an overview of how different biological pathways affect cancer and aging, leveraging evidence mainly derived from animal studies. We discuss how genome maintenance and accumulation of DNA mutations affect tumorigenesis and tissue homeostasis during aging. We describe how age-related telomere dysfunction and cellular senescence...

Consumer-grade mobile devices are used by billions worldwide. Their ubiquity provides opportunities to robustly capture everyday cognition. 'Intuition' was a remote observational study that enrolled 23,004 US adults, collecting 24 months of longitudinal multimodal data via their iPhones and Apple Watches using a custom research application that captured routine device use, self-reported health information and cognitive assessments. The study objectives were to classify mild cognitive impairment...

CONCLUSION: Patient-reported adverse drug events are more prevalent in older co-morbid patients in Liaoning province. Female, numbers of daily drugs, fall history with 1 year and poor medication compliance were significantly and independently associated with adverse drug events. These findings may provide informative interventions for the medication management in elderly patients living with multimorbidity.

CONCLUSIONS: The VI-ACE-III showed good sensitivity and specificity for assessing dementia and MCI in Arabic-speaking elderly individuals with visual impairment (VI) in Egypt. Regular screening and interventions are crucial for managing and preventing the deterioration of cognitive dysfunction and vision impairment in the elderly population.

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment paradigms, but its efficacy is often curtailed by T-cell exhaustion and the suppressive tumour microenvironment. Recent studies reveal a novel mechanism of T-cell demise termed ammonia-induced cell death (AICD), which significantly impacts effector CD8+ T-cell survival and function. This phenomenon arises from metabolic reprogramming during immune activation, wherein heightened glutamine metabolism leads to the accumulation of toxic ammonia...

The aim of this study is to investigate the association between retinal age gap and multimorbidity. Retinal age gap was calculated based on a previously developed deep learning model for 45,436 participants. The number of age-related conditions reported at baseline was summed and categorized as zero, one, or at least two conditions at baseline (multimorbidity). Incident multimorbidity was defined as having two or more age-related diseases onset during the follow-up period. Linear regressions...

Physical exercise has been associated with healthier aging trajectories, potentially preventing or mitigating age-related declines. This occurs through a complex, yet poorly characterized network of multi-organ interactions involving mitochondrial, inflammatory, and cell death/survival pathways. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the 12-week VIVIFRAIL multicomponent exercise protocol in physically frail (n = 16, mean age 81.4 ± 5.6) and robust (n = 50, mean-age 73.6 ± 4.7) old individuals....

The presence of senescent cells causes age-related pathologies since their removal by genetic or pharmacological means, as well as possibly by exercise, improves outcomes in animal models. An alternative to depleting such cells would be to rejuvenate them to promote their return to a replicative state. Here we report that treatment of non-growing senescent cells with low-frequency ultrasound (LFU) rejuvenates the cells for growth. Notably, there are 15 characteristics of senescent cells that are...

CONCLUSION: In wrist and ankle joints, the age-related decline in proprioception is limited to the sense of force, especially for low forces. This nonuniform decline in proprioception across proprioceptive senses and testing conditions could reflect a decline in the central processing of proprioceptive information.

Biomarkers of aging are indispensable for testing interventions. While promising, the recent focus on molecular aspects should not detract from the functional parameters for which excellent correlation with mortality, and ample clinical human data exist.

Testicular aging is associated with declining reproductive health, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here we generate a dataset of 214,369 single-cell transcriptomes from testicular cells of 35 individuals aged 21-69, offering a resource for studying testicular aging and physiology. Machine learning analysis reveals a stronger aging response in somatic cells compared to germ cells. Two waves of aging-related changes are identified: the first in peritubular cells of donors in their 30s,...

Understanding the key drivers of brain aging is essential for effective prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we integrate human brain and physiological data to investigate underlying mechanisms. Functional MRI analyses across four large datasets (totaling 19,300 participants) show that brain networks not only destabilize throughout the lifetime but do so along a nonlinear trajectory, with consistent temporal "landmarks" of brain aging starting in midlife (40s)....

Rnd3 is a small Rho-GTPase that has been implicated in various cardiovascular diseases. Yet, its role in diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte senescence remains unknown. Here we tested the role of Rnd3 in cardiomyocyte senescence and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The expression of Rnd3 was found to be reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from diabetic patients and correlated negatively with age but positively with cardiac function. In 96-week-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, cardiac function...

The aging population, defined as individuals 65 years or older, is rapidly increasing, with age as the most significant and independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Older women show greater susceptibility to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction compared to men. Despite this, the specific molecular drivers of sex differences in cardiac aging remain poorly understood. In this study, cardiac fibrosis and gene expression profiles were investigated in left atrial appendage samples...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The risk of all-cause mortality declined among older adults with a reversal of frailty. Hemoglobin concentration and exercise contributed to the reversal of frailty among older adults. In contrast, aging, long daily sedentary time, cigarette smoking, and illiteracy were risk factors for the reversal of frailty. These findings may provide better strategies for frailty intervention.

Haemophilia A and B are congenital X-linked bleeding disorders resulting from deficiencies in clotting factors VIII (haemophilia A) and IX (haemophilia B). Patients with severe deficiency, defined as having less than 1% of normal plasma factor activivity, often have spontaneous bleeding within the first few years of life. Those with moderate and mild deficiencies typically present with post-traumatic or post-surgical bleeding later in life. A high index of suspicion and measurement of factor...

Recent studies have reported that the spaceflight environment lengthens leukocyte telomeres. We propose that this baffling finding reflects changes in the composition of leukocyte subsets rather than an actual increase in telomere length within individual leukocytes. Since leukocyte telomere length is associated with aging-related diseases and longevity in humans, it is crucial to understand the underlying factors driving telomere length changes in space.

CONCLUSIONS: Neuropsychiatric symptoms occur commonly in MCI participants, and are mainly related to defect of language and memory function. A better understanding of the relationship between specific cognition and NPS may alert clinicians to pay close attention to the NPS in MCI patient, which may need early intervention.

CONCLUSION: Elevated late-life cholesterol may protect cognitive function in healthy individuals and those with mild impairment, with a sex-specific impact in dementia, beneficial for women but detrimental for men.

CONCLUSIONS: We developed an explainable machine learning model to predict SO in aging community and nursing populations. This model offers a novel, accessible, and interpretable approach to SO prediction with potential to enhance early detection and intervention strategies. Further studies are warranted to validate our model in diverse populations and evaluate its impact on patient outcomes when integrated into comprehensive geriatric assessments.